Lipid biomarkers of manuring practice in relict anthropogenic soils

Holocene

Volumn 9, Issue 2, 1999, Pages 223-229

  Simpson, Ian A ^a   Van Bergen, Pim F ^b,c   Perret, Vincent ^b   Elhmmali, Mohamed M ^b   Roberts, David J ^b   Evershed, Richard P ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF STIRLING   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF BRISTOL   (United Kingdom)

^c UTRECHT UNIVERSITY   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Anthropogenic indicators; Bile acids; Biomarkers; Cultivated soils; Land management; Landscape archaeology; Lipids; Manure; Orkney; Scotland; Sterols; Total lipid extract

Indexed keywords

5BETA STIGMASTANOL; CAMPESTEROL; COPROSTEROL; HYODEOXYCHOLIC ACID; MANURE; SITOSTEROL; WASTE UTILIZATION;

BIOMARKER; HOLOCENE; LIPID; MANURE; SOIL IMPROVEMENT; SOIL MANAGEMENT;

ORKNEY; UNITED KINGDOM;

EID: 0032954981     PISSN: 09596836     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1191/095968399666898333     Document Type: Article

References (27)

1. Bakels, C.C. 1997: The beginnings of manuring in western Europe. Antiquity 71, 442-45.
2. Barker, G. 1985: Prehistoric farming in Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
3. Bethell, P.H., Ottaway, J., Goad, L.J. and Evershed, R.P. 1994: The study of molecular markers of human activity: the use of coprostanol as an indicator of human faecal material. Journal of Archaeological Science 21, 619-32.
4. Bull, I.D., Simpson, I.A., van Bergen, P.F. and Evershed, R.P. 1999: Muck 'n' molecules: organic geochemical methods for detecting ancient manuring. Antiquity, in press.
5. Dockrill , S.J. and Simpson, I.A. 1994: The identification of prehistoric anthropogenic soils using an integrated sampling methodology. Archaeological Prospection 1, 75-92.
6. Dodgshon, R.A. 1993: Strategies of farming in the Western Highlands and Islands of Scotland prior to crofting and the clearances. Economic History Review 46, 679-701.
7. Dodgshon, R.A. and Olsson, E.G. 1988: Productivity and nutrient use in eighteenth-century Scottish Highland townships. Geografiska Annaler 70B, 39-51.
8. Elhmmali, M.M., Roberts, D.J. and Evershed, R.P. 1997: Bile acids as a new class of sewage pollution indicator. Environmental Science and Technology 31, 3663-68.
9. Evershed, R.P. and Bethell, P.H. 1996: Application of multimolecular biomarker techniques to the identification of faecal material ín archaeological soils and sediments. ACS Symposium Series 625, 157-72.
10. Evershed, R.P., Bethell, P.H., Reynolds, P.J. and Walsh, N.J. 1997: 5β-stigmastanol and related 5β-stanols as biomarkers of manuring: analysis of modern experimental material and assessment of the archaeological potential. Journal of Archaeological Science 24, 485-95.
11. Fenton, A. 1978: The Northern Isles: Orkney and Shetland, Edinburgh: John Donald.
12. Floate, M.J.S. 1970: Decomposition of organic materials from ancient farm soils and pastures, II: comparative studies on the mineralisation of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus from plant materials and sheep faeces. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 2, 173-85.
13. Hunt, H.A.W. 1977: A simulation model for decomposition in grasslands. Ecology 58, 469-84.
14. Lockheart, M.J., van Bergen, P.F. and Evershed, R.P. 1997: Variations in the stable carbon isotope compositions of individual lipids observed in the leaves of modern angiosperms: implications for the study of higher land plant derived sedimentary organic matter. Organic Geochemistry 26, 137-53.
15. Marwick, H. 1952: Orkney farm names. Kirkwall: W.R. Macintosh.
16. _ 1970: The place-names of Birsay. Aberdeen: Aberdeen University Press.
17. Matschiner, J.T. 1971: Naturally occurring bile acids and alcohols and their origins. In Nair, P.P., Kritchevesky, D., editors, The bile acids, New York: Plenum Press, 209-48.
18. Pape, J.C. 1970: Plaggen soils in the Netherlands. Geoderma 4, 229-56.
19. Pococke, R. 1747, 1750, 1760: Tours in Scotland (edited by D.W. Kemp). Edinburgh: Scottish History Society First Series Volume 1, 1887.
20. Pringle, R.O. 1874: On the agriculture of the islands of Orkney. Transactions of the Highland Agricultural Society of Scotland 4th Series, 1-68.
21. Reynolds, P.J. 1979: Iron Age Farm: The Butser Experiment. London: British Museum Publications.
22. Simpson, I.A. 1993: The chronology of anthropogenic soil formation in Orkney. Scottish Geographical Magazine 109, 4-11.
23. _ 1994: Spatial constraints on anthropogenic soil formation in Orkney. Scottish Geographical Magazine 110, 100-104.
24. _ 1995: Establishing time-scales for early cultivated soils in the Northern Isles of Scotland. Scottish Geographical Magazine 111, 184-86.
25. _ 1997: Relict properties of anthropogenic deep top soils as indicators of infield management in Marwick, West Mainland, Orkney. Journal of Archaeological Science 24, 365-80.
26. Sinclair, J., editor 1791-99: The Statistical Account of Scotland: Volume XIX, Orkney and Shetland. Wakefield: E.P. Publishing, 1978.
27. Soil Survey for Scotland 1981: 1:50 000 Soil maps of Orkney: Orkney Mainland, Orkney Northern Isles and Orkney Hoy. Aberdeen: Macaulay Institute for Soil Research.