메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 80, Issue 1, 1999, Pages 238-251

Competitive mechanisms underlying the displacement of native ants by the invasive argentine ant

Author keywords

Ants; Argentine ants; Biological invasion; California; Competition; Competitive asymmetry; Competitive displacement; Competitive trade offs; Exotic species; Exploitative competition; Field experiment; Interference competition

Indexed keywords

ANT; BIOLOGICAL INVASION; COMPETITIVE DISPLACEMENT; INTERSPECIFIC COMPETITION; NATIVE SPECIES; TRADE-OFF;

EID: 0032949876     PISSN: 00129658     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1890/0012-9658(1999)080[0238:CMUTDO]2.0.CO;2     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (507)

References (84)
  • 1
    • 0025235071 scopus 로고
    • Boundary disputes in the territorial ant Azteca trigona: Effects of asymmetries in colony size
    • Adams, E. S. 1990. Boundary disputes in the territorial ant Azteca trigona: effects of asymmetries in colony size. Animal Behavior 39:321-328.
    • (1990) Animal Behavior , vol.39 , pp. 321-328
    • Adams, E.S.1
  • 2
    • 0000999802 scopus 로고
    • Chemical interference competition by Monomorium minimum (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
    • Adams, E. S., and J. F. A. Traniello. 1981. Chemical interference competition by Monomorium minimum (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Oecologia 51:265-270.
    • (1981) Oecologia , vol.51 , pp. 265-270
    • Adams, E.S.1    Traniello, J.F.A.2
  • 3
    • 0026267695 scopus 로고
    • Venom alkaloids in Monomorium "rothsteini" Forel repel other ants: Is this the secret to success by Monomorium in other Australian ant communities?
    • Anderson, A. N, M. S. Blum, and T. H. Jones. 1991. Venom alkaloids in Monomorium "rothsteini" Forel repel other ants: is this the secret to success by Monomorium in other Australian ant communities? Oecologia 88:157-160.
    • (1991) Oecologia , vol.88 , pp. 157-160
    • Anderson, A.N.1    Blum, M.S.2    Jones, T.H.3
  • 5
    • 0027446838 scopus 로고
    • Rates of weed spread in spatially heterogeneous environments
    • Bergelson, J., J. A. Newman, and E. Floresroux. 1993. Rates of weed spread in spatially heterogeneous environments. Ecology 74:999-1011.
    • (1993) Ecology , vol.74 , pp. 999-1011
    • Bergelson, J.1    Newman, J.A.2    Floresroux, E.3
  • 6
    • 0000341447 scopus 로고
    • Artificial diet for rearing various species of ants
    • Bhatkar, A. D., and W. H. Whitcomb. 1970. Artificial diet for rearing various species of ants. Florida Entomologist 53:229-232.
    • (1970) Florida Entomologist , vol.53 , pp. 229-232
    • Bhatkar, A.D.1    Whitcomb, W.H.2
  • 7
    • 0021554910 scopus 로고
    • Collapse of an ant-plant mutualism: The Argentine ant (Iridomyrmex humilis) and myrmecochorous Proteaceac
    • Bond, W., and P. Slingsby. 1984. Collapse of an ant-plant mutualism: the Argentine ant (Iridomyrmex humilis) and myrmecochorous Proteaceac. Ecology 65:1031-1037.
    • (1984) Ecology , vol.65 , pp. 1031-1037
    • Bond, W.1    Slingsby, P.2
  • 8
    • 0002930155 scopus 로고
    • Patterns, modes and extents of invasions by vertebrates
    • J. A. Drake, H. A. Mooney, F. Di Castri, R. H. Groves, F. J. Kruger, M. Rejmanek, and M. Williamson, editors. John Wiley & Sons, New York, New York, USA
    • Brown, J. H. 1989. Patterns, modes and extents of invasions by vertebrates. Pages 85-109 in J. A. Drake, H. A. Mooney, F. Di Castri, R. H. Groves, F. J. Kruger, M. Rejmanek, and M. Williamson, editors. Biological invasions: a global perspective. John Wiley & Sons, New York, New York, USA.
    • (1989) Biological Invasions: a Global Perspective , pp. 85-109
    • Brown, J.H.1
  • 9
    • 0001170502 scopus 로고
    • A comparison of the Hylean and Congo-West African rain forest ant faunas
    • B. J. Meggers, E. S. Ayensu, and W. D. Duckworth, editors. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C., USA
    • Brown, W. 1973. A comparison of the Hylean and Congo-West African rain forest ant faunas. Pages 161-185 in B. J. Meggers, E. S. Ayensu, and W. D. Duckworth, editors. Tropical forest ecosystems of Africa and South America: a comparative review. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C., USA.
    • (1973) Tropical Forest Ecosystems of Africa and South America: a Comparative Review , pp. 161-185
    • Brown, W.1
  • 10
    • 0030019264 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diversity and structure of ant communities associated with oak, pine, eucalyptus and arable habitats in Portugal
    • Cammell, M. E., M. J. Way, and M. R. Paiva. 1996. Diversity and structure of ant communities associated with oak, pine, eucalyptus and arable habitats in Portugal. Insectes Sociaux 43:37-46.
    • (1996) Insectes Sociaux , vol.43 , pp. 37-46
    • Cammell, M.E.1    Way, M.J.2    Paiva, M.R.3
  • 12
    • 0020390232 scopus 로고
    • The tramp ant Wasmannia auropunctata: Autecology and effects on ant diversity and distribution on Santa Cruz Island, Galapagos
    • Clark, D. B., C. Guayasamin, O. Pazmino, C. Donoso, and Y. P. de Villacis. 1982. The tramp ant Wasmannia auropunctata: autecology and effects on ant diversity and distribution on Santa Cruz Island, Galapagos. Biotropica 14: 196-207.
    • (1982) Biotropica , vol.14 , pp. 196-207
    • Clark, D.B.1    Guayasamin, C.2    Pazmino, O.3    Donoso, C.4    De Villacis, Y.P.5
  • 13
    • 0020922895 scopus 로고
    • On the prevalence and relative importance of interspecific competition: Evidence from field experiments
    • Connell, J. H. 1983. On the prevalence and relative importance of interspecific competition: evidence from field experiments. American Naturalist 122:661-696.
    • (1983) American Naturalist , vol.122 , pp. 661-696
    • Connell, J.H.1
  • 15
    • 0001197193 scopus 로고
    • Rates of competitive exclusion by the Argentine ant in Bermuda
    • Crowell, K. L. 1968. Rates of competitive exclusion by the Argentine ant in Bermuda. Ecology 49:551-555.
    • (1968) Ecology , vol.49 , pp. 551-555
    • Crowell, K.L.1
  • 16
    • 0027388401 scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms controlling invasion of coastal plant communities by the alien succulent Carpobrotus edulis
    • D'Antonio, C. M. 1993. Mechanisms controlling invasion of coastal plant communities by the alien succulent Carpobrotus edulis. Ecology 74:83-95.
    • (1993) Ecology , vol.74 , pp. 83-95
    • D'Antonio, C.M.1
  • 17
    • 0030804714 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of resource imbalances in the evolutionary ecology of tropical arboreal ants
    • Davidson, D. W. 1997. The role of resource imbalances in the evolutionary ecology of tropical arboreal ants. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 61:153-181.
    • (1997) Biological Journal of the Linnean Society , vol.61 , pp. 153-181
    • Davidson, D.W.1
  • 18
    • 85038196904 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resource discovery versus resource domination: A functional mechanism for breaking the trade-off
    • In press
    • _. In press. Resource discovery versus resource domination: a functional mechanism for breaking the trade-off. Ecological Entomology.
    • Ecological Entomology
  • 19
    • 0001502680 scopus 로고
    • Interactions between the introduced Argentine ant, Iridomyrmex humilis Mayr, and two indigenous fynbos ant species
    • DeCock, A. E. 1990. Interactions between the introduced Argentine ant, Iridomyrmex humilis Mayr, and two indigenous fynbos ant species. Journal of the Entomological Society of South Africa 53:107-109.
    • (1990) Journal of the Entomological Society of South Africa , vol.53 , pp. 107-109
    • DeCock, A.E.1
  • 20
    • 0002601728 scopus 로고
    • Overview: Introductions, extinctions, exterminations, and invasions
    • J. Diamond and T. J. Case, editors. Harper & Row, New York, New York, USA
    • Diamond, J., and T. J. Case. 1986. Overview: introductions, extinctions, exterminations, and invasions. Pages 65-79 in J. Diamond and T. J. Case, editors. Community ecology. Harper & Row, New York, New York, USA.
    • (1986) Community Ecology , pp. 65-79
    • Diamond, J.1    Case, T.J.2
  • 22
    • 0002783170 scopus 로고
    • Attributes of invaders and the invading process: Vertebrates
    • J. A. Drake, H. A. Mooney, F. Di Castri, R. H. Groves, F. J. Kruger, M. Rejmanek, and M. Williamson, editors. John Wiley & Sons, New York, New York, USA
    • Ehrlich, P. 1989. Attributes of invaders and the invading process: vertebrates. Pages 315-328 in J. A. Drake, H. A. Mooney, F. Di Castri, R. H. Groves, F. J. Kruger, M. Rejmanek, and M. Williamson, editors. Biological invasions: a global perspective. John Wiley & Sons, New York, New York, USA.
    • (1989) Biological Invasions: A Global Perspective , pp. 315-328
    • Ehrlich, P.1
  • 23
    • 84958730749 scopus 로고
    • The displacement of native ant species by the introduced ant Iridomyrmex humilis Mayr
    • Erickson, J. M. 1971. The displacement of native ant species by the introduced ant Iridomyrmex humilis Mayr. Psyche 78:257-266.
    • (1971) Psyche , vol.78 , pp. 257-266
    • Erickson, J.M.1
  • 24
    • 0019822845 scopus 로고
    • Competition between ant species: Outcome controlled by parasitic flies
    • Feener, D. H. 1981. Competition between ant species: outcome controlled by parasitic flies. Science 214:815-817.
    • (1981) Science , vol.214 , pp. 815-817
    • Feener, D.H.1
  • 26
    • 0023520694 scopus 로고
    • Interference and exploitation in a guild of woodland ants
    • Fellers, J. H. 1987. Interference and exploitation in a guild of woodland ants. Ecology 69:1466-1478.
    • (1987) Ecology , vol.69 , pp. 1466-1478
    • Fellers, J.H.1
  • 27
    • 0001280615 scopus 로고
    • Sympatric assocations of three ants: Iridomyrmex humilis, Pheidole megacephala, and Anoplolepis longipes
    • Fluker, S. S., and J. W. Beardsley. 1970. Sympatric assocations of three ants: Iridomyrmex humilis, Pheidole megacephala, and Anoplolepis longipes. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 63:1290-1296.
    • (1970) Annals of the Entomological Society of America , vol.63 , pp. 1290-1296
    • Fluker, S.S.1    Beardsley, J.W.2
  • 28
    • 0026565151 scopus 로고
    • Interactions of intraspecific, interspecific, and apparent competition with host-pathogen population dynamics
    • Grosholz, E. D. 1992. Interactions of intraspecific, interspecific, and apparent competition with host-pathogen population dynamics. Ecology 73:507-514.
    • (1992) Ecology , vol.73 , pp. 507-514
    • Grosholz, E.D.1
  • 29
    • 0022835362 scopus 로고
    • Analysis of repeated experiments
    • Gurevitch, J., and S. T. J. Chester. 1986. Analysis of repeated experiments. Ecology 67:251-254.
    • (1986) Ecology , vol.67 , pp. 251-254
    • Gurevitch, J.1    Chester, S.T.J.2
  • 32
    • 0020421553 scopus 로고
    • Interference strategy of Iridamyrmex pruinosum (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) during foraging
    • Hölldobler, B. 1982. Interference strategy of Iridamyrmex pruinosum (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) during foraging. Oecologia 52:208-213.
    • (1982) Oecologia , vol.52 , pp. 208-213
    • Hölldobler, B.1
  • 33
    • 0019173853 scopus 로고
    • Territorial strategies in ants
    • Hölldobler, B., and C. J. Lumsden. 1980. Territorial strategies in ants. Science 210:732-739.
    • (1980) Science , vol.210 , pp. 732-739
    • Hölldobler, B.1    Lumsden, C.J.2
  • 34
    • 0003954119 scopus 로고
    • Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
    • Hölldobler, B., and E. O. Wilson. 1990. The ants. Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
    • (1990) The Ants
    • Hölldobler, B.1    Wilson, E.O.2
  • 35
    • 0000962754 scopus 로고
    • The distribution of the Argentine ant in northern California
    • Holway, D. A. 1995. The distribution of the Argentine ant in northern California. Conservation Biology 9:1634-1637.
    • (1995) Conservation Biology , vol.9 , pp. 1634-1637
    • Holway, D.A.1
  • 36
    • 0031709438 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of Argentine ant invasions on grounddwelling arthropods in northern California riparian woodlands
    • _. 1998a. Effects of Argentine ant invasions on grounddwelling arthropods in northern California riparian woodlands. Oecologia 116:252-258.
    • (1998) Oecologia , vol.116 , pp. 252-258
  • 37
    • 0031865849 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factors governing rate of invasion: A natural experiment using Argentine ants
    • _. 1998b. Factors governing rate of invasion: a natural experiment using Argentine ants. Oecologia 115:206-212.
    • (1998) Oecologia , vol.115 , pp. 206-212
  • 38
    • 0029667630 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exploitation and interference competition between the invasive Argentine ant, Linepithema humile, and native ant species
    • Human, K. G., and D. M. Gordon. 1996. Exploitation and interference competition between the invasive Argentine ant, Linepithema humile, and native ant species. Oecologia 105:405-412.
    • (1996) Oecologia , vol.105 , pp. 405-412
    • Human, K.G.1    Gordon, D.M.2
  • 40
    • 0031708434 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Species introduction and replacement among mosquitoes: Interspecific resource competition or apparent competition?
    • Juliano, S. A. 1998. Species introduction and replacement among mosquitoes: interspecific resource competition or apparent competition? Ecology 79:255-268.
    • (1998) Ecology , vol.79 , pp. 255-268
    • Juliano, S.A.1
  • 41
    • 0000821280 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Developing a predictive ecology for non-indigenous species and ecological invasions
    • Kareiva, P., editor. 1996. Developing a predictive ecology for non-indigenous species and ecological invasions [Special Feature]. Ecology 77:1651-1697.
    • (1996) Ecology , vol.77 , pp. 1651-1697
    • Kareiva, P.1
  • 42
    • 0000611915 scopus 로고
    • Description of a new artificial diet for rearing ant colonies as Iridomyrmex humilis, Monomorium pharonis and Wasmannia auropunctata (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)
    • Keller, L., D. Cherix, and P. Ulloa-Chacon. 1989. Description of a new artificial diet for rearing ant colonies as Iridomyrmex humilis, Monomorium pharonis and Wasmannia auropunctata (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Insectes Sociaux 36:348-352.
    • (1989) Insectes Sociaux , vol.36 , pp. 348-352
    • Keller, L.1    Cherix, D.2    Ulloa-Chacon, P.3
  • 44
    • 0001346841 scopus 로고
    • Bermudian ants revisited: The status and interaction of Pheidole megacephala and Iridomyrmex humilis
    • Lieberburg, I., P. M. Kranz, and A. Seip. 1975. Bermudian ants revisited: the status and interaction of Pheidole megacephala and Iridomyrmex humilis. Ecology 56:473-478.
    • (1975) Ecology , vol.56 , pp. 473-478
    • Lieberburg, I.1    Kranz, P.M.2    Seip, A.3
  • 45
    • 0000344780 scopus 로고
    • Species invasions and deletions
    • P. M. Kareiva, J. G. Kingsolver, R. B. Huey, editors. Sinauer, Sunderland, Massachusetts, USA
    • Lodge, D. M. 1993. Species invasions and deletions. Pages 367-387 in P. M. Kareiva, J. G. Kingsolver, R. B. Huey, editors. Biotic interactions and global change. Sinauer, Sunderland, Massachusetts, USA.
    • (1993) Biotic Interactions and Global Change , pp. 367-387
    • Lodge, D.M.1
  • 46
    • 84984487320 scopus 로고
    • Foraging patterns of three sympatric forest ant species, Prenolepis imparis, Paratrechina melanderi, and Aphaenogaster rudis
    • Lynch, J. F., E. C. Balinsky, and S. G. Vail. 1980. Foraging patterns of three sympatric forest ant species, Prenolepis imparis, Paratrechina melanderi, and Aphaenogaster rudis. Ecological Entomology 5:353-371.
    • (1980) Ecological Entomology , vol.5 , pp. 353-371
    • Lynch, J.F.1    Balinsky, E.C.2    Vail, S.G.3
  • 47
    • 85126500199 scopus 로고
    • Spread of Argentine ants (Linepithema humile) with special reference to Western Australia
    • D. F. Williams, editor. Westview, Boulder, Colorado, USA
    • Majer, J. D. 1994. Spread of Argentine ants (Linepithema humile) with special reference to Western Australia. Pages 163-173 in D. F. Williams, editor. Exotic ants: biology, impact, and control of introduced species. Westview, Boulder, Colorado, USA.
    • (1994) Exotic Ants: Biology, Impact, and Control of Introduced Species , pp. 163-173
    • Majer, J.D.1
  • 48
    • 0001561695 scopus 로고
    • The seasonal life cycle of the Argentine ant, Iridomyrmex humilis (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), in southern California
    • Markin, G. P. 1970. The seasonal life cycle of the Argentine ant, Iridomyrmex humilis (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), in southern California. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 63:1238-1242.
    • (1970) Annals of the Entomological Society of America , vol.63 , pp. 1238-1242
    • Markin, G.P.1
  • 49
    • 0021534009 scopus 로고
    • Interference and exploitation in ant communities
    • Maurer, B. A. 1984. Interference and exploitation in ant communities. Wilson Bulletin 96:380-395.
    • (1984) Wilson Bulletin , vol.96 , pp. 380-395
    • Maurer, B.A.1
  • 50
    • 0000660913 scopus 로고
    • The history and behavior of a colony of harvester ants
    • Michener, C. D. 1942. The history and behavior of a colony of harvester ants. Science Monthly 55:248-258.
    • (1942) Science Monthly , vol.55 , pp. 248-258
    • Michener, C.D.1
  • 52
    • 0029662611 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Community organization in a recently assembled fauna: The case of Polynesian ants
    • Morrison, L. W. 1996. Community organization in a recently assembled fauna: the case of Polynesian ants. Oecologia 107:243-256.
    • (1996) Oecologia , vol.107 , pp. 243-256
    • Morrison, L.W.1
  • 53
    • 0030618680 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aggressive social foraging of social bees as a mechanism of floral partitioning in an Asian tropical forest
    • Nagamitsu, T., and T. Inoue. 1997. Aggressive social foraging of social bees as a mechanism of floral partitioning in an Asian tropical forest. Oecologia 110:432-439.
    • (1997) Oecologia , vol.110 , pp. 432-439
    • Nagamitsu, T.1    Inoue, T.2
  • 55
    • 0028830094 scopus 로고
    • Competitive dominance of fire ants suppressed by parasitoids
    • Orr, M. R., S. H. Seike, W. W. Benson, and L. E. Gilbert. 1995. Competitive dominance of fire ants suppressed by parasitoids. Nature 373:292-293.
    • (1995) Nature , vol.373 , pp. 292-293
    • Orr, M.R.1    Seike, S.H.2    Benson, W.W.3    Gilbert, L.E.4
  • 56
    • 85126497166 scopus 로고
    • Characteristics of tramp species
    • D. F. Williams, editor. Westview, Boulder, Colorado, USA
    • Passera, L. 1994. Characteristics of tramp species. Pages 23-43 in D. F. Williams, editor. Exotic ants: biology, impact, and control of introduced species. Westview, Boulder, Colorado, USA.
    • (1994) Exotic Ants: Biology, Impact, and Control of Introduced Species , pp. 23-43
    • Passera, L.1
  • 57
    • 0028165251 scopus 로고
    • Foraging behavior as a determinant of asymmetric competitive interaction between two ant species in a tropical agroecosystem
    • Perfecto, I. 1995. Foraging behavior as a determinant of asymmetric competitive interaction between two ant species in a tropical agroecosystem. Oecologia 98:184-192.
    • (1995) Oecologia , vol.98 , pp. 184-192
    • Perfecto, I.1
  • 58
    • 0027341345 scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms in the competitive success of an invading sexual gecko over an asexual native
    • Petren, K., D. Bolger, and T. J. Case. 1993. Mechanisms in the competitive success of an invading sexual gecko over an asexual native. Science 259:354-358.
    • (1993) Science , vol.259 , pp. 354-358
    • Petren, K.1    Bolger, D.2    Case, T.J.3
  • 59
    • 0030404926 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An experimental demonstration of exploitation competition in an ongoing invasion
    • Petren, K., and T. J. Case. 1996. An experimental demonstration of exploitation competition in an ongoing invasion. Ecology 77:118-132.
    • (1996) Ecology , vol.77 , pp. 118-132
    • Petren, K.1    Case, T.J.2
  • 61
    • 0025640731 scopus 로고
    • Invasion of polygyne fire ants decimates native ants and disrupts arthropod community
    • Porter, S. D., and D. A. Savignano. 1990. Invasion of polygyne fire ants decimates native ants and disrupts arthropod community. Ecology 71:2095-2106.
    • (1990) Ecology , vol.71 , pp. 2095-2106
    • Porter, S.D.1    Savignano, D.A.2
  • 62
    • 0000740060 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intercontinental differences in the abundance of Solenopsis fire ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): Escape from natural enemies
    • Porter, S. D., D. F. Williams, R. S. Patterson, and H. G. Fowler. 1997. Intercontinental differences in the abundance of Solenopsis fire ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): escape from natural enemies. Environmental Entomology 26:373-384.
    • (1997) Environmental Entomology , vol.26 , pp. 373-384
    • Porter, S.D.1    Williams, D.F.2    Patterson, R.S.3    Fowler, H.G.4
  • 63
    • 0000625869 scopus 로고
    • Analyzing tables of statistical tests
    • Rice, W. R. 1989. Analyzing tables of statistical tests. Evolution 43:223-225.
    • (1989) Evolution , vol.43 , pp. 223-225
    • Rice, W.R.1
  • 65
    • 34247163759 scopus 로고
    • Competitive interactions between neotropical pollinators and Africanized honey bees
    • Roubik, D. W. 1978. Competitive interactions between neotropical pollinators and Africanized honey bees. Science 201:1030-1032.
    • (1978) Science , vol.201 , pp. 1030-1032
    • Roubik, D.W.1
  • 66
    • 0024248160 scopus 로고
    • A competition hierarchy among boreal ants: Impact on resource partitioning and community structure
    • Savolainen, R., and K. Vepsäläinen. 1988. A competition hierarchy among boreal ants: impact on resource partitioning and community structure. Oikos 51:135-155.
    • (1988) Oikos , vol.51 , pp. 135-155
    • Savolainen, R.1    Vepsäläinen, K.2
  • 67
    • 0024936775 scopus 로고
    • Ant assemblages in the taiga biome: Testing the role of territorial wood ants
    • Savolainen, R., K. Vepsäläinen, and H. Wuorenrinne. 1989. Ant assemblages in the taiga biome: testing the role of territorial wood ants. Oecologia 81:481-486.
    • (1989) Oecologia , vol.81 , pp. 481-486
    • Savolainen, R.1    Vepsäläinen, K.2    Wuorenrinne, H.3
  • 68
    • 0021035999 scopus 로고
    • Competition for nectar between introduced honey bees and native North American bees and ants
    • Schaffer, W. M., D. W. Zeh, S. L. Buchmann, S. Kleinhans, M. V. Schaffer, and J. Antrim. 1983. Competition for nectar between introduced honey bees and native North American bees and ants. Ecology 64:564-577.
    • (1983) Ecology , vol.64 , pp. 564-577
    • Schaffer, W.M.1    Zeh, D.W.2    Buchmann, S.L.3    Kleinhans, S.4    Schaffer, M.V.5    Antrim, J.6
  • 69
    • 0021028349 scopus 로고
    • Field experiments on interspecific competition
    • Schoener, T. W. 1983. Field experiments on interspecific competition. American Naturalist 122:240-285.
    • (1983) American Naturalist , vol.122 , pp. 240-285
    • Schoener, T.W.1
  • 70
    • 0022853792 scopus 로고
    • Mechanistic approaches to community ecology: A new reductionism
    • _. 1986. Mechanistic approaches to community ecology: a new reductionism. American Zoologist 26:81-106.
    • (1986) American Zoologist , vol.26 , pp. 81-106
  • 71
    • 0025658523 scopus 로고
    • Invasion by the variegated leafhopper and biotic interactions: Parasitism, competition, and apparent competition
    • Settle, W., and L. T. Wilson. 1990. Invasion by the variegated leafhopper and biotic interactions: parasitism, competition, and apparent competition. Ecology 71:1461-1470.
    • (1990) Ecology , vol.71 , pp. 1461-1470
    • Settle, W.1    Wilson, L.T.2
  • 72
    • 0008225665 scopus 로고
    • Predicting ecological effects of novel entities: Evidence from higher organisms
    • H. O. Halverson, D. Pramer, and M. Rogul, editors. American Society for Microbiology, Washington, D.C., USA
    • Simberloff, D. 1985. Predicting ecological effects of novel entities: evidence from higher organisms. Pages 152-161 in H. O. Halverson, D. Pramer, and M. Rogul, editors. Engineered organisms in the environment: scientific issues. American Society for Microbiology, Washington, D.C., USA.
    • (1985) Engineered Organisms in the Environment: Scientific Issues , pp. 152-161
    • Simberloff, D.1
  • 73
    • 0003033809 scopus 로고
    • Keystone species and community effects of biological invasions
    • L. R. Ginzburg, editor. Butterworth-Heinemann, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
    • _. 1991. Keystone species and community effects of biological invasions. Pages 1-19 in L. R. Ginzburg, editor. Assessing ecological risks of biotechnology. Butterworth-Heinemann, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
    • (1991) Assessing Ecological Risks of Biotechnology , pp. 1-19
  • 74
    • 0031717124 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of fragmentation and invasion on the native ant community in coastal southern California
    • in press
    • Suarez, A. V., D. T. Bolger, and T. J. Case. 1998. The effects of fragmentation and invasion on the native ant community in coastal southern California. Ecology 79(6), in press.
    • (1998) Ecology , vol.79 , Issue.6
    • Suarez, A.V.1    Bolger, D.T.2    Case, T.J.3
  • 76
    • 0001534289 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing why two species of introduced Conyza differ in their ability to invade Mediterranean old fields
    • Thébaud, C., A. C. Finzi, L. Affre, M. Debussche, and J. Escarre. 1996. Assessing why two species of introduced Conyza differ in their ability to invade Mediterranean old fields. Ecology 77:791-804.
    • (1996) Ecology , vol.77 , pp. 791-804
    • Thébaud, C.1    Finzi, A.C.2    Affre, L.3    Debussche, M.4    Escarre, J.5
  • 78
    • 0027332484 scopus 로고
    • Sociometry and sociogenesis of colonies of the fire ant Solenopsis invicta during one annual cycle
    • Tschinkel, W. 1993. Sociometry and sociogenesis of colonies of the fire ant Solenopsis invicta during one annual cycle. Ecological Monographs 63:425-457.
    • (1993) Ecological Monographs , vol.63 , pp. 425-457
    • Tschinkel, W.1
  • 81
    • 0023529105 scopus 로고
    • Distribution of the introduced Argentine ant (Iridomyrmex humilis) in natural habitats of the lower Sacramento River Valley and its effects on the indigenous ant fauna
    • Ward, P. S. 1987. Distribution of the introduced Argentine ant (Iridomyrmex humilis) in natural habitats of the lower Sacramento River Valley and its effects on the indigenous ant fauna. Hilgardia 55(2):1-16.
    • (1987) Hilgardia , vol.55 , Issue.2 , pp. 1-16
    • Ward, P.S.1
  • 82
    • 0001528798 scopus 로고
    • Mutualism between ants and honeydew-producing Homoptera
    • Way, M. J. 1963. Mutualism between ants and honeydew-producing Homoptera. Annual Review of Entomology 8: 307-344.
    • (1963) Annual Review of Entomology , vol.8 , pp. 307-344
    • Way, M.J.1
  • 84
    • 0004101413 scopus 로고
    • Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
    • Wilson, E. O. 1971. The insect societies. Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
    • (1971) The Insect Societies
    • Wilson, E.O.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.