메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 12, Issue 1, 1999, Pages 27-37

Proximate determination of male horn dimorphism in the beetle Onthophagus taurus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)

Author keywords

Allometry; Male dimorphism; Onthophagus; Plasticity; Polyphenism

Indexed keywords

BEETLE; ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR; EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY; GENETICS; GROWTH FORM; SECONDARY SEXUAL CHARACTERISTICS;

EID: 0032949457     PISSN: 1010061X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1046/j.1420-9101.1999.00004.x     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (201)

References (96)
  • 3
    • 0017347909 scopus 로고
    • When is sex environmentally determined?
    • Charnov, E.L. & Bull, J.J. 1977. When is sex environmentally determined? Nature 266: 828-830.
    • (1977) Nature , vol.266 , pp. 828-830
    • Charnov, E.L.1    Bull, J.J.2
  • 4
    • 85011693101 scopus 로고
    • Genetic and environmental factors influencing pupal color in the swordtail butterflies Battus philenor (L.) and Papilio polystes (L.)
    • Clarke, C.A. & Sheppard, P.M. 1972. Genetic and environmental factors influencing pupal color in the swordtail butterflies Battus philenor (L.) and Papilio polystes (L.). J. Entomol. 46: 123-133.
    • (1972) J. Entomol. , vol.46 , pp. 123-133
    • Clarke, C.A.1    Sheppard, P.M.2
  • 5
    • 84970585356 scopus 로고
    • Sexual selection in dung beetles. I. A multivariate study of morphological variation in two species of Onthophagus
    • Cook, D. 1987. Sexual selection in dung beetles. I. A multivariate study of morphological variation in two species of Onthophagus. Austr. J. Zool. 35: 123-132.
    • (1987) Austr. J. Zool. , vol.35 , pp. 123-132
    • Cook, D.1
  • 6
    • 0025674852 scopus 로고
    • Differences in courtship, mating and postcopulatory behavior between male morphs of the dung beetle Onthophagus binodis Thunberg Coleoptera. Scarabaeidae
    • Cook, D. 1990. Differences in courtship, mating and postcopulatory behavior between male morphs of the dung beetle Onthophagus binodis Thunberg Coleoptera. Scarabaeidae. Anim. Behav. 40: 428-436.
    • (1990) Anim. Behav. , vol.40 , pp. 428-436
    • Cook, D.1
  • 8
    • 0002008233 scopus 로고
    • Survey of amphibian metamorphosis
    • W. Etkin and L. I. Gilbert, eds. Appleton Century Crofts, New York
    • Dent, J.N. 1968. Survey of amphibian metamorphosis. In: Metamorphosis: a Problem in Developmental Biology (W. Etkin and L. I. Gilbert, eds), pp. 271-311. Appleton Century Crofts, New York.
    • (1968) Metamorphosis: A Problem in Developmental Biology , pp. 271-311
    • Dent, J.N.1
  • 9
    • 0008244117 scopus 로고
    • The rhinoceros beetle Oryctes rhinoceros in Samoa
    • Doane, R.W. 1913. The rhinoceros beetle Oryctes rhinoceros in Samoa. J. Econ. Entom. 6: 437-442.
    • (1913) J. Econ. Entom. , vol.6 , pp. 437-442
    • Doane, R.W.1
  • 10
    • 77957206206 scopus 로고
    • Alternative mating tactics and evolutionary stable strategies
    • Dominey, W.J. 1984. Alternative mating tactics and evolutionary stable strategies. Am. Zool. 24: 385-396.
    • (1984) Am. Zool. , vol.24 , pp. 385-396
    • Dominey, W.J.1
  • 11
    • 84958301832 scopus 로고
    • Fighting behavior of male Golofa porteri beetles (Scarabaeidae. Dynastinae)
    • Eberhard, W.G. 1978. Fighting behavior of male Golofa porteri beetles (Scarabaeidae. Dynastinae). Psyche 83: 292-298.
    • (1978) Psyche , vol.83 , pp. 292-298
    • Eberhard, W.G.1
  • 12
    • 0000151820 scopus 로고
    • The functions of horns in Podischnus agenor Dynastinae and other beetles
    • M. S. Blum and N. A. Blum, eds. Academic Press, New York
    • Eberhard, W.G. 1979. The functions of horns in Podischnus agenor Dynastinae and other beetles. In: Sexual Selection and Reproductive Competition in Insects (M. S. Blum and N. A. Blum, eds), pp. 231-258. Academic Press, New York.
    • (1979) Sexual Selection and Reproductive Competition in Insects , pp. 231-258
    • Eberhard, W.G.1
  • 13
    • 0001325778 scopus 로고
    • The natural history of Doryphora sp. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and the function of its sternal horn
    • Eberhard, W.D. 1981. The natural history of Doryphora sp. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and the function of its sternal horn. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 74: 445-448.
    • (1981) Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. , vol.74 , pp. 445-448
    • Eberhard, W.D.1
  • 14
    • 0000895463 scopus 로고
    • Beetle horn dimorphism. Making the best of a bad lot
    • Eberhard, W.G. 1982. Beetle horn dimorphism. Making the best of a bad lot. Am. Nat. 119: 420-426.
    • (1982) Am. Nat. , vol.119 , pp. 420-426
    • Eberhard, W.G.1
  • 15
    • 0001759684 scopus 로고
    • Use of horns in fights by the dimorphic males of Ageopsis nigicollis Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae. Dynastinae
    • Eberhard, W.G. 1987. Use of horns in fights by the dimorphic males of Ageopsis nigicollis Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae. Dynastinae. J. Kans. Ent. Soc. 60: 504-509.
    • (1987) J. Kans. Ent. Soc. , vol.60 , pp. 504-509
    • Eberhard, W.G.1
  • 16
    • 0025994529 scopus 로고
    • Male dimorphism in beetles and earwigs and the question of developmental constraints
    • Eberhard, W.G. & Gutierrez, E. 1991. Male dimorphism in beetles and earwigs and the question of developmental constraints. Evolution 45: 18-28.
    • (1991) Evolution , vol.45 , pp. 18-28
    • Eberhard, W.G.1    Gutierrez, E.2
  • 17
    • 0028254121 scopus 로고
    • Environmental control of horn length dimorphism in the beetle Onthophagus acuminatus Coleoptera. Scarabaeidae
    • Emlen, D.J. 1994a. Environmental control of horn length dimorphism in the beetle Onthophagus acuminatus Coleoptera. Scarabaeidae. Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond., Ser. B 256: 131-136.
    • (1994) Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond., Ser. B , vol.256 , pp. 131-136
    • Emlen, D.J.1
  • 19
    • 0030442484 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Artificial selection on horn length-body size allometry in the horned beetle Onthophagus acuminatus Coleoptera. Scarabaeidae
    • Emlen, D.J. 1996. Artificial selection on horn length-body size allometry in the horned beetle Onthophagus acuminatus Coleoptera. Scarabaeidae). Evolution 50: 1219-1230.
    • (1996) Evolution , vol.50 , pp. 1219-1230
    • Emlen, D.J.1
  • 20
    • 0030732376 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alternative reproductive tactics and male dimorphism in the horned beetle Onthophagus acuminatus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)
    • Emlen, D.J. 1997. Alternative reproductive tactics and male dimorphism in the horned beetle Onthophagus acuminatus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 41: 335-341.
    • (1997) Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. , vol.41 , pp. 335-341
    • Emlen, D.J.1
  • 21
    • 0004313306 scopus 로고
    • Souvenirs Entomologiques, Paris. Excerpts translated by de A. T. de Mattos
    • Hodder and Stoughton, London
    • Fabre, J.H. 1899. Souvenirs Entomologiques, Paris. Excerpts translated by de A. T. de Mattos. In: More Beetles, 1922. Hodder and Stoughton, London.
    • (1899) More Beetles, 1922
    • Fabre, J.H.1
  • 23
    • 0000003844 scopus 로고
    • A European dung beetle, Onthophagus taurus Schreber, new to the U.S. (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)
    • Fincher, G.T. & Woodruff, R.E. 1975. A European dung beetle, Onthophagus taurus Schreber, new to the U.S. (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). Coleopterists Bull. 29: 349-350.
    • (1975) Coleopterists Bull , vol.29 , pp. 349-350
    • Fincher, G.T.1    Woodruff, R.E.2
  • 24
    • 0000529533 scopus 로고
    • Male dimorphism as a consequence of natural selection
    • Gadgil, M. 1972. Male dimorphism as a consequence of natural selection. Am. Nat. 106: 574-580.
    • (1972) Am. Nat. , vol.106 , pp. 574-580
    • Gadgil, M.1
  • 25
    • 0000309982 scopus 로고
    • Sulla fonte di allimentazione e sulla microflora aerobica del nido pedotrofico e dell'apparato digerente delle larve di Scarabei coprofagi Coleoptera Scarabaeidae
    • Goidanich, A. & Malan, C.E. 1962. Sulla fonte di allimentazione e sulla microflora aerobica del nido pedotrofico e dell'apparato digerente delle larve di Scarabei coprofagi Coleoptera Scarabaeidae. Atti Acad. Sc. Torino 96: 575-628.
    • (1962) Atti Acad. Sc. Torino , vol.96 , pp. 575-628
    • Goidanich, A.1    Malan, C.E.2
  • 26
    • 0000503391 scopus 로고
    • Sulla nidificatione pedotrofica di alcune specie di Onthophagus europei e sulla microflora aerobica dell'apparato digerente delle larve di Onthophagus taurus Schreber Coleoptera Scarabaeidae
    • Goidanich, A. & Malan, C.E. 1964. Sulla nidificatione pedotrofica di alcune specie di Onthophagus europei e sulla microflora aerobica dell'apparato digerente delle larve di Onthophagus taurus Schreber Coleoptera Scarabaeidae. Ann. Fac. Sc. Agr. University Torino 2: 213-378.
    • (1964) Ann. Fac. Sc. Agr. University Torino , vol.2 , pp. 213-378
    • Goidanich, A.1    Malan, C.E.2
  • 27
    • 0024525467 scopus 로고
    • A diet induced developmental polymorphism in a caterpillar
    • Greene, E. 1989. A diet induced developmental polymorphism in a caterpillar. Science 243: 643-646.
    • (1989) Science , vol.243 , pp. 643-646
    • Greene, E.1
  • 28
    • 0030024602 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alternative reproductive strategies and tactics: Diversity within sexes
    • Gross, M.R. 1996. Alternative reproductive strategies and tactics: diversity within sexes. Trends Ecol. Evol. 11: 92-98.
    • (1996) Trends Ecol. Evol. , vol.11 , pp. 92-98
    • Gross, M.R.1
  • 29
    • 0024182824 scopus 로고
    • Aestival dormancy in the cabbage moth Mamestria brassicae L. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). I. Adaptive significance of variability of two traits: Day length thresholds triggering aestival dormancy, and duration of aestival dormancy
    • Gruner, C. & Sauer, K.P. 1988. Aestival dormancy in the cabbage moth Mamestria brassicae L. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). I. Adaptive significance of variability of two traits: Day length thresholds triggering aestival dormancy, and duration of aestival dormancy. Oecologia 74: 515-523.
    • (1988) Oecologia , vol.74 , pp. 515-523
    • Gruner, C.1    Sauer, K.P.2
  • 31
    • 0000817078 scopus 로고
    • Wingless and fighting males in fig wasps and other insects
    • M. S. Blum and N. A. Blum, eds, Academic Press, New York
    • Hamilton, W.D. 1979. Wingless and fighting males in fig wasps and other insects. In: Sexual Selection and Reproductive Competition in Insects (M. S. Blum and N. A. Blum, eds), pp. 167-220. Academic Press, New York.
    • (1979) Sexual Selection and Reproductive Competition in Insects , pp. 167-220
    • Hamilton, W.D.1
  • 33
    • 0023504303 scopus 로고
    • Density-dependent paedomorphosis in the salamander Notophthalmus viridescens vulgaris
    • Harris, R.N. 1987. Density-dependent paedomorphosis in the salamander Notophthalmus viridescens vulgaris. Ecology 68: 705-712.
    • (1987) Ecology , vol.68 , pp. 705-712
    • Harris, R.N.1
  • 34
    • 0000461897 scopus 로고
    • Flight polymorphism in the field cricket Gryllus pensylvannicus
    • Harrison, R.G. 1979. Flight polymorphism in the field cricket Gryllus pensylvannicus. Oecologia 40: 125-132.
    • (1979) Oecologia , vol.40 , pp. 125-132
    • Harrison, R.G.1
  • 36
    • 0000730767 scopus 로고
    • The ecology and evolution of inducible defenses in a marine bryozoan. Cues, costs, consequences
    • Harvell, C.D. 1986. The ecology and evolution of inducible defenses in a marine bryozoan. Cues, costs, consequences. Am. Nat. 128: 810-823.
    • (1986) Am. Nat. , vol.128 , pp. 810-823
    • Harvell, C.D.1
  • 37
    • 0025529182 scopus 로고
    • A polygenic model for the evolution and maintenance of conditional strategies
    • Hazel, W.N., Smock, R. & Johnson, M.D. 1990. A polygenic model for the evolution and maintenance of conditional strategies. Proc. R. Soc. Lond., Ser. B 242: 181-187.
    • (1990) Proc. R. Soc. Lond., Ser. B , vol.242 , pp. 181-187
    • Hazel, W.N.1    Smock, R.2    Johnson, M.D.3
  • 38
    • 84966177703 scopus 로고
    • Pupal color dimorphism in swordtail butterflies as a threshold trait: Selection in Eurytides marcellus (Cramer)
    • Hazel, W.N. & West, D.A. 1982. Pupal color dimorphism in swordtail butterflies as a threshold trait: Selection in Eurytides marcellus (Cramer). Heredity 49: 295-301.
    • (1982) Heredity , vol.49 , pp. 295-301
    • Hazel, W.N.1    West, D.A.2
  • 39
    • 0003954119 scopus 로고
    • Harvard University Press., Cambridge, Massachusetts
    • Hölldobler, B. & Wilson, E.O. 1990. The Ants. Harvard University Press., Cambridge, Massachusetts.
    • (1990) The Ants
    • Hölldobler, B.1    Wilson, E.O.2
  • 40
    • 0002748110 scopus 로고
    • Scarab beetles of the genus Onthophagus Latreille north of Mexico (Coleoptera. Scarabaeidae)
    • Howden, H.F. & Cartwright, O.L. 1963. Scarab beetles of the genus Onthophagus Latreille north of Mexico (Coleoptera. Scarabaeidae). Proc. United States Natl. Museum 114: 1-135.
    • (1963) Proc. United States Natl. Museum , vol.114 , pp. 1-135
    • Howden, H.F.1    Cartwright, O.L.2
  • 41
    • 0030843529 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patterns of fluctuating asymmetry in beetle horns: An experimental examination of the honest signalling hypothesis
    • Hunt, J. & Simmons, L.W. 1997. Patterns of fluctuating asymmetry in beetle horns: an experimental examination of the honest signalling hypothesis. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 41: 109-114.
    • (1997) Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. , vol.41 , pp. 109-114
    • Hunt, J.1    Simmons, L.W.2
  • 42
    • 0004152749 scopus 로고
    • Reprints John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, 1993
    • Huxley, J.S. 1932. Problems of Relative Growth. Reprints John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, 1993.
    • (1932) Problems of Relative Growth
    • Huxley, J.S.1
  • 43
    • 0000143699 scopus 로고
    • The sex determining mechanism of the poeciliid fish, Xiphophorus montezumae, and the genetic control of the sexual maturation process and adult size
    • Kallman, K.D. 1983. The sex determining mechanism of the poeciliid fish, Xiphophorus montezumae, and the genetic control of the sexual maturation process and adult size. Copeia 1983: 733-769.
    • (1983) Copeia , vol.1983 , pp. 733-769
    • Kallman, K.D.1
  • 44
    • 0002639215 scopus 로고
    • A new look at sex determination in poeciliid fishes
    • B. J. Turner, ed., Plenum Press, New York
    • Kallman, K.D. 1984. A new look at sex determination in poeciliid fishes. In: Evolutionary Genetics of Fishes (B. J. Turner, ed.), pp. 95-171. Plenum Press, New York.
    • (1984) Evolutionary Genetics of Fishes , pp. 95-171
    • Kallman, K.D.1
  • 45
    • 0000822657 scopus 로고
    • Genetic control of size at maturity in Xiphophorus
    • G. K. Meffeand and F. F. Snelson Jr, eds, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs
    • Kallman, K.D. 1989. Genetic control of size at maturity in Xiphophorus. In: Ecology and Evolution of Life Bearing Fishes (Poeciliidae) (G. K. Meffeand and F. F. Snelson Jr, eds), pp. 163-184. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs.
    • (1989) Ecology and Evolution of Life Bearing Fishes (Poeciliidae) , pp. 163-184
    • Kallman, K.D.1
  • 46
    • 0001846558 scopus 로고
    • Horn and wing allometry and male dimorphism in giant rhinoceros beetles (Coleoptera. Scarabaeidae)
    • Kawano, K. 1995. Horn and wing allometry and male dimorphism in giant rhinoceros beetles (Coleoptera. Scarabaeidae). Trop. Asia Am. Ent. Soc. Am. 88: 92-99.
    • (1995) Trop. Asia Am. Ent. Soc. Am. , vol.88 , pp. 92-99
    • Kawano, K.1
  • 47
    • 0008202117 scopus 로고
    • L'Evolution des ornaments sexuels
    • Lameere, A. 1904. L'Evolution des ornaments sexuels. Bull. Ac. Belgique 1904: 1327-1364.
    • (1904) Bull. Ac. Belgique , vol.1904 , pp. 1327-1364
    • Lameere, A.1
  • 48
    • 0028824407 scopus 로고
    • Genetic polymorphism for alternative mating behavior in lekking male ruff Philomachus pugnax
    • Lank, D.B., Smith, C.M., Hanotte, O., Burke, T. & Cooke, F. 1995. Genetic polymorphism for alternative mating behavior in lekking male ruff Philomachus pugnax. Nature 78: 59-62.
    • (1995) Nature , vol.78 , pp. 59-62
    • Lank, D.B.1    Smith, C.M.2    Hanotte, O.3    Burke, T.4    Cooke, F.5
  • 50
    • 0022825916 scopus 로고
    • Predator-induced shell dimorphism in the acorn barnacle Chtamalus anisopoma
    • Lively, C.M. 1986a. Predator-induced shell dimorphism in the acorn barnacle Chtamalus anisopoma. Evolution 40: 232-242.
    • (1986) Evolution , vol.40 , pp. 232-242
    • Lively, C.M.1
  • 51
    • 0022836685 scopus 로고
    • Competition, comparative life histories, and maintenance of shell dimorphism in a barnacle
    • Lively, C.M. 1986b. Competition, comparative life histories, and maintenance of shell dimorphism in a barnacle. Ecology 67: 858-864.
    • (1986) Ecology , vol.67 , pp. 858-864
    • Lively, C.M.1
  • 52
    • 0021562969 scopus 로고
    • Variation strategies of plants in heterogeneous environments
    • Lloyd, D.G. 1984. Variation strategies of plants in heterogeneous environments. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 21: 357-385.
    • (1984) Biol. J. Linn. Soc. , vol.21 , pp. 357-385
    • Lloyd, D.G.1
  • 53
    • 0343489638 scopus 로고
    • Notes on the metamorphosis of Onthophagus taurus L
    • Main, H. 1922. Notes on the metamorphosis of Onthophagus taurus L. Proc. Entomol. Soc. Lond. 1922: 14-16.
    • (1922) Proc. Entomol. Soc. Lond. , vol.1922 , pp. 14-16
    • Main, H.1
  • 54
    • 0002258439 scopus 로고
    • A revision of the scrabaeinae dung beetles of Australia. I. Tribe Onthophagini
    • Matthews, E.G. 1972. A revision of the scrabaeinae dung beetles of Australia. I. Tribe Onthophagini. Austr. J. Zool. (Suppl.) Ser. 9: 1-330.
    • (1972) Austr. J. Zool. (Suppl.) Ser. , vol.9 , pp. 1-330
    • Matthews, E.G.1
  • 57
    • 0026591963 scopus 로고
    • The evolutionary maintenance of alternative phenotypes
    • Moran, N. 1992. The evolutionary maintenance of alternative phenotypes. Am. Nat 139: 971-989.
    • (1992) Am. Nat , vol.139 , pp. 971-989
    • Moran, N.1
  • 58
    • 0000490391 scopus 로고
    • Intra- and intersexual interactions at breeding burrows in the horned beetle, Coprophaneus ensifer
    • Otronen, M. 1988. Intra-and intersexual interactions at breeding burrows in the horned beetle, Coprophaneus ensifer. Anim. Behav. 36: 741-748.
    • (1988) Anim. Behav. , vol.36 , pp. 741-748
    • Otronen, M.1
  • 59
    • 0000502646 scopus 로고
    • A homed beetle which fights
    • Palmer, T.J. 1978. A homed beetle which fights. Nature 274: 583-584.
    • (1978) Nature , vol.274 , pp. 583-584
    • Palmer, T.J.1
  • 60
    • 0025587155 scopus 로고
    • The adaptive significance of an environmentally-cued developmental switch in an anuran tadpole
    • Pfennig, D. 1990. The adaptive significance of an environmentally-cued developmental switch in an anuran tadpole. Oecologia 85: 101-107.
    • (1990) Oecologia , vol.85 , pp. 101-107
    • Pfennig, D.1
  • 61
    • 0027091072 scopus 로고
    • Polyphenism in spadefoot toad tadpoles as a locally adjusted evolutionarily stable strategy
    • Pfennig, D. 1992a. Polyphenism in spadefoot toad tadpoles as a locally adjusted evolutionarily stable strategy. Evolution 46: 1408-1420.
    • (1992) Evolution , vol.46 , pp. 1408-1420
    • Pfennig, D.1
  • 62
    • 0027036652 scopus 로고
    • Proximate and functional causes of polyphenism in an anuran tadpole
    • Pfennig, D. 1992b. Proximate and functional causes of polyphenism in an anuran tadpole. Funct. Ecol. 6: 167-174.
    • (1992) Funct. Ecol. , vol.6 , pp. 167-174
    • Pfennig, D.1
  • 63
    • 0028005539 scopus 로고
    • The influence of horn and body size on the reproductive behavior of the horned rainbow scarab beetle Phanaeus difformis (Coleoptera. Scarabaeidae)
    • Rasmussen, J.L. 1994. The influence of horn and body size on the reproductive behavior of the horned rainbow scarab beetle Phanaeus difformis (Coleoptera. Scarabaeidae). J. Ins. Behav. 7: 67-82.
    • (1994) J. Ins. Behav. , vol.7 , pp. 67-82
    • Rasmussen, J.L.1
  • 64
    • 0027958363 scopus 로고
    • The evolution of dimorphic traits: Predicting the genetic correlation between environments
    • Roff, D.A. 1994a. The evolution of dimorphic traits: predicting the genetic correlation between environments. Genetics 136: 395-401.
    • (1994) Genetics , vol.136 , pp. 395-401
    • Roff, D.A.1
  • 65
    • 0027996010 scopus 로고
    • The evolution of dimorphic traits: Effects of directional selection on heritability
    • Roff, D.A. 1994b. The evolution of dimorphic traits: effects of directional selection on heritability. Heredity 71: 36-41.
    • (1994) Heredity , vol.71 , pp. 36-41
    • Roff, D.A.1
  • 66
    • 0024928227 scopus 로고
    • 'Alternative' mating behavior in the swordtails Xiphophorus nigrensis and Xiphophorus pygmaeus (Pisces. Poeciliidae)
    • Ryan, M.J. & Causey, B.A. 1987. 'Alternative' mating behavior in the swordtails Xiphophorus nigrensis and Xiphophorus pygmaeus (Pisces. Poeciliidae). Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 24: 341-348.
    • (1987) Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. , vol.24 , pp. 341-348
    • Ryan, M.J.1    Causey, B.A.2
  • 67
    • 0026495896 scopus 로고
    • A genetic polymorphism in the swordtail Xiphophorus nigrensis. Testing the prediction of equal fitnesses
    • Ryan, M.J., Pease, C.M. & Morris, M.R. 1992. A genetic polymorphism in the swordtail Xiphophorus nigrensis. Testing the prediction of equal fitnesses. Am. Nat. 139: 21-31.
    • (1992) Am. Nat. , vol.139 , pp. 21-31
    • Ryan, M.J.1    Pease, C.M.2    Morris, M.R.3
  • 68
    • 37049184680 scopus 로고
    • Asymmetries in mating preferences between species: Female swordtails prefer heterospecific mates
    • Ryan, M.J. & Wagner, W.E. 1987. Asymmetries in mating preferences between species: female swordtails prefer heterospecific mates. Science 236: 595-597.
    • (1987) Science , vol.236 , pp. 595-597
    • Ryan, M.J.1    Wagner, W.E.2
  • 69
    • 0029108658 scopus 로고
    • Gene regulation, quantitative genetics and the evolution of reaction norms
    • Schlichting, C.D. & Pigliucci, M. 1995. Gene regulation, quantitative genetics and the evolution of reaction norms. Evol. Ecol. 9: 154-168.
    • (1995) Evol. Ecol. , vol.9 , pp. 154-168
    • Schlichting, C.D.1    Pigliucci, M.2
  • 71
    • 0025685858 scopus 로고
    • Paedomorphosis in Ambystoma talypoideum: Maintenance of population variation and alternative life-history pathways
    • Semlitsch, R.D., Harris, R.N. & Wilbur, H.M. 1990. Paedomorphosis in Ambystoma talypoideum: maintenance of population variation and alternative life-history pathways. Evolution 44: 1604-1613.
    • (1990) Evolution , vol.44 , pp. 1604-1613
    • Semlitsch, R.D.1    Harris, R.N.2    Wilbur, H.M.3
  • 72
    • 0000886463 scopus 로고
    • Artificial selection for paedomorphosis in the salamander Ambystoma talypoideum
    • Semlitsch, R.D. & Wibur, H.M. 1989. Artificial selection for paedomorphosis in the salamander Ambystoma talypoideum. Evolution 43: 105-112.
    • (1989) Evolution , vol.43 , pp. 105-112
    • Semlitsch, R.D.1    Wibur, H.M.2
  • 73
    • 0001245157 scopus 로고
    • Seasonal polyphenism
    • Shapiro, A.M. 1976. Seasonal polyphenism. Evol. Biol. 9: 259-333.
    • (1976) Evol. Biol. , vol.9 , pp. 259-333
    • Shapiro, A.M.1
  • 74
    • 0000953862 scopus 로고
    • Male alternative reproductive strategies in a male isopod crustacean Paracerceis sculpta. The use of genetic markers to measure differences in fertilization success among alpha-, beta-, and gamma-males
    • Shuster, S.M. 1989. Male alternative reproductive strategies in a male isopod crustacean Paracerceis sculpta. The use of genetic markers to measure differences in fertilization success among alpha-, beta-, and gamma-males. Evolution 43: 1683-1698.
    • (1989) Evolution , vol.43 , pp. 1683-1698
    • Shuster, S.M.1
  • 75
    • 0026082255 scopus 로고
    • Equal mating success among male reproductive strategies in a marine isopod
    • Shuster, S.M. & Wade, M.J. 1991. Equal mating success among male reproductive strategies in a marine isopod. Nature 350: 608-610.
    • (1991) Nature , vol.350 , pp. 608-610
    • Shuster, S.M.1    Wade, M.J.2
  • 76
    • 84966182011 scopus 로고
    • The genetic and environmental basis for pupal color dimorphism in Papilio zelicaon (Lepidoptera. Papilionidae)
    • Sims, S.R. 1983. The genetic and environmental basis for pupal color dimorphism in Papilio zelicaon (Lepidoptera. Papilionidae). Heredity 50: 159-168.
    • (1983) Heredity , vol.50 , pp. 159-168
    • Sims, S.R.1
  • 77
    • 0000393226 scopus 로고
    • Mate securing tactics and the costs of fighting in the japanese horned beetle, Allomyrina dichotoma L. (Scarabaeidae)
    • Siva-Jothy, M.T. 1987. Mate securing tactics and the costs of fighting in the japanese horned beetle, Allomyrina dichotoma L. (Scarabaeidae). J. Ethol. 5: 165-172.
    • (1987) J. Ethol. , vol.5 , pp. 165-172
    • Siva-Jothy, M.T.1
  • 78
    • 0027171686 scopus 로고
    • Disruptive selection and the genetic basis of bill size polymorphism in the african finch Pyrenestes
    • Smith, T.B. 1993. Disruptive selection and the genetic basis of bill size polymorphism in the african finch Pyrenestes. Nature 363: 616-620.
    • (1993) Nature , vol.363 , pp. 616-620
    • Smith, T.B.1
  • 79
    • 0002097303 scopus 로고
    • The role of development in the evolution of life histories
    • J. T. Bonner, ed., Springer-Verlag, Berlin
    • Stearns, S.C. 1982. The role of development in the evolution of life histories. In: Evolution and Development (J. T. Bonner, ed.), pp. 237-258. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
    • (1982) Evolution and Development , pp. 237-258
    • Stearns, S.C.1
  • 81
    • 0011137632 scopus 로고
    • Toward a theory for the timing of hibernal diapause
    • F. F. Taylor and R. Karban, eds, Springer-Verlag, Berlin
    • Taylor, F. 1986. Toward a theory for the timing of hibernal diapause. In: The Evolution of Insect Life Cycles (F. F. Taylor and R. Karban, eds), pp. 236-257. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
    • (1986) The Evolution of Insect Life Cycles , pp. 236-257
    • Taylor, F.1
  • 82
    • 0000652170 scopus 로고
    • Panorpa (Mecoptera: Panorpidae) Scorpionfies: Systems for understanding resource-defense polygyny and alternative male reproductive efforts
    • Thornhill, R. 1981. Panorpa (Mecoptera: Panorpidae) Scorpionfies: systems for understanding resource-defense polygyny and alternative male reproductive efforts. Ann. Rev. Syst. 12: 355-386.
    • (1981) Ann. Rev. Syst. , vol.12 , pp. 355-386
    • Thornhill, R.1
  • 83
    • 0030457831 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dimorphism and fluctuating asymmetry in the forceps of male earwigs
    • Tomkins, J.L. & Simmons, L.W. 1996. Dimorphism and fluctuating asymmetry in the forceps of male earwigs. J. Evol. Biol. 9: 753-770.
    • (1996) J. Evol. Biol. , vol.9 , pp. 753-770
    • Tomkins, J.L.1    Simmons, L.W.2
  • 86
    • 0024871673 scopus 로고
    • Phenotypic plasticity and the origins of diversity
    • West-Eberhard, M.J. 1989. Phenotypic plasticity and the origins of diversity. Ann. Rev. Ecol.. Syst. 20: 249-278.
    • (1989) Ann. Rev. Ecol.. Syst. , vol.20 , pp. 249-278
    • West-Eberhard, M.J.1
  • 88
    • 49049122429 scopus 로고
    • Soldier determination in Pheidole bicarinata. Effect of methophrene on caste and size within castes
    • Wheeler, D.E. & Nijhout, H.F. 1983. Soldier determination in Pheidole bicarinata. Effect of methophrene on caste and size within castes. J. Ins. Physiol. 29: 847-854.
    • (1983) J. Ins. Physiol. , vol.29 , pp. 847-854
    • Wheeler, D.E.1    Nijhout, H.F.2
  • 89
    • 0000484331 scopus 로고
    • Soldier determination in the ant Pheidole bicarinata. Inhibition by adult sodiers
    • Wheeler, D.E. & Nijhout, H.F. 1984. Soldier determination in the ant Pheidole bicarinata. Inhibition by adult sodiers. J. Ins. Physiol. 30: 127-135.
    • (1984) J. Ins. Physiol. , vol.30 , pp. 127-135
    • Wheeler, D.E.1    Nijhout, H.F.2
  • 90
    • 0028154413 scopus 로고
    • Evolution of facultative paedomorphosis on salamanders
    • Whiteman, H.H. 1994. Evolution of facultative paedomorphosis on salamanders. Q. Rev. Biol. 69: 205-222.
    • (1994) Q. Rev. Biol. , vol.69 , pp. 205-222
    • Whiteman, H.H.1
  • 92
    • 0242449336 scopus 로고
    • Ecological aspects of amphibian metamorphosis
    • Wilbur, H.M. & Collins, J.P. 1973. Ecological aspects of amphibian metamorphosis. Sciencevid> 182: 1305-1314.
    • (1973) Sciencevid> , vol.182 , pp. 1305-1314
    • Wilbur, H.M.1    Collins, J.P.2
  • 93
    • 0004101413 scopus 로고
    • Belknap Press. Cambridge, Massachusetts
    • Wilson, E.O. 1971. The Insect Societies. Belknap Press. Cambridge, Massachusetts.
    • (1971) The Insect Societies
    • Wilson, E.O.1
  • 95
    • 0030231374 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of juvenile hormone and juvenile hormone esterase in wing morph determination in Modicogryllus confirmatus
    • Zera, A.J. & Tanaka, S. 1996. The role of juvenile hormone and juvenile hormone esterase in wing morph determination in Modicogryllus confirmatus. J. Insect. Physiol. 42: 909-915.
    • (1996) J. Insect. Physiol. , vol.42 , pp. 909-915
    • Zera, A.J.1    Tanaka, S.2
  • 96
    • 0024873120 scopus 로고
    • Genetic basis for alternative reproductive tactics in the pigmy swordtail, Xiphophorus nigrensis
    • Zimmerer, E.J. & Kallman, K.D. 1989. Genetic basis for alternative reproductive tactics in the pigmy swordtail, Xiphophorus nigrensis. Evolution 43: 1298-1207.
    • (1989) Evolution , vol.43 , pp. 1298-11207
    • Zimmerer, E.J.1    Kallman, K.D.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.