Treatment of cardiac arrhythmias during pregnancy. Safety considerations

Drug Safety

Volumn 20, Issue 1, 1999, Pages 85-94

  Joglar, Jose A ^a   Page, Richard L ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS SOUTHWESTERN MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS SOUTHWESTERN MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTIARRHYTHMIC AGENT; BETA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; FLECAINIDE; LIDOCAINE; PHENYTOIN; PROCAINAMIDE; QUINIDINE;

ARTICLE; CARDIOVERSION; CONGENITAL MALFORMATION; CONSERVATIVE TREATMENT; DEFIBRILLATOR; DRUG BLOOD LEVEL; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG SAFETY; FEMALE; FETUS; FETUS DISEASE; FIRST TRIMESTER PREGNANCY; HEART ARRHYTHMIA; HEART VENTRICLE ARRHYTHMIA; HEMODYNAMICS; HOSPITAL ADMISSION; HUMAN; HYDROPS; IMPLANT; INTRAUTERINE GROWTH RETARDATION; PATIENT MONITORING; PREGNANCY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RISK; SAFETY; SUPRAVENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA; SYMPTOM; TACHYCARDIA; TORSADE DES POINTES;

ABNORMALITIES, DRUG-INDUCED; ANTI-ARRHYTHMIA AGENTS; ARRHYTHMIA; FEMALE; HUMANS; MATERNAL-FETAL EXCHANGE; PREGNANCY; PREGNANCY COMPLICATIONS, CARDIOVASCULAR;

EID: 0032946009     PISSN: 01145916     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2165/00002018-199920010-00008     Document Type: Article

References (70)

1. Saxon LA, Perloff JK. Arrhythmias and conduction disturbances associated with pregnancy. In: Podrid PJ, Kowey PR, editors. Cardiac arrhythmia. Baltimore (MD): Williams & Wilkins, 1995: 1161-74
2. Ostrzega E, Mehra A, Widerhorn J, et al. Evidence of increased incidence of arrhythmias during pregnancy: a study of 104 pregnant women with symptoms of palpitations, dizziness or syncope [abstract]. J Am Coll Cardiol 1992; 19: 125A
3. Widerhorn J, Widehorn ALM, Rahimtoola SH, et al. WPW syndrome during pregnancy: increased incidence of supraventricular arrhythmias. Am Heart J 1992; 123: 796-8
4. Cox JL, Gardner MJ. Treatment of cardiac arrhythmias during pregnancy. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 1993; 36: 137-78
5. Rotmensch HH, Elkayam U, Frishman W. Antiarrhythmic drug therapy during pregnancy. Ann Intern Med 1983; 98: 487-97
6. Berlin CM. Pharmacologic considerations of drug use in the lactating mother. Obstet Gynecol 1981; 58 Suppl.: 17s-23s7.
7. Committee on Drugs. Transfer of drugs and other chemicals into human milk. Pediatrics 1994; 93: 137-50
8. Drugs facts and comparisons. St. Louis (MO): Facts and Comparisons, 1997
9. Vaughan Williams EM. A classification of antiarrhythmic actions reassessed after a decade of new drugs. J Clin Pharmacol 1984; 24: 129-47
10. Meyer J, Lackner JE, Schochet SS. Paroxysmal tachycardia in pregnancy. Am Heart J 1931; 94: 1901-4
11. Hill LM, Malkasian GD. The use of quinidine sulfate throughout pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol 1979; 54: 366-8
12. Wladimiroff JW, Stewart A. Treatment of fetal cardiac arrhythmias. Br J Hosp Med 1985; 34: 134-40
13. Allen NM, Page RL. Procainamide administration during pregnancy. Clin Pharm 1993; 12: 58-60
14. Page RL. Treatment of arrhythmias during pregnancy. Am Heart J 1995; 130: 871-6
15. Schnider SM. Choice of anesthesia for labor and delivery. Obstet Gynecol 1981; 58: S24-S34
16. Martin LV, Jurand A. The absence of teratogenic effects of some analgesics use in anesthesia: additional evidence from a mouse model. Anaesthesia 1992; 47: 473-6
17. Brown WU, Bell GC, Alper MH. Acidosis, local anesthesia and the newborn. Obstet Gynecol 1976; 48: 27-30
18. Gregg AR, Tomich PG. Mexiletene use in pregnancy. J Perinatol 1988; 8: 33-5
19. Timmis AD, Jackson G, Holt DW. Mexiletine for control of ventricular dysrhythmias during pregnancy. Lancet 1980; II: 647-8
20. Lowes HE, Ives TJ. Mexiletine use in pregnancy and lactation. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1987; 157: 446-7
21. Atkinson AJ Jr, Davison R. Diphenylhydantoin as an antiarrhythmic drug. Ann Rev Med 1974; 25: 99-113
22. Hanson JW, Myrianthopoulos NC, Harvey MA, et al. Risk of the offspring of women treated with hydantoin anticonvulsants with emphasis on fetal hydantoin syndrome. J Pediatr 1976; 89: 662-8
23. Echt DS, Liebson PR, Mitchel B, et al. Mortality and morbidity in patients receiving encainide, flecainide, or placebo. N Engl J Med 1991; 324: 781-8
24. Allan LD, Chita SK, Sharland GK, et al. Flecainide in the treatment of fetal tachycardias. Br Heart J 1991; 65: 46-8
25. Frohn-Mulder IM, Stewart PA, Witsenburg M, et al. The efficacy of flecainide versus digoxin in the management of fetal supaventricular tachycardia. Prenat Diagn 1995; 15: 1297-302
26. Vanderhalt AL, Cocjin J, Santulli TV, et al. Conjugated hyprbilirubenemia in a newborn infant after maternal (transplacental) treatment with flecainide acetate for fetal tachycardia and fetal hydrops. J Pediatr 1995; 126: 988-90
27. Capucci A, Boriani G. Propafenone in the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias. A risk-benefit appraisal. Drug Saf 1995; 12: 55-72
28. Frishman WH, Chesner M. Beta-adrenergic blockers in pregnancy. Am Heart J 1988; 115: 147-52
29. Pruyn SC, Phelan JP, Buchanan GC. Long-term propanolol therapy in pregnancy: maternal and fetal outcome. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1979; 135: 485-9
30. Rubin PC, Butters L, Clark DM, et al. Placebo-controlled trial of atenolol in treatment of pregnancy-associated hypertension. Lancet 1983; 2: 431-4
31. Wichman K, Ryulden G, Karberg BE. A placebo controlled trial of metropolol in the treatment of hypertension in pregnancy. Stand J Clin Lab Invest 1984; 169: 90-4
32. Lip GYH, Beevers M, Churchill D, et al. Effect of atenolol on birth weight. Am J Cardiol 1997; 79: 1436-8
33. Liedholm H, Melander A, Bitzen P-O, et al. Accumulation of atenolol and metoprolol in human breast milk. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1971; 20: 229-31
34. Delvin RG, Duchin KL, Fleiss PM. Nadolol in human serum and breast milk. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1981; 12: 393-6
35. Schimimmel MS, Eldelman AJ, Wilschanski MA, et al. Toxic effects of atenolol consumed during breast feeding. J Pediatr 1989; 114: 476-8
36. Widerhorn J, Bhandari AK, Bughi S, et al. Fetal and neonatal adverse effects profile of amiodarone treatment during pregnancy. Am Heart J 1991; 22: 1162-5
37. De Wolf D, De Schepper J, Verhaaren H, et al. Congenital hypothyroid goiter and amiodarone. Acta Paediatr Scand 1988; 77: 616-8
38. Magee LA, Downar E, Sermer M, et al. Pregnancy outcome after gestational exposure to amiodarone in canada. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1995; 172: 1307-11
39. Ovadia M, Mitermayer B, Gifford L, et al. Human experience with amiodarone in the embrionic period. Am J Cardiol 1994; 73: 316-7
40. Strunge P, Frandsen J, Andeasen F. Amiodarone during pregnancy. Eur Heart J 1988; 9: 106-9
41. McKenna WJ, Harris L, Rowland E, et al. Amiodarone therapy during pregnancy. Am J Cardiol 1983; 51: 1231-3
42. Anderson, JL, Sotalol, bretylium, and other class 3 antiarrhythmics. In: Podrid PJ, Kowey PR, editors. Cardiac arrhythmia. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 1995: 450-66
43. O Hare MF, Murnaghan GA, Russell CJ, et al. Sotalol as a hypotensive agent in pregnancy. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1980; 87: 814-20
44. Wagner X, Jouglard J, Moulin M, et al. Coadministration of flecainide acetate and sotalol during pregnancy: lack of teratogenic effects, passage across the placenta, and excretion in human milk. Am Heart J 1990; 119: 700-2
45. Kowey PR, VanderLugt JT, Luderer JR. Safety and risk/benefit analysis of ibutilide for acute conversion of atrial fibrillation/flutter. Am J Cardiol 1996; 78 (8a): 46-52
46. Bryerly WG, Hartmann A, Foster DE, et al. Verapamil in the treatment of maternal paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. Ann Emerg Med 1991; 20: 552-4
47. Kleinman CS, Copel JA, Weinstein EM, et al. Treatment of fetal supraventricular tachyarrhythmias. J Clin Ultrasound 1985; 13: 265-73
48. Camm AJ, Garrat CJ. Adenosine and supraventricular tachycardia. N Engl J Med 1991; 325: 1621-9
49. Jaqueti J, Martinez-Hemandez D, Hernandez-Garcia R, et al. Adenosine deaminase in pregnant serum. Clin Chem 1990; 36: 2144
50. Mariani PJ. Pharmacotherapy of pregnancy-related SVT [letter]. Ann Emerg Med 1992; 21: 229
51. Elkayam U, Goodwin TM. Adenosine therapy for supraventricular tachycardia during pregnancy. Am J Cardiol 1995; 75: 521-3
52. Mason BA, Ogjunyemi D, Punla O, et al. Maternal and fetal cardiorespiratory responses to adenosine in sheep. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1993; 168: 1558-61
53. Page RL. Arrhythmias during pregnancy. Cardiac Electrophysiol Rev 1997; 1: 278-82
54. Chan V, Tse TF, Wong V. Transfer of digoxin across the placenta and into breast milk. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1978, 85: 605-9
55. Rogers MC, Willerson JT, Goldblatt A, et al. Serum digoxin concentrations in the fetus, neonate and infant. N Engl J Med 1972; 287: 1010-3
56. Kerenyi TD, Gleicher N, Meller J, et al. Transplacental cardioversion of intrauterine supraventricular tachycardia with digitalis. Lancet 1980; 2: 393-5
57. King CR, Mattioli L, Goertz KK, et al. Successful treatment of fetal supraventricular tachycardia with maternal digoxin therapy. Chest 1984; 85: 573-5
58. Szekely P, Julian DG. Heart disease and pregnancy. Curr Probl Cardiol 1979; 4: 1-74
59. Parilla B, Strasburger JF, Socol ML. Fetal supraventricular tachycardia complicated by hydrops felalis: a role for direct fetal intramuscular therapy. Am J Perinatol 1996; 13: 483-6
60. Mitani GM, Harrison EC, Steingberg I, et al. Digitalis glycosides in pregnancy. In: Elkayam U, Gleicher N, editors. Cardiac problems in pregnancy: diagnosis and management of maternal and fetal disease. New York: Liss, 1990: 417-27
61. Gonzalez AR, Phelps SJ, Cochran EB, et al. Digoxin-like immunoreactive substance in pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1987; 157: 660-4
62. Rosemond RL. Cardioversion during pregnancy. JAMA 1993; 269: 3167
63. Finlay AY, Edmonds V. D.C. cardioversion in pregnancy. Br J Clin Pract 1979; 33: 88-94
64. Klepper I. Cardioversion in late pregnancy. Anesthesia 1981; 36: 611-6
65. DeSilva RA, Graboys TB, Podrid PJ, et al. Cardioversion and defibrillation. Am Heart J 1980, 100: 881-95
66. Piper JM, Berkus M, Ridgeway LE III. Pregnancy complicated by chronic cardiomyopathy and an automatic implantable cardioverter defibrillator. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1992; 167: 506-7
67. Lee RV, Rodgers BD, White LM, et al. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation of pregnant women. Am J Med 1986; 81: 311-8
68. Rees GAD, Willis BA. Resuscitation in pregnancy. In: Evans TR, editor. ABC of resuscitation. 2nd ed. London: BMJ 1990: 50-3
69. Perkins V. CPR during pregnancy [letter]. Am Heart J 1995; 132: 1319
70. Page RL. CPR during pregnancy [letter]. Am Heart J 1995; 132: 1319