The transition from hyperplasia to invasive carcinoma of the breast

Journal of Pathology

Volumn 187, Issue 3, 1999, Pages 272-278

  Lakhani, Sunil R ^a  

^a ROYAL FREE AND UNIVERSITY COLLEGE MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Breast; Comparative genomic hybridization; Loss of heterozygosity; Molecular genetics; Multistep model; Preinvasive lesions

Indexed keywords

DNA; EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR; MEMBRANE PROTEIN; MESSENGER RNA; PROTEIN P53; UVOMORULIN; VIRUS LARGE T ANTIGEN;

BREAST BIOPSY; BREAST CARCINOGENESIS; BREAST CARCINOMA; BREAST HYPERPLASIA; CARCINOGENESIS; CHROMOSOME ABERRATION; CHROMOSOME ANALYSIS; COMPARATIVE GENOMIC HYBRIDIZATION; FLUORESCENCE IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION; GENE; GENE MUTATION; HETEROZYGOSITY LOSS; HUMAN; MODEL; MOLECULAR GENETICS; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTO ONCOGENE; REVIEW;

ANIMALS; BREAST; BREAST NEOPLASMS; CELL TRANSFORMATION, NEOPLASTIC; FEMALE; HUMANS; HYPERPLASIA; MICE; NEOPLASM INVASIVENESS; PRECANCEROUS CONDITIONS;

EID: 0032945578     PISSN: 00223417     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9896(199902)187:3<272::AID-PATH265>3.0.CO;2-2     Document Type: Review

References (82)

1. Evans AJ, Pinder S, Ellis IO, et al. Screening-detected and symptomatic ductal carcinoma in situ: mammographic features with pathologic correlation. Radiology 1994; 191: 237-240.
2. Molloy M, Azarow K, Garcia VF, Daniel JR. Enhanced detection of preinvasive breast cancer: combined role of mammography and needle localization biopsy. J Surg Oncol 1989; 40: 152-154.
3. Vogelstein B, Fearon ER, Hamilton SR, et al. Genetic alterations during colorectal tumour formation. N Engl J Med 1988; 319: 525-532.
4. DeOme KB, Faulkin LJ, Bern HA, Blair PB. Development of mammary tumours from hyperplastic alveolar nodules transplanted into gland free mammary fat pads of female C3H mice. Cancer Res 1959; 19: 515-520.
5. Morris DW, Cardiff RD. The multistep model of mouse mammary tumour development. Ad Virol Oncol 1987; 7: 123-140.
6. Cardiff RD, Muller WJ. Transgenic mouse models of mammary tumorigenesis. Cancer Surv 1993; 16: 97-113.
7. Foote FW, Stewart FW. Comparative studies of cancerous versus non-cancerous breasts. Ann Surg 1945; 19: 573-590.
8. Ryan JA, Coady CJ. Intraductal epithelial proliferation in the human breast- a comparative study. Can J Surg 1962; 5: 12-18.
9. Karpas CM, Leis HP, Oppenheim A, Mersheimer WL. Relationship of fibrocystic disease to carcinoma of the breast. Ann Surg 1995; 162: 1-8.
10. Kern WH, Brooks RN. Atypical epithelial hyperplasia associated with breast cancer and fibrocystic disease. Cancer 1969; 24: 668-675.
11. Wellings SR, Jenson HM, Marcum RG. An atlas of subgross pathology of the human breast with specific reference to possible precancerous lesions. J. Natl Can Inst 1975; 155: 231-273.
12. Davies HH, Simons M, Davis JB. Cystic disease of the breast: relationship to carcinoma. Cancer 1964; 17: 957-978.
13. Black MM, Barclay TH, Cutler SJ, Hankey BF, Asire AJ. Association of atypical characteristics of benign breast lesions with subsequent risk of breast cancer. Cancer 1972; 29: 338-343.
14. Dupont WD, Page DL. Risk factors for breast cancer in women with proliferative breast disease. N Engl J Med 1985; 312: 146-151.
15. Tavassoli FA, Norris HJ. A comparison of the results of long-term follow-up for atypical intraductal hyperplasia and intraductal hyperplasia of the breast. Cancer 1990; 65: 518-529.
16. McDivitt RW, Stevens JA, Lee NC, Wingo PA, Rubin GL, Gersell D. Histologic types of benign breast disease and the risk for breast cancer. The Cancer and Steroid Hormone Study Group. Cancer 1992; 69: 1408-1414.
17. London SJ, Connolly JL, Schnitt SJ, Colditz GA. A prospective study of benign breast disease and the risk of breast cancer. J Am Med Assoc 1992; 267: 941-944.
18. Betsill WLJ, Rosen PP, Lieberman PH, Robbins GF. Intraductal carcinoma. Long term follow-up alter treatment by biopsy alone. J. Am Med Assoc 1978; 239: 1863-1867.
19. Page DL, Dupont WD, Rogers LW. Landenberger M. Intraductal carcinoma of the breast: follow-up after biopsy only. Cancer 1982; 49: 751-758.
20. Gebhart E, Bruderlein S, Augustus M, Siebert E, Feldner J, Schmidt W. Cytogenetic studies on human breast carcinomas. Breast Cancer Res Treat 1986, 8: 125-138.
21. Geleick D, Muller H, Matter A, Torhorst J, Reganass U. Cytogenetics of breast cancer. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 1990; 46: 217-229.
22. Hill SM, Rodgers CS, Hulten MA. Cytogenetic analysis in human breast carcinoma. II. Seven cases in the triploid/tetraploid range investigated using direct preparations. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 1987; 24: 45-62.
23. Pandis N, Jin Y, Limon J. et al. Interstitial deletion of the short arm of chromosome 3 as a primary chromosome abnormality in carcinomas of the breast. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 1993; 6: 151-155.
24. Rodgers CS, Hill SM, Hulten MA. Cytogenetic analysis in human breast carcinoma. I. Nine cases in the diploid range investigated using direct preparations. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 1984; 13: 95-119.
25. Kokalj-Vokac N, Alemeida A, Gerbault-Seureau M, Malfoy B, Dutrillaux B. Two-color FISH characterization of i(1q) and der(1;16) in human breast cancer cells. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 1993; 7: 8-14.
26. Kallioniemi A, Kallioniemi OP, Piper J, et al. Detection and mapping of amplified DNA sequences in breast cancer by comparative genomic hybridization. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1994; 91: 2156-2160.
27. Cavenee WK, Dryja TP, Phillips RA, et al. Expression of recessive alleles by chromosomal mechanisms in retinoblastoma. Nature 1983; 305: 779-784.
28. Devilee P, Cornelisse CJ. Somatic genetic changes in human breast cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta 1994; 1198: 113-130.
29. Nielsen KV, Andersen JA, Blichert TM. Chromosome changes of in situ carcinomas in the female breast. Eur J Surg Oncol 1987; 13: 225-229.
30. Nielsen KV, Blichert TM, Andersen J. Chromosome analysis of in situ breast cancer. Acta Oncol 1989; 28: 919-922.
31. Pandis N, Heim S, Hardi G, Idvall I, Mandahl N, Mitelman F. Whole-arm t(1:16) and i(1q) as sole anomalies identify gain of 1q as a primary chromosomal abnormality in breast cancer. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 1992; 5: 235-238.
32. Micale M, Visscher D, Gulino S, Wolman S. Chromosomal aneuploidy in proliferative breast disease. Hum Pathol 1994; 25: 29-35.
33. Harrison M, Magee HM, Ol J, Gorey TF, Dervan PA. Chromosome 1 aneusomy, identified by interphase cytogenetics, in mammographically detected ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast. J Pathol 1995; 175: 303-309.
34. Murphy D, Hoare S, Going J, et al. Characterisation of extensive genetic alterations in ductal carcinoma in situ by fluorescence in situ hybridization and molecular analysis. J Natl Cancer Inst 1995; 87: 1694-1704.
35. Isola J, DeVries S, Chu L, Ghazvini S, Waldman F. Analysis of changes in DNA sequence copy numbers by comparative genomic hybridization in archival paraffin-embedded tumour samples. Am J Pathol 1994; 145: 1301-1308.
36. Kuukasjarvi T, Tanner M, Pennanen S, Karhu R, Kallioniemi OP, Isola J. Genetic changes in intraductal breast cancer detected by comparative genomic hyhridization. Am J Pathol 1997; 150: 1465-1471.
37. O'Connell P, Pekkel V, Fuqua S, Osborne CK, Allred DC. Molecular genetic studies of early breast cancer evolution. Breast Cancer Res Treat 1994; 32: 5-12.
38. Radford DM, Fair K, Thompson AM, et al. Allelic loss on a chromosome 17 in ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast. Cancer Res 1993; 53: 2947-2949.
39. Radford D, Fair K, Phillips N, er al. Allelotyping of ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast: deletion of loci on 8p. 13q, 16q, 17p and 17q. Cancer Res 1995; 55: 3399-3405.
40. Munn KE, Walker RA, Varley JM. Frequent alterations of chromosome 1 in ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast. Oncogene 1995; 10: 1653-1657.
41. Stratton MR, Collins N, Lakhani SR, Sloane JP. Loss of heterozygosity in ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast. J Pathol 1995; 175: 195-201.
42. Fujii H, Szumel R, Marsh C, Zhou W, Gabrielson E. Genetic progression, histological grade, and allelic loss in ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast. Cancer Res 1996; 56: 5260-5265.
43. Koreth J, Bethwaite PB, McGee JOD. Mutations at chromosome 11q23 in human non-familial breast cancer: a microdissection microsatellite analysis. J Pathol 1995; 176: 11-18.
44. Marcello Aldaz C, Chen T, Sahin A, Cunningham J, Bondy M. Comparative allelotype of in situ and invasive human breast cancer: high frequency of microsatellite instability in lobular breast carcinoma. Cancer Res 1995; 55: 3976-3981.
45. Berger MS, Locher GW, Saurer S, et al. Correlation of c-erbB-2 gene amplification and protein expression in human breast carcinoma with nodal status and nuclear grading. Cancer Res 1988; 48: 1238-1243.
46. Slamon DJ, Clark GM, Wong SG, Levin WJ, Ullrich A, McGuire WL. Human breast cancer: correlation of relapse and survival with amplification of the HHR-2/neu oncogene. Science 1987; 235: 177-182.
47. Varley JM, Swallow JE, Brammar WJ, Whittaker JL, Walker RA. Alterations to either c-erbB-2(neu) or c-myc proto-oncogenes in breast carcinomas correlate with poor short-term prognosis. Oncogene 1987; 1: 423-430.
48. Allred DC, Clark GM, Molina R, et al. Overexpression of HER-2/neu and its relationship with other prognostic factors change during the progression of in situ to invasive breast cancer. Hum Pathol 1992; 23: 974-979.
49. Gusterson BA, Machin LG, Gullick WJ, et al. Immunohistochemical distribution of c-erbB-2 in infiltrating and in situ breast cancer. Int J Cancer 1988; 42: 842-845.
50. Poller DN, Galea M, Pearson D, et al. Nuclear and flow cytometric characteristics associated with overexpression of the c-erbB-2 oncoprotein in breast carcinoma. Breast Canter Res Treat 1991; 20: 3-10.
51. Romachandra S, Machin L, Ashley S, Monaghan P, Gusterson BA. Immunohistochemical distribution of c-erbB-2 in in situ breast carcinoma -a detailed morphological analysis. J Pathol 1990; 161: 7-14.
52. Gusterson BA, Machin LG, Gullick WJ, et al. c-erhB-2 expression in benign and malignant breast disease. Br J Cancer 1988; 58: 453-457.
53. Lane DP, Crawford LV, T antigen is bound to a host protein in SV40-transformed cells. Nature 1979; 278: 261-263.
54. Nigro JM, Baker SJ, Preisinger AC, el al. Mutations in the p53 gene occur in diverse human tumour types. Mature 1989; 342: 705-708.
55. Bartek J, Bartkova J, Vojtesek B, et al. Aberrant expression of the p53 oncoprotein is a common feature of a wide spectrum of human malignancies. Oncogene 1991; 6: 1699-1703.
56. Poller DN, Roberts EC, Bell JA, Elslon CW, Blamey RW, Ellis IO. p53 protein expression in mammary ductal carcinoma in situ: relationship to immunohistochemieal expression of estrogen receptor and c-erbB-2 protein. Hum Pathol 1993; 24: 463-468.
57. O'Malley FP, Vnencak JC, Dupont WD, Pari F, Manning S, Page DL. p53 mutations are confined to the comedo type ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast. Immunohistochemical and sequencing data. Lab Invest 1994; 71: 67-72.
58. Allred DC, O'Connell P, Fuqua SA, Osborne CK, Immunohistochemical studies of early breast cancer evolution, Breast Cancer Res Treat 1994; 32: 13-18.
59. Done SJ, Arneson NC, Ozcelik H, Redston M, Andrulis IL. p53 mutations in mammary ductal carcinoma in situ but not in epithelial hyperplasias. Cancer Res 1998; 58: 785-789.
60. Visscher DW, Wallis TL, Crissman JD. Evaluation of chromosome aneuploidy in tissue sections of preinvasive breast carcinomas using interphase cytogenetics. Cancer 1996; 77: 315-320.
61. Lu YJ, Osin P, Lakhani SR, Di Palma S, Gusterson BA, Shipley JM. Comparative genomic hybridization analysis of lobular carcinoma in situ and atypical lobular hyperplasia and potential roles for gains and losses of genetic material in breast neoplasia. Cancer Res 1998; 58: 4721-4727.
62. Nishizaki T, Chew K, Chu L. el al. Genetic alterations in lobular breast cancer by comparative genomic hybridization. Int J Cancer 1997; 74: 513-517.
63. Lakhani S, Collins N, Sloane J, Stratton M, Loss of heterozygosity in lobular carcinoma in situ of the breast. J Clin Pathol: Mol Pathol 1995; 48: M74-M78.
64. Nayar R, Zhuang Z, Merino MJ, Silverberg SG. Loss of heterozygosity on chromosome 11 q 13 in lobular lesions of the breast using tissue microdissection and polymerase chain reaction. Hum Pathol 1997; 28: 277-282.
65. Berx G, Cleton-Jensen AM, Nollet F, et al. E-cadherin is a tumour/invasion suppressor gene mutated in human lobular breast cancers. EMBO J 1995; 14: 6107-6115.
66. Gamallo C, Palacios J, Suarez A, et al. Correlation of E-cadherin expression with differentiation grade and histological type in breast carcinoma. Am J Pathol 1993; 142: 987-993.
67. Rasbridge SA, Gillett CE, Sampson SA, Walsh FS, Millis RR. Epithelial (E-) and placental (P-) cadherin cell adhesion molecule expression in breast carcinoma. J Pathol 1993; 169: 245-250.
68. Vos CB, Cleton-Jansen AM, Berx G, et al. E-cadherin inactivation in lobular carcinoma in situ of the breast: an early event in tumorigenesis. Br J Cancer 1997; 76: 1131-113.1.
69. Page DL, Rogers LW. Combined histologic and cytologic criteria for the diagnosis of mammary atypical ductal hyperplasia. Hum Pathol 1992; 23: 1095-1097.
70. Rosai J. Borderline epithelial lesions of the breast. Am J Surg Pathol 1991; 15: 209-221.
71. Schnitt SJ, Connolly JL, Tavassoli FA, et al. Interobserver reproducibility in the diagnosis of ductal proliferate breast lesions using standardized criteria. Am J Surg Pathol 1992; 16: 1133-1143.
72. Sloane JP, Ellman R, Anderson TJ, et al. Consistency of histopatholagical reporting of breast lesions detected by screening: findings of the U.K. National External Quality Assessment (EQA) Scheme. Eur J Cancer 1994; 30A: 1414-1419.
73. Lakhani SR, Collins N, Stratton MR, Sloane JP. Atypical ductal hyperplasia of the breast: clonal proliferation with loss of heterozygosity on chromosomes 16q and I7p. J Clin Pathol 1995; 48: 611-615.
74. Rosenberg CL, de las Morenas A, Huang K, Cupples LA, Faller DV, Larson PS. Detection of monoclonal microsatellite alterations in atypical breast hyperplasia. J Clin Invest 1996; 98: 1095-1100.
75. Chuaqui RF, Zhuang Z, Emmert-Buck MR, Liotta LA, Merino MJ. Analysis ofloss of heterozygosity on chromosome 11q13 in atypical ductal hyperplasia and in situ carcinoma of the breast. Am J Pathol 1997; 150: 297-303.
76. O'Connell P, Pekkel V, Fuqua SA, Osborne CK, Clark GM, Alfred DC. Analysis of loss of heterozygosity in 399 premalignant breast lesions at 15 genetic loci. J Natl Cancer Inst 1998; 90: 697-703.
77. Sneige N, Sahin A, Dinh M, El-Naggar A. Interphase cytogenetics in mammographically detected breast lesions. Hum Pathol 1996; 27: 330-335.
78. Lakhani S, Slack D, Hamoudi R, Collins N, Stratton M, Sloane J. Detection of alleleic imbalance indicates that a proportion of mammary hyperplasia of usual type are clonal, neoplastic proliferations. Lab Invest 1996; 74: 129-135.
79. Deng G, Lu Y, Zlotnikov G, Thor AD, Smith HS. Loss of heterozygosity in normal tissue adjacent to breast carcinomas. Science 1996; 274: 2057-2059.
80. Larson PS, de las Morenas A, Cupples LA, Huang K, Rosenberg CL. Genetically abnormal clones in histologically normal breast tissue. Am J Pathol 1998; 152: 1591-1598.
81. Bonner RF, Emmert-Buck M, Cole K, et al. Laser capture microdissection: molecular analysis of tissue. Science 1997; 278: 1481-1483.
82. Ramsay G. DNA chips: state-of-the-art. Nature Biotechnol 1998; 16: 40-44.