The cutting edge: Collective efficiency and international competitiveness in Pakistan

Oxford Development Studies

Volumn 27, Issue 1, 1999, Pages 81-107

  Nadvi, Khalid ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SUSSEX   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AGGLOMERATION; COMPETITIVENESS; SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISE;

PAKISTAN;

EID: 0032945360     PISSN: 13600818     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/13600819908424167     Document Type: Article

References (61)

1. Aftab, K. & Rahim, E. (1989) Barriers to the growth of informal sector firms: a case study, Journal of Development Studies, 25, pp. 490-507.
2. Best, M. (1990) The New Competition: Institutions of Industrial Restructuring (Cambridge, Polity Press).
3. Brusco, S. (1992) Small firms and the provision of real services, in: F. Pyke & W. Sengenberger (Eds) Industrial Districts and Local Economic Regeneration (Geneva, ILO).
4. Dei Otatti, G. (1994) Trust, interlinking transactions and credit in the industrial district, Cambridge Journal of Economics, 18, pp. 529-546.
5. Dore, R. (1992) Goodwill and the spirit of market capitalism, in: M. Granovetter & R. Swedberg (Eds) The Sociology of Economic Life (Boulder, CO, Westview Press).
6. Garofoli, G. (1992) Endogenous Development and Southern Europe (Avebury, Aldershot).
7. Goodman, E. & Bamford, J. (Eds) (1989) Small Firms and Industrial Districts in Italy (London, Routledge).
8. Government of Pakistan, Census of Establishments, Punjab 1988 (Islamabad, Federal Bureau of Statistics).
9. Government of Pakistan, Census of Manufacturing Industries, 1976/77, 1983/84, 1987/88 (Karachi, Federal Bureau of Statistics).
10. Government of Pakistan, Census of Small and Household Manufacturing Industries, 1988 (Karachi, Federal Bureau of Statistics).
11. Government of Pakistan, Economic Survey, 1982/83, 1992/93, 1993/94 (Islamabad, Economic Advisor's Wing, Finance Division).
12. Government of Pakistan, Survey of Small and Household Manufacturing Industries, 1976/77, 1983/84 (Karachi, Federal Bureau of Statistics).
13. Håkansson, H. & Johanson, J. (1993) The network as a governance structure: interfirm co-operation beyond markets and hierarchies, in: G. Grabher (Ed.) The Embedded Firm: On the Socioeconomics of Industrial Networks (London, Routledge).
14. Helper, S. (1993) An exit-voice analysis of supplier relations: the case of the US automobile industry, in: G. Grabher (Ed.) The Embedded Firm: On the Socioeconomics of Industrial Networks (London, Routledge).
15. Hirschman, A.O. (1970) Exit, Voice and Loyalty (Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press).
16. Johanson J. & Mattsson, L.G. (1987) Inter-organisational relations in industrial systems: a network approach compared with the transaction-cost approach, International Studies of Management and Organisation, 17, pp. 34-48.
17. Kashyap, S.P. (1992) Recent developments in the small size enterprises sector in India: economic and social aspects, Discussion Paper No. 48 (Geneva, International Institute of Labour Studies, International Labour Office).
18. Knorringa, P. (1996) Economics of Collaboration: Indian Shoemakers Between Market and Hierarchy (New Delhi and London, Sage).
19. Krugman, P. (1991) Geography and Trade (Cambridge, MA, MIT Press).
20. Krugman, P. (1995) Development, Geography and Economic Theory (Cambridge, MA, MIT Press).
21. Lall, S. (1992) Technological capabilities and industrialisation, World Development, 20, pp. 165-186.
22. Lazerson, M. (1988) Organisational growth of small firms: an outcome of markets and hierarchies, American Sociological Review, 53, pp. 330-342.
23. Lazerson, M. (1990) Subcontracting as an alternative organisational form to vertically integrated production, Discussion Paper No. 20 (Geneva, International Institute for Labour Studies, International Labour Office).
24. Levy, B. (1994) Technical and marketing support systems for successful small and medium enterprises in four countries, Policy Research Working Papers, No. 1400 (Washington, The World Bank Finance and Private Sector Development Division, Policy Research Department, Washington).
25. Lundvall, B.A. (1988) Innovation as an interactive process: from user producer interaction to the national system of innovation, in: G. Dosi, C. Freeman, R. Nelson, G. Silverberg, L. Soete, (Eds) Technical Change and Economic Theory (London, Pinter).
26. Lundvall, B.A. (1993) Explaining interfirm co-operation and innovation. Limits of the transaction-cost approach, in: G. Grabher (Ed.) The Embedded Firm: On the Socioeconomics of Industrial Networks (London, Routledge).
27. Marshall, A. (1919) Industry and Trade (London, Macmillan).
28. Marshall, A. (1920) Principles of Economics, 8th edn (London, Macmillan).
29. McCormick, D., Kinyanjui, M.N. & Mitullah, W.V. (1995) Collective efficiency and small enterprises in Kenya: a proposal to study vehicle repair and fish processing industries, Working Paper No. 503 (Nairobi, Institute for Development Studies, University of Nairobi).
30. Nabi, I. (1988) Entrepreneurs and Markets in Early Industrialisation: A Case Study from Pakistan (San Francisco, International Center for Economic Growth).
31. Nadvi, K. (1990) Employment Creation in Urban Informal Microenterprises in the Manufacturing Sector in Pakistan (New Delhi, ILO-ARTEP).
32. Nadvi, K. (1992) Flexible specialisation, industrial districts and employment in Pakistan, World Employment Programme, Working Paper, WP 232 (Geneva, ILO).
33. Nadvi, K. (1995) Industrial clusters and networks: case studies of SME growth and innovation, Paper commissioned by UNIDO, SME Branch, Vienna.
34. Nadvi, K. (1996) Small firm industrial districts in Pakistan, DPhil Thesis (Brighton, University of Sussex).
35. Nadvi, K. & Schmitz, H. (1994) Industrial clusters in less developed countries: review of experiences and research agenda, IDS Discussion Paper, No. 339 (Brighton, Institute of Development Studies).
36. Nadvi, K. & Schmitz, H. (1997) SME responses to global challenges: case studies of private and public initiatives, Mimeo, UNIDO, Vienna.
37. Pack, H. & Westphal, L.E. (1986) Industrial strategy and technological change: theory versus reality, Journal of Development Economics, 22, pp. 87-128.
38. Papandreou, A.A. (1994) Externality and Institutions (Oxford, Clarendon Press).
39. Piore, M. & Sabel, C. (1984) The Second Industrial Divide: Possibilities for Prosperity (New York, Basic Books).
40. Porter, M. (1990) The Competitive Advantage of Nation (London, Macmillan).
41. Punjab District Gazetteers, Volume XXIII-A: Sialkot District, 1920 (1921) Superintendent of Government Printing (Lahore).
42. Pyke, F. (1993) Industrial Development through Small-scale Cooperating (Geneva, ILO).
43. Pyke, F., Becattini, G. & Sengenberger, W. (Eds) (1990) Industrial Districts and Inter-firm Co-operation in Italy (Geneva, ILO).
44. Pyke, F. & Sengenberger, W. (Eds) (1992) Industrial Districts and Local Economic Regeneration (Geneva, ILO).
45. Rabellotti, R. (1997) External Economies and Co-operation in Industrial Districts: A Comparison of Italy and Mexico (London, Macmillan).
46. Roldan, M. (1994) Flexible specialisation, technology and employment in Argentina: critical just-in-time restructuring in a cluster context, World Employment Programme, Working Puper, WP 210 (Geneva, International Labour Office).
47. Saxenian, A. (1994) Regional Advantage - Culture and Competition in Silicon Valley and Route 128 (Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press).
48. Schmitz, H. (1992) On the clustering of small firms, IDS Bulletin, 23, pp. 64-69.
49. Schmitz, H. (1995) Collective efficiency: growth path for small-scale industry, Journal of Development Studies, 31, pp. 529-566.
50. Schmitz, H. (1997) Collective efficiency and increasing returns, IDS Working Paper, No. 50 (Brighton, Institute of Development Studies).
51. Scott, A.J. (1995) Variations on the theme of agglomeration and growth: the gem and jewelry industry in Los Angeles and Bangkok, Geoforum, 25, pp. 249-263.
52. Scott, A. & Storper, M. (1992) Regional development reconsidered, in: H. Ernste & V. Meier (Eds) Regional Development and Contemporary Industrial Response: Extending Flexible Specialisation (London, Belhaven Press).
53. Sengenberger, W. & Pyke, F. (1991) Small firm industrial districts and local economic regeneration: research and policy issues, Labour and Society, 16, pp. 1-24.
54. Smyth, I. (1992) Collective efficiency and selective benefits: the growth of the rattan industry of Tegalwangi (Indonesia), IDS Bulletin, 23, pp. 51-56.
55. Smyth, I., Saptari, R. & Maspiyati (1994) Flexible specialisation and small-scale industries: an Indonesian case study, World Employment Programme, Working Paper, WP 245 (Geneva, ILO).
56. Stewart, F. & Ghani, E. (1991) How significant are externalities for development? World Development, 19, pp. 569-594.
57. Tewari, M. (1996) When the marginal becomes the mainstream: lessons from half-century of dynamic small-firm growth in Ludhiana, India, Doctoral Thesis, unpublished (Cambridge, MA, Massachusetts Institute of Technology).
58. UNCTAD/GTZ (1994) Technological Dynamism in Industrial Districts: An Alternative Approach to Industrialization in Developing Countries (Geneva, United Nations).
59. Weber, A. (1927) Theory of the Location of Industries, translated by C.J. Friedrich (Chicago and London, The University of Chicago Press).
60. Weiss, A.M. (1991) Culture, Class and Development in Pakistan: The Emergence of the Industrial Bourgeoisie (Lahore, Vanguard).
61. Wilson, F. (1992) Modern workshop industry in Mexico: on its way to collective efficiency?, IDS Bulletin, 23, pp. 57-63.