Soil creep: Problems raised by a 23 year study in Australia

Earth Surface Processes and Landforms

Volumn 24, Issue 2, 1999, Pages 151-175

  Clarke, M F ^a   Williams, M A J ^c   Stokes, T ^b  

^a South Lodge   (United Kingdom)

^b MONASH UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

^c NONE

Author keywords

Australia; Granite; Hillslopes; Sandstone; Soil creep; Termites; Upslope movement; Young pit

Indexed keywords

CREEP; SLOPE DYNAMICS; SOIL EROSION;

AUSTRALIA;

EID: 0032945188     PISSN: 01979337     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9837(199902)24:2<151::AID-ESP964>3.0.CO;2-G     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. Auzet, A. -V. and Ambroise, B. 1996. 'Soil creep dynamics, soil moisture and temperature conditions on a forested slope in the granitic Vosges mountains, France', Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 21, 531-542.
2. Barr, D. J. and Swanston, D. N. 1970. 'Measurement of creep in a shallow, slide-prone till soil', American Journal of Science, 269, 467-480.
3. Boussinesq, J. V. 1885. Application des potentiels à l'étude de l'équilibre et du mouvement des solides élastiques, Gauthier-Villars, Paris.
4. Carson, M. A. and Kirkby, M. J. 1972. Hillslope Form and Process, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
5. Culling, W. E. H. 1963. 'Soil creep and the development of hillside slopes', Journal of Geology, 68, 336-344.
6. Culling, W. E. H. 1965. 'Theory of erosion on soil-covered slopes', Journal of Geology, 73, 230-254.
7. Culling, W. E. H. 1983a. 'Steady state distributions in the measurement of soil creep', Geographical Analysis, 15, 212-230.
8. Culling, W. E. H. 1983b. 'Rate process theory of geomorphic soil creep', in de Ploey, J. (Ed.), Rainfall Simulation, Runoff and Erosion, Catena Supplement, 4, 191-214.
9. Culling, W. E. H. 1983c. Slow particulate flow in condensed media as an escape mechanism: mean translation distance', in de Ploey, J. (Ed.), Rainfall Simulation, Runoff and Erosion, Catena Supplement, 4, 161-190.
10. Davison, C. 1889. 'On the creeping of the soil cap through the action of frost', Geological Magazine, 6, 255-261.
11. Embleton, C. and King, C. A. M. 1968. Glacial and Periglacial Geomorphology, Edward Arnold, London, 608 pp.
12. Everett, K. R. 1963. Slope movements in contrasting environments, PhD thesis, Ohio State University (unpublished).
13. Eyles, R. J. and Ho, R. 1970. 'Soil creep on a humid tropical slope', Journal of Tropical Geography, 31, 40-42.
14. Finlayson, B. 1981. 'Field measurements of soil creep', Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 6, 35-48.
15. Finlayson, B. L. 1985. 'Soil creep: a formidable fossil of misconception', in Richards, K. S., Arnett, R. R. and Ellis, S. (Eds), Geomorphology and Soils, George Allen and Unwin, London, 141-158.
16. Finlayson, B. L. and Osmaston, H. A. 1977. 'An instrument system for measuring soil movement', British Geomorphological Research Group, Technical Bulletin, 19.
17. Haynes, C. D., Ridpath, M. G. and Williams, M. A. J. (Eds) 1991. Monsoonal Australia: Landscape, ecology and man in the northern lowlands, Balkema, Rotterdam, 243 pp.
18. Humphreys, G. S. 1985. Bioturbation, rainwash and texture-contrast soils; an evaluation of transporting processes on soil genesis in the Sydney Basin, PhD thesis, Macquarie University, Sydney, (unpublished).
19. Jahn, A. 1989. 'The soil creep on slopes in different altitudinal and ecological zones of Sudetes Mountains', Geografiska Annaler, 71, 161-170.
20. Jennings, J. N. 1967. 'Two maps of rainfall intensity in Australia', Australian Geographer, 10, 256-262.
21. Kallstenius, T. and Bergau, W. 1961. 'In situ determination of horizontal ground movements', Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Paris, Vol. 1, 481-485.
22. Kirkby, M. J. 1967. 'Measurement of theory of soil creep', Journal of Geology, 75, 359-378.
23. Lewis, L. A. 1976. 'Soil movement in the tropics - a general model', Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie Supplementband, 25, 132-144.
24. Mitchell, P. B. 1988. 'The influence of vegetation, animals and micro-organisms on soil processes', in Viles, H. A. (Ed.), Biogeomorphology, 43-82.
25. Moeyersons, J. 1988. 'The complex nature of creep movements on steeply sloping ground in Southern Rwanda', Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 13, 511-524.
26. Moeyersons, J. 1989. 'A possible causal relationship between creep and sliding on Rwaza Hill, Southern Rwanda', Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 14, 597-614.
27. Owens, I. F. 1969. 'Causes and rates of soil creep in the Chilton Valley, Cass, New Zealand', Arctic and Alpine Research, 1, 213-220.
28. Paton, T. R. 1978. The Formation of Soil Material, George Allen and Unwin, London, 143 pp.
29. Paton, T. R., Humphreys, G. S. and Mitchell, P. B. 1995. Soils: A new global view, University College London Press, London, 213 pp.
30. Rapp, A. 1962. 'Kärkevagge: some recordings of mass movements in the northern Scandinavian mountains', Biul. peryglac., 11, 787-309
31. Reynolds, H. R. and Protopapadakis, P. 1959. Practical Problems in Soil Mechanics, Crosby, Lockwood and Son, London, 224 pp.
32. Rudberg, S. 1958. 'Some observations concerning mass movement in slopes in Sweden', Geol. Foren. Stockholm Forh., 80, 114-125.
33. Selby, M. J. 1968. 'Cones for measuring soil creep', Journal of Hydrology (New Zealand), 7, 136-137.
34. Souchez, R. '1963. 'Evolution des versants et théorie de plasticité', Revue Belge de Géographie, 87, 10-94.
35. Verster, E. and Van Rooyen, T. H. 1988. 'Measurement of soil movement on two hillslopes displaying terracettes in humid South Africa', in Dardis, G. F. and Moon, B. P. (Eds), Geomorphological Studies in Southern Africa, Balkema, Rotterdam, 311-320.
36. Ward, W. H. 1953. 'Soil movement and weather', Proceedings of International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, 3d, Switzerland, Vol. 1, 477-482.
37. Washburn, A. L. 1967. 'Instrumental observations of mass-wasting in the Mesters Vig district, Northeast Greenland', Medd. om Groønland, 166(4), 1-318.
38. Washburn, A. L. 1973. Periglacial Processes and Environments, Edward Arnold, London, 320 pp.
39. Williams, M. A. J. 1968. 'Termites and soil development near Brock's Creek, Northern Territory', Australian Journal of Science, 31, 153-154.
40. Williams, M. A. J. 1969a. Rates of slopewash and soil creep in northern and southeastern Australia: A comparative study, PhD thesis, Australian National University, Canberra, 318 pp (unpublished).
41. Williams, M. A. J. 1969b. 'Prediction of rainsplash erosion in the seasonally wet tropics', Nature, 222, 763-765.
42. Williams, M. A. J. 1973. 'The efficacy of creep and slopewash in tropical and temperate Australia', Australian Geographical Studies, 11, 62-78.
43. Williams, M. A. J. 1978a. 'Termites, soils and landscape equilibrium in the Northern Territory', in Davies, J. L. and Williams, M. A. J. (Eds), Landform Evolution in Australasia, Australian National University Press, 128-141.
44. Williams, M. A. J. 1978b. 'Late Holocene hillslope mantles and stream aggradation in the Southern Tablelands, N.S.W.', Search, 9, 96-97.
45. Williams, M. A. J. 1991. 'Evolution of the landscape', in Haynes, C. D., Ridpath, M. G. and Williams, M. A. J. (Eds), Monsoonal Australia: Landscape, ecology and man in the northern lowlands, Balkema, Rotterdam, 5-17.
46. Williams, P. J. 1957. 'The direct recording of solifluction movements', American Journal of Science, 255, 705-715.
47. Young, A. 1960. 'Soil movement by denudational processes on slopes', Nature, 188, 120-122.
48. Young, A. 1972. Slopes, Oliver and Boyd, 288 pp.
49. Young, A. 1978. 'A twelve-year record of soil movement on a slope', Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie Supplementband, 29, 104-110.