The 15 June 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo. I. Phase equilibria and pre-eruption P-T-fO2-fH2O conditions of the dacite magma

Journal of Petrology

Volumn 40, Issue 3, 1999, Pages 381-411

  Scaillet, Bruno ^a   Evans, Bernard W ^b  

^a CRSCM CNRS   (France)

^b UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON   (United States)

Author keywords

Arc magmas; fO2; Pinatubo; Sulfur; Water

Indexed keywords

CRYSTALLIZATION; DACITE; MAGMA CHEMISTRY; PHASE EQUILIBRIUM; VOLCANIC ERUPTION;

MOUNT PINATUBO; PHILIPPINES;

EID: 0032942692     PISSN: 00223530     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/petroj/40.3.381     Document Type: Article

References (79)

1. Albarède, F. (1995). Introduction to Geochemical Modeling. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 543 pp.
2. Andersen, D. J. & Lindsley, D. H. (1988). Internally consistent solution models for Fe-Mg-Mn-Ti oxides: Fe-Ti oxides. American Mineralogist 73, 714-726.
3. Arculus, R. J., Johnson, R. W., Chappell, B. W., McKee, C. O. & Sakai, H. (1983). Ophiolite-contaminated andesites, trachybasalts, and cognate inclusions of Mt. Lamington, Papua New Guinea anhydrite-amphibole-bearing lavas and the 1951 cumulodome. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 18, 21-47.
4. Baker, L. & Rutherford, M. J. (1992). Anhydrite breakdown as a possible source of excess sulfur in the 1991 Mount Pinatubo eruption. EOS Transactions, American Geophysical Union 73, 625.
5. Bernard, A., Demaiffe, D., Mattielli, N. & Punongbayan, R. S. (1991). Anhydrite-bearing pumices from Mount Pinatubo: further evidence for the existence of sulfur-rich silicic magmas. Nature 354, 139-140.
6. Bernard, A., Knittel, U., Weber, B., Weis, D., Albrecht, A., Hattori, K. & Oles, D. (1996). Petrology and geochemistry of the 1991 eruption products of Mount Pinatubo (Luzon, Philippines). In: Newhall, C. G. & Punongbayan, R. S. (eds) Fire and Mud. Eruptions and Lahars of Mount Pinatubo, Philippines. Seattle: University of Washington Press, pp. 767-798.
7. Blank, J. G., Stolper, E. M. & Carroll, M. R. (1993). Solubilities of carbon dioxide and water in rhyolitic melts. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 119, 27-36.
8. 2 clouds from the June, 1991 Mount Pinatubo eruptions. Geophysical Research Letters 19, 151-154.
9. Burnham, C. W., Holloway, J. R. & Davis, N. F. (1969). Thermodynamic properties of water to 1000°C and 10 000 bar. Geological Society of America Special Paper 132, 1-96.
10. Carmichael, I. S. E. (1991). The redox states of basic and silicic magmas: a reflection of their source regions. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 106, 36-64.
11. Carroll, M. C. & Rutherford, M. J. (1987). The stability of igneous anhydrite: experimental results and implications for sulfur behavior in the 1982 El Chichòn trachyandesite and other evolved magmas. Journal of Petrology 28, 781-801.
12. Carroll, M. C. & Rutherford, M. J. (1988). Sulfur speciation in hydrous experimental glasses of varying oxidation states: results from measured wavelength shifts of sulfur X-rays. American Mineralogist 73, 845-849.
13. Chou, I. M. (1987). Oxygen buffer and hydrogen sensor technique at elevated pressures and temperatures. In: Barnes, H. L. & Ulmer, G. C. (eds) Hydrothermal Experimental Techniques. New York: John Wiley, pp. 61-99.
14. Conrad, W. K., Nicholls, I. A. & Wall, V. J. (1988). Water-saturated and -undersaturated melting of metaluminous and peraluminous crustal compositions at 10 kb: evidence for the origin of silicic magma in the Taupo volcanic zone, New Zealand, and other occurrences. Journal of Petrology 29, 765-803.
15. Devine, J. D., Sigurdsson, H., Davis, A. N. & Self, S. (1984). Estimates of sulfur and chlorine yield to the atmosphere from volcanic eruptions and potential climatic effects. Journal of Geophysical Research 89, 6309-6325.
16. 2O contents of silicic volcanic glasses. American Mineralogist 73, 845-849.
17. 2. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 106, 286-295.
18. 2O-undersaturated calcalkaline melts. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 15, 28-34.
19. Evans, B. W. & Ghiorso, M. S. (1995). Thermodynamics and petrology of cummingtonite. American Mineralogist 80, 649-663.
20. Evans, B. W. & Scaillet, B. (1997). The redox state of Pinatubo dacite and the ilmenite-hematite solvus. American Mineralogist 82, 625-629.
21. Flowers, G. C. (1979). Correction of Holloway's (1977) adaptation of the Modified Redlich-Kwong equation of state for calculation of the fugacities of molecular species in supercritical fluids of geologic interest. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 69, 315-318.
22. 2-rich eruption of June 1991. In: Newhall, C. G. & Punongbayan, R. S. (eds) Fire and Mud. Eruptions and Lahars of Mount Pinatubo, Philippines. Seattle: University of Washington Press, pp. 845-864.
23. Gaetani, G. A., Grove, T. L. & Bryan, W. B. (1993). The influence of water on the petrogenesis of subduction related igneous rocks. Nature 365, 332-334.
24. Gerlach, T. M., Westrich, H. R., Casadevall, T. J. & Finnegan, D. L. (1994). Vapor saturation and accumulation in magmas of the 1989-1990 eruption of Redoubt volcano, Alaska. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 62, 317-337.
25. Gerlach, T. M., Westrich, H. R. & Symonds, R. B. (1996). Pre-eruption vapor in magma of the climactic Mount Pinatubo eruption: source of the giant stratospheric sulfur dioxide cloud. In: Newhall, C. G. & Punongbayan, R. S. (eds) Fire and Mud. Eruptions and Lahars of Mount Pinatubo, Philippines. Seattle: University of Washington Press, pp. 415-434.
26. Geschwind, C. H. G. & Rutherford, M. J. (1992). Cummingtonite and the evolution of the Mount St Helens magma system. Geology 20, 1011-1014.
27. Ghiorso, M. S. (1999). On the stability relations of hydrous minerals in water-undersaturated magmas. American Mineralogist (submitted).
28. Ghiorso, M. S. & Sack, R. O. (1991). Fe-Ti oxide geothermometry: thermodynamic formulation and the estimation of intensive variables in silicic magmas. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 108, 485-510.
29. Hansen, J., Lacis, A., Ruedy, R. & Sato, M. (1992). Potential climate impact of Mount Pinatubo eruption. Geophysical Research Letters 19, 215-218.
30. Hansen, J., Ruedy, R., Sato, M. & Reynolds, R. (1996). Global surface temperature in 1995: return to pre-Pinatubo level. Geophysical Research Letters 23, 1665-1668.
31. Hattori, K. (1993). High sulfur magma, a product of fluid discharge from underlying mafic magma: evidence from Mount Pinatubo. Geology 21, 1083-1086.
32. Hattori, K. (1996). Occurrence and origin of sulfide and sulfate in the 1991 Pinatubo eruption products. In: Newhall, C. G. & Punongbayan, R. S. (eds) Fire and Mud. Eruptions and Lahars of Mount Pinatubo, Philippines. Seattle: University of Washington Press, pp. 807-824.
33. Hattori, K. & Sato, H. (1996). Magma evolution recorded in plagioclase zoning in 1991 Pinatubo eruption products. American Mineralogist 81, 982-994.
34. 2: a model for melting of a hydrous mineral with a mixed volatile fluid - I. Experimental results to 8 kilobars. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 37, 651-666.
35. Holloway, J. R. (1977). Fugacity and activity of molecular species in supercritical fluids. In: Fraser, D. (ed.) Thermodynamics in Geology. Dordrecht: D. Reidel, pp. 161-181.
36. Holloway, J. R. (1987). Igneous fluids. In: Carmichael, I. S. E. & Eugster, H. P. (eds) Thermodynamic Modelling of Geological Material. Mineralogical Society of America, Reviews in Mineralogy 17, 211-232.
37. 2O on liquidus phase relations in the haplogranite system at 2 and 5 kbar. American Mineralogist 77, 1223-1241.
38. 2O solubility in haplogranitic melts: compositional, pressure, and temperature dependence. American Mineralogist 80, 94-108.
39. Hurwitz, S. & Navon, O. (1994). Bubble nucleation in rhyolitic melts: experiments at high pressure, temperature, and water content. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 122, 267-280.
40. Imai, A., Listanco, E. L. & Fujii, T. (1993). Petrologic and sulfur isotopic significance of highly oxidized and sulfur-rich magma of Mt. Pinatubo, Philippines. Geology 21, 699-702.
41. Imai, A., Listanco, E. L. & Fujii, T. (1996). Highly oxidized and sulfur-rich dacitic magma of Mount Pinatubo: implication for metatlogenesis of porphyry copper mineralization in the Western Luzon arc. In: Newhall, C. G. & Punongbayan, R. S. (eds) Fire and Mud. Eruptions and Lahars of Mount Pinatubo, Philippines. Seattle: University of Washington Press, pp. 865-874.
42. Johnson, M. C. & Rutherford, M. J. (1989). Experimentally determined conditions in the Fish Canyon Tuff, Colorado, magma chamber. Journal of Petrology 30, 711-737.
43. Kress, V. (1997). Magma mixing as a source for Pinatubo sulfur. Nature 389, 591-593.
44. Luhr, J. F. (1990). Experimental phase relations of water- and sulfur-saturated arc magmas and the 1982 eruptions of El Chichòn volcano. Journal of Petrology 31, 1071-1114.
45. Luhr, J. F. (1991). Volcanic shade causes cooling. Nature 354, 104-103.
46. Luhr, J. F. & Melson, W. G. (1996). Mineral and glass compositions in June 15, 1991, pumices: evidence for dynamic disequilibrium in the Pinatubo dacite. In: Newhall, C. G. & Punongbayan, R. S. (eds) Fire and Mud. Eruptions and Lahars of Mount Pinatubo, Philippines. Seattle: University of Washington Press, pp. 733-750.
47. Luhr, J. F., Carmichael, I. S. E., & Varekamp, J. C. (1984). The 1982 eruptions of El Chichòn Volcano, Chiapas, Mexico: mineralogy and petrology of the anhydrite-bearing pumices. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 23, 69-108.
48. Martel, C. (1996). Conditions pré-éruptives et dégazage des magmas andésitiques de la Montagne Pelée (Martinique): étude pétrologique et expérimentale. Ph.D. Thesis, Université d'Orléans, 200 pp.
49. Martel, C., Pichavant, M., Bourdier, J. L., Traineau, H., Holtz, F. & Scaillet, B. (1998). Magma storage conditions and control of eruption regime in silicic volcanoes: experimental evidence from Mt. Pelée. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 156, 89-99.
50. Matthews, S. J., Jones, A. P. & Beard, A. D. (1994). Buffering of melt oxygen fugacity by sulphur redox reactions in calc-alkaline magmas. Journal of Geological Society, London 151, 815-823.
51. Merzbacher, C. & Eggler, D. H. (1984). A magmatic geohygrometer: application to Mount St. Helens and other dacitic magmas. Geology 12, 587-590.
52. Mori, J., Eberhart-Philips, D. & Harlow, D. (1996). Three dimensional velocity structure at Mount Pinatubo, Philippines: resolving magma bodies and earthquake hypocenters. In: Newhall, C. G. & Punongbayan, R. S. (eds) Fire and Mud. Eruptions and Lahars of Mount Pinatubo, Philippines. Seattle: University of Washington Press, pp. 371-382.
53. Nicholls, I. A., Oba, T. & Conrad, W. K. (1992). The nature of primary rhyolitic magmas involved in crustal evolution: evidence from an experimental study of cummingtonite-bearing rhyolites, Taupo volcanic zone, New Zealand. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 56, 955-962.
54. Pallister, J. S., Hoblitt, R. P. & Reyes, A. G. (1992). A basalt trigger for the 1991 eruptions of Pinatubo volcano? Nature 356, 426-428.
55. Pallister, J. S., Hoblitt, R. P., Meeker, G. P., Newhall, C. G., Knight, R. J. & Siems, D. F. (1996). Magma mixing at Mount Pinatubo volcano: petrographical and chemical evidence from the 1991 deposits. In: Newhall, C. G. & Punongbayan, R. S. (eds) Fire and Mud. Eruptions and Lahars of Mount Pinatubo, Philippines. Seattle: University of Washington Press, pp. 687-732.
56. Pasteris, J. D., Wopenka, B., Wang, A. & Harris, T. N. (1996). Relative timing of fluid and anhydrite saturation: another consideration in the sulfur budget of the Mount Pinatubo eruption. In: Newhall, C. G. & Punongbayan, R. S. (eds) Fire and Mud. Eruptions and Lahars of Mount Pinatubo, Philippines. Seattle: University of Washington Press, pp. 875-891.
57. 2O on liquidus phase relations in the haplogranite system at 1 kbar. American Mineralogist 72, 1056-1070.
58. Pownceby, M. I. & O'Neill, H. St. C. (1994). Thermodynamic data from redox reactions at high temperatures. III. Activity-composition relations in Ni-Pd alloys from EMF measurements at 850-1250 K, and calibration of the NiO + Ni-Pd assemblage as a redox sensor. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 116, 327-339.
59. 5 pascals) pressure and at higher temperature. US Geological Survey Bulletin 1452.
60. Roux, J. & Lefèvre, A. (1992). A fast quench device for internally heated pressure vessels. European Journal of Mineralogy 4, 279-281.
61. Rutherford, M. J. & Devine, J. D. (1988). The May 1, 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens: 3, Stability and chemistry of amphibole in the magma chamber. Journal of Geophysical Research 93, 949-959.
62. Rutherford, M. J. & Devine, J. D. (1996). Pre-eruption pressure-temperature conditions and volatiles in the 1991 Mount Pinatubo magma. In: Newhall, C. G. & Punongbayan, R. S. (eds) Fire and Mud. Eruptions and Lahars of Mount Pinatubo, Philippines. Seattle: University of Washington Press, pp. 751-766.
63. Rutherford, M. J., Sigurdsson, H. & Carey, S. (1985). The May 1, 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens: 1, Melt composition and experimental phase equilibria. Journal of Geophysical Research 90, 2929-2947.
64. Sato, H. (1984). Partition relation of K between magma and plagioclase in a suite of volcanic rocks from northeast Shikoku, Japan. Journal of Japanese Association of Mineralogy, Petrology and Economic Geology 79, 47-59.
65. H2 at high temperatures and pressures. American Mineralogist 77, 647-655.
66. Scaillet, B., Pichavant, M. & Roux, J. (1995). Experimental crystallization of leucogranite magmas. Journal of Petrology 36, 663-705.
67. Schmidt, M. S. (1992). Amphibole composition in tonalite as a function of pressure: an experimental calibration of the Al-in-hornblende barometer. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 110, 304-310.
68. 2 in cold seal pressure vessels with the Shaw membrane technique. European Journal of Mineralogy 7, 893-903.
69. Shaw, H. R. & Wones, D. R. (1963). Fugacity coefficients for hydrogen gas between 0° and 1000°C, for pressures to 3000 atm. American Journal of Science 262, 918-929.
70. Silver, L. A., Ihinger, P. D. & Stolper, E. (1990). The influence of bulk composition on the speciation of water in silicate glasses. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 104, 142-162.
71. 2O in calc-alkaline differentiation and subduction zone magmatism. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 113, 143-166.
72. Stormer, J. C. (1983). The effects of recalculation on estimates of temperature and oxygen fugacity from analyses of multi-component iron-titanium oxides. American Mineralogist 68, 586-594.
73. Tait, S., Jaupart, C. & Vergniolle, S. (1989). Pressure, gas content and eruption periodicity of a shallow, crystallizing magma chamber. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 92, 107-123.
74. Taylor, J. R., Wall, V. J. & Pownceby, M. I. (1992). The calibration and application of accurate redox sensors. American Mineralogist 77, 284-295.
75. Wallace, P. J. & Gerlach, T. M. (1994). Magmatic vapor source for sulfur dioxide released during volcanic eruptions: evidence from Mount Pinatubo. Science 265, 497-499.
76. Wallace, P. J., Anderson, A. T. & Davis, A. M. (1995). Quantification of pre-eruptive exsolved gas contents in silicic magmas. Nature 377, 612-615.
77. Webster, J. D., Holloway, J. R. & Hervig, R. L. (1987). Phase equilibria of a Be, U and F-enriched vitrophyre from Spor Mountain, Utah. Geochimica and Cosmochimica Acta 51, 389-402.
78. 2 cloud from the June 15, 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo. Geology 20, 867-870.
79. 2O fugacity on the buffering of oxygen fugacity in hydrothermal experiments. American Mineralogist 57, 1902-1908.