Comparison of anthropometric and cephalometric measurements of the adult face

Journal of Craniofacial Surgery

Volumn 10, Issue 1, 1999, Pages 18-26

  Farkas, Leslie G ^a   Tompson, Bryan ^a   Phillips, John H ^a   Katic, Marko J ^b   Cornfoot, M Lynne ^a  

^a HOSPITAL FOR SICK CHILDREN   (Canada)

^b SUNNYBROOK RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (Canada)

Author keywords

Anthropometric measurements; Cephalometric measurements; Differences

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ANTHROPOMETRY; ARTICLE; CEPHALOMETRY; CLEFT LIP; CLEFT PALATE; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; FACE; FEMALE; HUMAN; INTERMETHOD COMPARISON; MALE; MEASUREMENT; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROGNOSIS; RADIODIAGNOSIS;

EID: 0032933793     PISSN: 10492275     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00001665-199901000-00005     Document Type: Article

References (31)

1. Hellman M. An introduction to growth of the human face from infancy to adulthood. International Journal of Orthodontia 1932;18:777-801
2. Hellman M. Some facial features and their orthodontic implication. Am J Orthod Oral Surg 1939;25:927-951
3. Broadbent H. A new X-ray technique and its application to orthodontia. Angle Orthod 1931;1:45-66
4. Downs WB. Variations in facial relationships: their significance in treatment and prognosis. Am J Orthod 1948;34:812-840
5. Bosman SD, Vineland NJ. Anthropometric method of facial analysis in orthodontics. Am J Orthod 1950;36:749-762
6. Elsasser WA. Studies of dento-facial morphology. Angle Orthod 1951;21:163-171
7. Subtelny JD. A longitudinal study of soft tissue facial structures and their profile characteristics, defined in relation to underlying skeletal structures. Am J Orthod 1959;45:481-507
8. Skotnicky F. Face, its evaluation as well its diagnostic value [in Slovak]. Československá Stomatologie 1962;62:164-179
9. Boersma H. Effect of soft tissue on radiographic measurements of the head. J Dent Res 1974;53:104-107
10. Legan HL, Burstone CJ. Soft tissue analysis for orthognathic surgery. J Oral Surg 1980;38:744-751
11. Holdaway R. A soft-tissue cephalometric analysis and its use in orthodontic treatment planning. Part I. Am J Orthod 1984; 84:1-28
12. Holdaway R. A soft-tissue cephalometric analysis and its use in orthodontic treatment planning. Part II. Am J Orthod 1985; 85:279-293
13. Krogman M. Growth of the head, face, trunk and limbs in Philadelphia white and negro children of elementary and high school. Monogr Soc Res Child Dev 1970;35:1-80
14. Šmahel Z. Craniofacial changes in unilateral cleft lip in adults. Acta Chir Plast 1984;20:129-149
15. Kinnebrew MC, Hoffman DR, Carlton DM. Protecting the softtissue outcome of surgical and orthodontic manipulation of the maxillofacial skeleton. Am J Orthod 1983;84:508-519
16. Farkas LG, ed. Anthropometry of the head and face. 2nd ed. New York: Raven Press, 1994:20-56
17. Moorrees CFA, Kean MR. Natural head position: a basic consideration for analysis of cephalometric radiographs. Am J Phys Anthropol 1958;16:213-234
18. Fleiss JL. The design and analysis of clinical experiments. New York: Wiley, 1986:1-32
19. Savara BS, Tracy WE, Miller PA. Analysis of errors in cephalometric measurements of three-dimensional distances on the human mandible. Arch Oral Biol 1966;11:209-217
20. Carlsson GE. Error in X-ray cephalometry. Scandinavian Dental Journal 1967;75:100-129
21. Midtgard J, Björk G, Linder-Aronson S. Reproducibility of cephalometric landmarks and errors of measurements of cephalometric cranial distances. Angle Orthod 1974;44:56-61
22. Broch J, Slagsvold O, Rosler M. Error in landmark identification in lateral radiographic headplates. Eur J Orthod 1981;3:9-13
23. Farkas LG. Sources of error in anthropometry and anthroposcopy. In Farkas LG (ed): Anthropometry of the head and face. 2nd ed. New York: Raven Press, 1994:57-70
24. Ashley-Montagu MF. Location of the nasion in the living. Am J Phys Anthropol 1935;20:81-93
25. Daniel RK, Farkas LG. Rhinoplasty: image and reality. Clin Plast Surg 1988;15:1-10
26. Saksena SS. A clinical atlas of roentgenographic measurements in norma frontalis. New York: Liss, 1990
27. Saksena SS, Bixler D, Walker GF, Pao-lo Yu. A clinical atlas of roentgenocephalometry in norma lateralis. New York: Liss, 1987
28. Figalová P, Šmahel Z. Irregularities of facial growth within region exposed to the risk of cleft. Acta Univ Carol Biol 1975; 1973:199-207
29. Gianelly A, Dietz VS. Maxillary arch considerations in diagnosis and treatment planning. J Clin Orthod 1982;16:168-172
30. Fitz CR. Radiological evaluation of craniofacial anomalies. Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg 1981;15:199-204
31. McDonnell JP, McNeill RW, West RA. Advancement genioplasty: a retrospective cephalometric analysis of osseous and soft tissue changes. J Oral Surg 1977;35:640-647