Complex political emergencies and the state: Failure and the fate of the state

Third World Quarterly

Volumn 20, Issue 1, 1999, Pages 27-50

  Cliffe, Lionel ^a   Luckham, Robin ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF SUSSEX   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CONFLICT MANAGEMENT; HUMANITARIAN AID; POLITICAL PROCESS; STATE ROLE;

EID: 0032933567     PISSN: 01436597     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/01436599913901     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. For a discussion of the dilemmas of 'humanitarian intervention' see O Rumsbotham & T Woodhouse, Humanitarian Intervention in Contemporary Conflict: A Reconceptualisation, Cambridge; Polity Press, 1996.
2. W Clarke & J Herbst (eds), Learning from Somalia: The Lesions of Armed Humanitarian Intervention, Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1997. It is perhaps of note that this US authored volume makes no reference to the UN report.
3. M Sahnoun, 'Prevention in conflict resolution: the case of Somalia', in H Adam & R Ford (eds), Mending Rips la the Sky: Options for Somali Communities in the 21st Century, Lawrenceville. NJ: Red Sea Press, 1997. See also Sahnoun, Somalia: The Missed Opportunities (Washington, DC: US Institute for Peace. 1994). His rejection of 'quick fixes' is strongly endorsed in G Sorbo, 'From Mogadishu 10 Kinshasa - concluding remarks, in G Sorbo & P Vale (eds), Out of Conflict: From War to Peace in Africa, Uppsala: Nordiska Afrikainstitut, 1997.
4. M Sahnoun, 'Prevention in conflict resolution: the case of Somalia', in H Adam & R Ford (eds), Mending Rips la the Sky: Options for Somali Communities in the 21st Century, Lawrenceville. NJ: Red Sea Press, 1997. See also Sahnoun, Somalia: The Missed Opportunities (Washington, DC: US Institute for Peace. 1994). His rejection of 'quick fixes' is strongly endorsed in G Sorbo, 'From Mogadishu 10 Kinshasa - concluding remarks, in G Sorbo & P Vale (eds), Out of Conflict: From War to Peace in Africa, Uppsala: Nordiska Afrikainstitut, 1997.
5. M Sahnoun, 'Prevention in conflict resolution: the case of Somalia', in H Adam & R Ford (eds), Mending Rips la the Sky: Options for Somali Communities in the 21st Century, Lawrenceville. NJ: Red Sea Press, 1997. See also Sahnoun, Somalia: The Missed Opportunities (Washington, DC: US Institute for Peace. 1994). His rejection of 'quick fixes' is strongly endorsed in G Sorbo, 'From Mogadishu 10 Kinshasa - concluding remarks, in G Sorbo & P Vale (eds), Out of Conflict: From War to Peace in Africa, Uppsala: Nordiska Afrikainstitut, 1997.
6. Joint Evaluation, Joint Evaluation of Emergency Assistance to Rwanda, Copenhagen, 1996.
7. Margaret Anstee, personal communication, February 1998.
8. Quoted from the 'Providence Principles' coming out of en NGO/academic conference. See L Minear & T Weiss (eds), Humanitarian Action in Times of War; A Handbook for Practitioners, Boulder, CO: Lynne Riemer, 1993.
9. Ibid.
10. I W Zartman (ed), Collapsed States: The Disintegration and Restoration of Legitimate Authority, Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 1995.
11. Clarke & Herbst, Learning from Somalia,
12. Ramsbotham & Woodhouse, Humanitarian Intervention in Contemporary Conflict.
13. Ibid., p. 87.
14. R Jackson, Quasi-States: Soverignty, International Relations and the Third World. Cambridge; Cambridge University Press, 1990.
15. L Cliffe, 'Regional dimensions of conflict in the Horn of Africa', paper presented at the Conference of British International Studios Association, Leeds, December 1997; and Cliffe, Regional Dimensions of Conflict in the Horn of Africa & Southern Africa, Centre for Development Studies, University of Leeds, 1998.
16. L Cliffe, 'Regional dimensions of conflict in the Horn of Africa', paper presented at the Conference of British International Studios Association, Leeds, December 1997; and Cliffe, Regional Dimensions of Conflict in the Horn of Africa & Southern Africa, Centre for Development Studies, University of Leeds, 1998.
17. C Clapham, Africa and the International System. The Politics of State Survival, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996, p 163.
18. Zartman, Collapsed States.
19. Sec R Luckham, 'Dilemmas of military disengagement and demilitarisation in Africa', IDS Bulletin, 26(2), 1995, pp. 49-61; and Luckham, 'Democracy and the military: an epitaph for Frankenstein's monster?', Democratization, 3(2), 1996, pp. 1-16.
20. Sec R Luckham, 'Dilemmas of military disengagement and demilitarisation in Africa', IDS Bulletin, 26(2), 1995, pp. 49-61; and Luckham, 'Democracy and the military: an epitaph for Frankenstein's monster?', Democratization, 3(2), 1996, pp. 1-16.
21. Ramibotham & Woodhome, Humanitarian Intervention Contemporary Conflict.
22. D Keen, The Benefits of Famine: A Political Economy of Famine in South-western Sudan, 1983-1989. Princeton, NJ, Princeton University Press, 1994; and Keen, The political economy of war' in F Stewart (ed), The Social and Economic Costs of Conflict in Developing Countries, Report to ESCOR, London, 1997.
23. D Keen, The Benefits of Famine: A Political Economy of Famine in South-western Sudan, 1983-1989. Princeton, NJ, Princeton University Press, 1994; and Keen, The political economy of war' in F Stewart (ed), The Social and Economic Costs of Conflict in Developing Countries, Report to ESCOR, London, 1997.
24. Keen D. The political economy of war.
25. A de Waal. 'Contemporary warfare in Africa: changing context, changing strategies', IDS Bulletin, 27(3), 1996, pp 6-16.
26. C Nordstrom & A Robben (eds), Fieldwork under Fire: Contemporary Studies of Violence & Survival, Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1995.
27. C Clapham (ed), African Guerrillas, Oxford: James Currey, 1998, ch 9.
28. N O'Brien, 'A survey of NGO perceptions', Annexe 2, COPE Briefing Paper, Leeds, Centre for Development Studies, University of Leeds. 1997.
29. A de Waal, Famine Crimes: Politics, and the Disaster Industry in Africa Oxford; James Currey, 1997, ch 10.
30. Waal, 'Contemporary warfare in Africa'.
31. Cliffe, Regional Dimensions of Conflict in the Horn of Africa & Southern Africa.
32. H Byrn, El Salvador's Civil War: A Study of Revolution, Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 1996.
33. See C Batsmen & L Cassanelli (eds), The Struggle for Land in Southern Somalia; The War behind the War, London: Westview/Haan, 1996.
34. A Przeworski, Democracy amid the Market: Political and Economic Reforms in Eastern Europe and Loan America, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991.
35. R Luckham, 'Democracy and the military'.
36. J W Reno, Warlord Politics and African States:, Boulder, CO: Lyane Rienner, 1998.
37. J A Mubarak, 'The "hidden hand" behind the resilience of the stateless economy of Somalia, World Development, 25(12), 1997, pp. 2027-2041.
38. Ibid.