The new herpesviruses: Emerging pathogens of dermatological interest

Archives of Dermatology

Volumn 135, Issue 1, 1999, Pages 71-75

  Drago, Francesco ^a   Rebora, Alfredo ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF GENOA   (Italy)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS; HUMAN; HUMAN HERPESVIRUS 6; HUMAN HERPESVIRUS 7; HUMAN HERPESVIRUS 8; KAPOSI SARCOMA; LATENT VIRUS INFECTION; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASE; VIRAL SKIN DISEASE; VIRUS ISOLATION; VIRUS REACTIVATION; VIRUS TRANSMISSION;

EXANTHEMA SUBITUM; HERPESVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; HERPESVIRUS 6, HUMAN; HERPESVIRUS 8, HUMAN; HUMANS;

EID: 0032930632     PISSN: 0003987X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1001/archderm.135.1.71     Document Type: Review

References (110)

1. Salahuddin SZ, Ablashi DV, Markham PD, et al. Isolation of a new virus. HBLV in patients with lymphoproliferative disorders. Science. 1986;234:596-601.
2. Roizman B, Desroisiers RC, Fleckenstein B, et al. The family Herpesviridae: an update. Arch Virol. 1992;123:425-449.
3. Ablashi DV, Agut H, Bememan Z, et al. Human herpesvirus-6 strain groups: a nomenclature. Arch Virol. 1993;129:363-366.
4. Schirmer EC, Wyatt LS, Yamanishi K, et al. Differentiation between two distinct classes of viruses now classified as human herpesvirus 6. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991;88:5922-5926.
5. Dewhurst S, McIntyre K, Schnabel K, et al. Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) variant B accounts for the majority of symptomatic primary HHV-6 infections in a population of US infants. J Clin Microbiol. 1993;31:416-418.
6. Lusso P, Markham P, Tschachler E, et al. In vitro cellular tropism of human B lymphotropic virus (human herpesvirus 6). J Exp Med. 1988;167:1659-1670.
7. Takahashi K, Sonda S, Higashi K, et al. Predominant CD4 T lymphocyte tropism of human herpesvirus 6 related virus. J Virol. 1989;53:3161-3163.
8. Lusso P, Salahuddin SZ, Ablashi DV, et al. Diverse tropism of human B-lymphotropic virus (human herpesvirus 6). Lancet. 1987;2:743-744.
9. Osman HK, Wells C, Baboonian C, Kangro HO. Growth characteristics of human herpesvirus 6: comparison of antigen production in two cell lines. J Med Virol. 1993;39:303-311.
10. - lymphocytes by HV-1 and HHV-6. Nature. 1989;377:370-373.
11. Briggs M, Fox J, Tedder RS. Age prevalence of antibody to human herpesvirus 6. Lancet. 1988;1:1058-1059.
12. Okuno T, Takahashi K, Balachandra K, et al. Seroepidemiology of human herpesvirus 6 infection in normal children and adults. J Clin Microbiol. 1989;27:651-653.
13. Levy JA, Ferro F, Greenspan D, Lennette ET. Frequent isolation of HHV-6 from saliva and high seroprevalence of the virus in the population. Lancet. 1990;335:1047-1050.
14. Suga S, Yoshikawa T, Asano Y, et al. IgM neutralizing antibody responses to human herpesvirus 6 in patients with exanthem subitum or organ transplantation. Microbiol Immunol. 1992;36:495-506.
15. Cone RW, Huang ML, Ashley R, et al. Human herpesvirus 6 DNA in peripheral blood cells and saliva from immunocompetent individuals. J Clin Microbiol. 1993; 31:1262-1267.
16. Okuno T, Oishi H, Hayashi K, Nonogaki M, Tanaka K, Yamanishi K. Human herpesviruses 6 and 7 in cervixes of pregnant women. J Clin Microbiol. 1995;33:1968-1970.
17. Aubin JT, Poirel L, Agut H, et al. Intrauterine transmission of human herpesvirus 6. Lancet. 1992;340:482-483.
18. Ando Y, Kakimoto K, Ekuni Y, et al. HHV-6 infection during pregnancy and spontaneous abortion [letter]. Lancet. 1992;340:1289.
19. Yamanishi K, Okuno T, Shiraki K, et al. Identification of human herpesvirus-6 as causal agent for exanthem subitum. Lancet. 1988;1:1065-1067.
20. Kusuhara K, Veda K, Miyazaki C, et al. Attack rate of exanthem subitum in Japan [letter]. Lancet. 1992;340:482.
21. Portolani M, Cermelli C, Moroni A, et al. Human herpesvirus 6 infections in infants admitted to hospital. J Med Virol. 1993;39:146-151.
22. Pruk Sananonda P, Hall CB, Insel RA, et al. Primary human herpesvirus 6 infection in young children. N Engl J Med. 1992;326:1445-1450.
23. Segondy M, Astrye J, Atoui N, et al. Herpesvirus 6 infection in young children. N Engl J Med. 1992;327:1099-1100.
24. Irving WL, Cunningham AL. Serological diagnosis of infection with human herpesvirus type 6. BMJ. 1990;300:156-159.
25. Niederman JC, Liu CR, Kaplan MH, et al. Clinical and serological features of human herpesvirus 6 infection in three adults. Lancet. 1988;2:817-819.
26. Akashi K, Eizuru Y, Sumiyoshi Y, et al. Brief report: severe infectious mononucleosis-like syndrome and primary human herpesvirus 6 infection in an adult. N Engl J Med. 1993;329:168-171.
27. Sobue R, Miyazaki H, Okamoto M, et al. Fulminant hepatitis in primary human herpesvirus 6 infection [letter]. N Engl J Med. 1991;324:1290.
28. Kondo K, Kondo T, Okuno T, Takahashi M, Yamanishi K. Latent human herpesvirus 6 infection of human monocytes/macrophages. J Gen Virol. 1991;72:1401-1408.
29. Cone RW, Huang ML, Ashley R, Corey L. Human herpesvirus 6 DNA in peripheral blood cells and saliva from immunocompetent individuals. J Clin Microbiol. 1993;31:1262-1267.
30. Cuende JI, Ruiz J, Civeira MP, Prieto J. High prevalence of HHV-6 DNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of healthy individuals detected by nested PCR. J Med Virol. 1994;43:115-118.
31. Gopal MR, Thomson BJ, Fox J, Tedder RS, Honess RW. Detection by PCR of HHV-6 and EBV DNA in blood and oropharynx of healthy adults and HIV seropositives. Lancet. 1990;1:1598-1599.
32. Sixbey WJ, Nedrud JW, Raab-Traub N, Hanes RA, Pagano JS. Epstein-Barr virus replication in oropharyngeal epithelial cells. N Engl J Med. 1984;310:1225-1230.
33. Fox JD, Briggs M, Ward PA, Tedder RS. Human herpesvirus 6 in salivary glands. Lancet. 1990;336:590-593.
34. Cone RW, Hackman RC, Huang MLW, et al. Human herpesvirus 6 in lung tissue from patients with pneumonitis after bone marrow transplantation. N Engl J Med. 1993;329:156-161.
35. Yoshikawa T, Kojima S, Asano Y. Human herpesvirus 6 infection and bone marrow transplantation. Leuk Lymphoma. 1992;8:65-73.
36. Carrigan DR, Drobyski WR, Russler SK, Tapper MA, Knox KK, Ash RC. Interstitial pneumonitis associated with human herpesvirus 6 after bone marrow transplantation. Lancet. 1991;338:147-149.
37. Singh N, Carrigan DR. Human herpesvirus 6 in transplantation: an emerging pathogen. Ann Intern Med. 1996;124:1065-1071.
38. Corbellino M, Lusso P, Gallo RC, Parravicini C, Galli M, Moroni M. Disseminated human herpesvirus 6 infection in AIDS [letter]. Lancet. 1993;342:1242.
39. Knox KK, Carrigan DR. Disseminated active HHV-6 infections in patients with AIDS. Lancet. 1994;343:577-578.
40. Scheel MM, Rady PL, Tyring SK, Pandya AG. Sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy: presentation as giant granuloma annulare and detection of human herpesvirus 6. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1997;37:643-646.
41. Ruzicka T, Kalka K, Diercks K, Schuppe HC. Papular purpuric "gloves and socks" syndrome associated with human herpesvirus 6 infection. Arch Dermatol. 1998; 134:242-244.
42. Di Luca D, Dolcetti R, Mirandola P, et al. Human herpesvirus 6: a survey of presence and variant distribution in normal peripheral lymphocytes and lymphoproliferative disorders. J Infect Dis. 1994;170:211-215.
43. Luppi M, Marasca R, Barozzi P. Frequent detection of human herpesvirus 6 sequences by polymerase chain reaction in paraffin-embedded lymph nodes from patients with angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy and angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy-like lymphoma. Leuk Res. 1993;17:1003-1011.
44. Flamand L, Stefanescu I, Ablashi DV, et al. Activation of the Epstein-Barr virus replicative cycle by human herpesvirus 6. J Virol. 1993;67:6768-6777.
45. Razzaque A, Williams O, Wang J, et al. Neoplastic transformation of immortalized human epidermal keratinocytes by two HHV-6 DNA clones. Virology 1993; 195:113-120.
46. Leahy MA, Krejci SM, Friednash M, et al. Human herpesvirus 6 is present in lesions of Langerhans cell histiocytosis. J Invest Dermatol. 1993;101:642-645.
47. Michel D, Muller S, Worz S, et al. Human herpesvirus 6 DNA in exanthematous skin in BMT patient [letter]. Lancet 1994;344:686.
48. Appleton AL, Peiri JSM, Taylor CE, Sviland L, Cant AJ. Human herpesvirus 6 DNA in skin biopsy tissue from marrow graft recipients with severe combined immunodeficiency. Lancet. 1994;344:1361-1362.
49. Appleton AL, Sviland L. Pathogenesis of GVHD: role of herpes viruses. Bone Marrow Transplant. 1993;11:349-355.
50. Frenkel N, Schirmer E, Wyatt L, et al. Isolation of a new herpesvirus from CD4 T cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990;87:748-752.
51. Berneman ZN, Ablashi DV, Li G, et al. Human herpesvirus 7 is a T-lymphotropic virus and is related to. but significantly different from, human herpesvirus 6 and human cytomegalovirus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992;89:10552-10556.
52. Lusso P, Secchiero P, Crowley RW, Garzino-Demo A, Berneman ZN, Gallo RC. CD4 is a critical component of the receptor for human herpesvirus 7: interference with human immunodeficiency virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1994;91:3872-3876.
53. Katsafanas GC, Schirmer EC, Wyatt LS, Frenkel N. In vitro activation of human herpesvirus 6 and 7 from latency. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996;93:9788-9792.
54. Ablashi DV, Berneman ZN, Kramarsky B, Whitman J Jr, Asano Y, Pearson GR. Human herpesvirus 7 (HHV-7): current status. Clin Diagn Virol. 1995;4:1-13.
55. Hidaka Y, Liu Y, Yamamoto M, et al. Frequent isolation of human herpesvirus 7 from saliva samples. J Med Virol. 1993;40:343-346.
56. Wyatt LS, Frenkel N. Human herpesvirus 7 is a constitutive inhabitant of adult human saliva. J Virol. 1992;66:3026-3209.
57. Tanaka K, Kondo T, Torigoe S, Okada S, Mukai T, Yamanishi K. Human herpesvirus 7: another causal agent for roseola (exanthem subitum). J Pediatr. 1994;125:1-5.
58. Asano Y, Suga S, Yoshikawa T, Yazaki T, Uchikawa T. Clinical features and viral excretion in an infant with primary human herpesvirus 7 infection. Pediatrics. 1995;95:187-190.
59. Kawa-Ha K, Tanaka K, Inoue M, et al. Isolation of human herpesvirus 7 from a child with symptoms mimicking chronic fatigue Epstein-Barr virus infection. Br J Haematol. 1993;84:545-548.
60. Portolani M, Cermelli C, Mirandola P, Di Luca D. Isolation of human herpesvirus 7 from an infant with febrile syndrome. J Med Virol. 1995;45:282-283.
61. Drago F, Ranieri E, Malaguti F, Losi E, Rebora A. Human herpesvirus 7 in pityriasis rosea. Lancet. 1997;349:1367-1368.
62. Drago F, Ranieri E, Malaguti F, Battifoglio ML, Losi E, Rebora A. Human herpesvirus 7 in patients with pityriasis rosea: electron microscopy investigations and polymerase chain reaction in mononuclear cells, plasma and skin. Dermatology. 1997;195:374-378.
63. Huang LM, Kuo PF, Lee CY, Chen JY, Liu MY, Yang CS. Detection of human herpesvirus 6 DNA by polymerase chain reaction in serum or plasma. J Med Virol. 1992;38:7-10.
64. Secchiero P, Carrigan DR, Asano Y, et al. Detection of human herpesvirus 6 in plasma of children with primary infection and immunosuppressed patients by polymerase chain reaction. J Infect Dis. 1995;171:273-280.
65. Drago F, Ranieri E, Rebora A. Pityriasis rosea and herpesvirus 7: action or interaction [letter]? Dermatology. 1998;197:275.
66. Chang Y, Cesarman E, Pessin MS, et al. Identification of herpesvirus-like DNA sequences in AIDS-associated Kaposi's sarcoma. Science 1994;266:1865-1869.
67. Moore PS, Chang Y. Detection of herpesvirus-like DNA sequences in Kaposi's sarcoma in patients with and without HIV infection. N Engl J Med. 1995;332:1181-1185.
68. Boshoff C, Whitby D, Hatziioannou T, et al. Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus in HIV-negative Kaposi sarcoma. Lancet. 1995;346:1043-1044.
69. Dupin N, Grandadam M, Calvez V, et al. Herpes-like DNA sequences in patients with Mediterranean Kaposi's sarcoma. Lancet. 1995;345:761-762.
70. Ambrosiak JA, Blackbourn DJ, Hendier BG, et al. Herpes-like sequences in HIV infected and uninfected Kaposi's sarcoma patients. Science. 1995;268:582-583.
71. Huang YQ, Li JJ, Kaplan MH, et al. Human herpesvirus-like nucleic acid in various forms of Kaposi's sarcoma. Lancet. 1995;345:759-761.
72. Lebbé C, de Cremoux P, Rybojad M, Costa da Cunha C, Morel P, Calvo F. Kaposi's sarcoma and new herpes virus [letter]. Lancet. 1995;345:1180.
73. Rady PL, Yen A, Martin RW, Nedelcu I, Hughes TK, Tyring SK. Herpesvirus-like DNA sequences in classic Kaposi's sarcoma. J Med Virol. 1995;47:179-183.
74. Rady PL, Hodak E, Yen A, et al. Detection of human herpesvirus 8 DNA in Kaposi's sarcomas from iatrogenically immunosuppressed patients. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1998;38:429-437.
75. Foreman KE, Friborg J, Fong W-P, et al. Propagation of a human herpesvirus from AIDS-associated Kaposi's sarcoma. N Engl J Med. 1997;336:163-171.
76. Blackbourn DJ, Ambroziak J, Lennette E, Adams M, Ramachandran B, Levy JA. Infectious human herpesvirus 8 in a healthy North American blood donor. Lancet. 1997;349:609-611.
77. Whitby D, Howard M, Tenant-Flowers M, et al. Detection of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus in peripheral blood of HIV-infected individuals and progression to Kaposi's sarcoma. Lancet. 1995;346:799-802.
78. Brambilla L, Boneschi V, Berti E, Corbellino M, Parravicini C. HHV-8 cell-associated viraemia and clinical presentation of Mediterranean Kaposi's sarcoma [letter]. Lancet. 1996;347:1338.
79. Boshoff C, Schulz F, Kennedy MM, et al. Kaposi'ssarcoma-associated herpesvirus infects endothelial and spindle cells. Nat Med. 1995;12:1274-1278.
80. Orenstein JM, Alkan S, Blauvelt A, et al. Visualization of human herpesvirus type 8 in Kaposi's sarcoma by light and transmission electron microscopy. AIDS. 1997;11:F35-F45.
81. Monini P, De Lellis L, Fabris M, Rigolin F, Cassai E. Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus DNA sequences in prostate tissue and human semen. N Eng J Med. 1996;334:1168-1172.
82. Lin JC, Lin SC, Mar E-C, et al. Retraction: is Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus in semen of HIV-intected homosexual men [letter]? Lancet. 1998;351:1365.
83. Lin JC, Lin SC, Mar E-C, et al. Is Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus detectable in semen of HIV-infected homosexual men? Lancet. 1995;346:1601-1602.
84. Blackbourn DJ, Lennette ET, Ambroziak J, Mourich DV, Levy JA. Human herpesvirus 8 detection in nasal secretions and saliva. J Infect Dis. 1998;177:213-216.
85. Martin JN, Ganem DE, Osmond DH, Page-Schafer KA, Macrae D, Kedes DH. Sexual transmission and the natural history of human herpesvirus 8 infection. N Engl J Med. 1998;338:948-954.
86. Lennette ET, Blackbourn DS, Levy JA. Antibodies to human herpesvirus type 8 in the general population and in Kaposi's sarcoma patients. Lancet. 1996;348:858-861.
87. Gao SJ, Kingsley L, Li M, et al. KSHV antibodies among Americans. Italians and Ugandians with and without Kaposi's sarcoma. Nat Med. 1996;8:925-928.
88. Simpson GR, Schulz TF, Whitby D, et al. Prevalence of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpevirus infection measured by antibodies to recombinant capsid protein and latent immunofluorescence antigen. Lancet. 1996;349:1133-1138.
89. Kedes DH, Operskalski E, Busch M, Kohn R, Flood J, Ganem D. The seroepidemiology of human herpesvirus 8 (Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus): distribution of infection in KS risk groups and evidence for sexual transmission. Nat Med. 1996;2:918-924.
90. Goedert JJ, Kedes DH, Ganem D. Antibodies to human herpesvirus 8 in women and infants born in Haiti and the USA [letter]. Lancet. 1997;349:1368.
91. Thomas JA, Brookes LA, McGowan I, Weller I, Crawford DH. HHV-8 DNA in normal gastrointestinal mucosa from HIV-seropositive people. Lancet. 1996;347:1337-1338.
92. Kasolo FC, Mpabalwani E, Gompels UA. Infection with AIDS-related herpesviruses in human immunodeficiency virus-negative infants and endemic childhood Kaposi's sarcoma in Africa. J Gen Vrool. 1997;78:847-855.
93. Gompels UA, Kasolo FC. HHV-8 serology and Kaposi's sarcoma. Lancet. 1996; 348:1587-1588.
94. Decker LL, Shankar P, Khan G, et al. The Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is present as an intact latent genome in KS tissue but replicates in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of KS patients. J Exp Med. 1996;184:283-288.
95. Zhong W, Wang M, Hendier B, Ganem D. Restricted expression of Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (human herpesvirus 8) genes in Kaposi sarcoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996;93:6641-6646.
96. Rady PL, Yen A, Rollefson JL, et al. Herpesvirus-like DNA sequences in non-Kaposi's sarcoma skin lesions of transplant patients. Lancet. 1995;345:1339-1340.
97. Boshoff C, Talbot S, Kennedy M, O'Leary J, Schultz T, Chang Y. HHV-8 and skin cancers in immunosuppressed patients. Lancet. 1996;347:338-339.
98. Henghold WB II, Purvis SF, Schaffer J, Leonard DGB, Giam CZ, Wood GS. Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus/human herpesvirus type 8 and Epstein-Barr virus in iatrogenic Kaposi sarcoma. Arch Dermatol. 1997;133:109-110.
99. Cesarman E, Chang Y, Moore P, Said JW, Knowles DM. Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus-like DNA sequences in AIDS-related body-cavity lymphomas. N Engl J Med. 1995;332:1186-1191.
100. Cohen J. Controversy: is KS really caused by new herpesvirus? Science. 1995; 268:1847-1848.
101. Drago F, Rebora A. Role of human herpesvirus 8 in Kaposi sarcoma unclear [letter]. Arch Dermatol. 1997;133:1050.
102. Gyulai R, Kemeny L, Kiss M, Adam E, Nagy F, Dobozy A. Herpesvirus-like DNA sequence in angiosarcoma in a patient without HIV infection. N Engl J Med. 1996;22:540-541.
103. Noel JC, Dethier F, de Dobbeleer G, Heenen M. Demonstration of herpesvirus 8 in a lymphangioma-like Kaposi's sarcoma occurring in a non-immunosuppressed patient. Dermatology. 1997;194:90-91.
104. Gyulai R, Kemeny L, Adam E, et al. HHV-8 DNA in angiolymphoid hyperplasia of the skin. Lancet. 1996;347:1837.
105. Dupin N, Frank N, Calvez V, et al. Lack of evidence of human herpesvirus 8 DNA sequences in HIV-negative patients with various lymphoproliferative disorders of the skin. Br J Dermatol. 1997;136:827-830.
106. Memar OM, Rady PL, Goldblum RM, Yen A, Tyring SK. Human herpesvirus 8 DNA sequences in blistering skin from patients with pemphigus. Arch Dermatol. 1997;133:1247-1251.
107. Di Alberti L, Piattelli A, Artese L, et al. Human herpesvirus 8 variants in sarcoid tissues. Lancet. 1997;350:1655-1661.
108. Rettig MB, Ma HJ, Vescio RA, et al. Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus infection bone marrow dendritic cells from multiple myeloma patients. Science. 1997;276:1851-1854.
109. Soulier J, Grollet L, Oksenhendler E, et al. Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus-like DNA sequences in multicentric Castleman's disease. Blood. 1995; 86:1276-1280.
110. Moore P. Human herpesvirus 8 variants. Lancet. 1998;351:679-680.