Stream channel and vegetation responses to late spring cattle grazing

Journal of Range Management

Volumn 52, Issue 3, 1999, Pages 218-227

  Clary, Warren P ^a  

^a ROCKY MOUNTAIN RESEARCH STATION   (United States)

Author keywords

Fisheries; Livestock management; Mountain meadow; Riparian; Salmonid; Species richness; Streambank stability; Width depth ratio; Willow

Indexed keywords

CATTLE; CHANNEL MORPHOLOGY; ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT; GRAZING; PLANT COMMUNITY; RIPARIAN ZONE;

IDAHO; STANLEY CREEK; UNITED STATES;

ANIMALIA; BOS TAURUS; RIPARIA; SALIX; SALMONIDAE;

EID: 0032923646     PISSN: 0022409X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2307/4003683     Document Type: Article

References (65)

1. Allen, D.R. and C.B. Marlow. 1994. Shoot population dynamics of beaked sedge following cattle grazing. J. Range Manage. 47:64-69.
2. Armour, C., D. Duff, and W. Elmore. 1994. The effects of livestock grazing on western riparian and stream ecosystem. Fisheries 19:9-12.
3. Bjornn, T.C. and D.W. Reiser. 1991. Habitat requirements of salmonids in streams, p. 83-138. In: W.R. Meehan (ed.), Influences of forest and rangeland management on salmonid fishes and their habitats. Amer. Fish. Soc. Spec. Pub. 19. Bethesda, Md.
4. Bryant, L.D. 1985. Livestock management in the riparian ecosystem, p.285-289. In: R.R. Johnson, C.D. Ziebell, D.R. Patton, P.F. Ffolliott, and R.H. Hamre (tech coords.), Riparian ecosystems and their management: reconciling conflicting uses: first North American conference. USDA Forest Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. RM-120. Fort Collins, Colo.
5. Chaney, E., W. Elmore, and W.S. Platts. 1993. Livestock grazing on western riparian areas. Rep. for U.S. Environ. Protection Agency. Northwest Res. Inform. Center, Eagle, Ida.
6. Choate, R. 1962. Geology and ore deposits of the Stanley area. Idaho Bureau of Mines and Geology Pam. 126. Moscow, Ida.
7. Clary, W.P. 1995. Vegetation and soil responses to grazing simulations on riparian meadows. J. Range Manage. 48:18-25.
8. Clary, W.P. and G.D. Booth. 1993. Early season utilization of mountain meadow riparian pastures. J. Range Manage. 46:493-497.
9. Clary, W.P. and B.F. Webster. 1989. Managing grazing of riparian areas in the Intermountain Region. USDA Forest Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-263. Ogden, Ut.
10. Clary, W.P. and B.F. Webster. 1990. Riparian grazing guidelines for the Intermountain Region. Rangelands 12:209-212.
11. Clary, W.P., C.I. Thornton, and S.R. Abt. 1996. Riparian stubble height and recovery of degraded streambanks. Rangelands 18:137-140.
12. Daubenmire, R. 1959. A canopy-coverage method of vegetational analysis. Northwest Sci. 33:43-64.
13. Dobson, A.T. 1973. Changes in the structure of a riparian community as the result of grazing. Proc. New Zealand Ecol. Soc. 20:58-64.
14. Dovel, R. L. 1996. Cutting height effects on wetland meadow forage yield and quality. J. Range Manage. 49:151-156.
15. Dunaway, D., S.R. Swanson, J. Wendel, and W. Clary. 1994. The effect of herbaceous plant communities and soil textures on particle erosion of alluvial streambanks. Geomorph. 9:47-56.
16. Ehrhart, R.C. and P.L. Hansen. 1997. Effective cattle management in riparian zones: a field survey and literature review. USDI Bur. Land Manage. Mont. BLM Riparian Tech. Bull. 3. Missoula, Mont.
17. Garrison, G.A., A.J. Bjugstad, D.A. Duncan, M.E. Lewis, and D.R. Smith. 1977. Vegetation and environmental features of forest and range ecosystems. USDA Forest Serv. Agr. Handb. 475. Washington, D.C.
18. Goodman, T., G.B. Donart, H.E. Kiesling, J.L. Holechek, J.P. Neel, D. Manzanares, and K.E. Severson. 1989. Cattle behavior with emphasis on time and activity allocations between upland and riparian habitats, p. 95-102. In: R.E. Gresswell, B.A. Barton, and J.L. Kershner (eds.), Practical approaches to riparian resource management: an educational workshop. USDI Bur. Land Manage. Billings, Mont.
19. Green, D.M. and J.B. Kauffman. 1995. Succession and livestock grazing in a northeastern Oregon riparian ecosystem. J. Range Manage. 48:307-313.
20. Hall, F.C. and L. Bryant. 1995. Herbaceous stubble height as a warning of impending cattle grazing damage to riparian areas. USDA Forest Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-362. Portland, Ore.
21. Hansen, P.L., R.D. Pfister, K. Boggs, B.J. Cook, J. Joy, and D.K. Hinckley. 1995. Classification and management of Montana's riparian and wetland sites. Mont. Forest and Conserv. Exp. Sta. Misc. Pub. 54. Missoula, Mont.
22. Hawkins, C.P. 1994. What are riparian ecosystems and why are we worried about them?, p. 1-9. In: G.A. Rasmussen and J.P. Dobrowolski (eds.), Riparian resources: a symposium on the disturbances, management, economics, and conflicts associated with riparian ecosystems. Utah State Univ. Logan, Ut.
23. Hayes, F.A. 1978. Streambank stability and meadow condition in relation to livestock grazing in mountain meadows of central Idaho. M.S. Thesis, Univ. Idaho. Moscow, Ida.
24. Kauffman, J.B., W.C. Krueger, and M. Vavra. 1983. Effects of late season cattle grazing on riparian plant communities. J. Range Manage. 36:685-691.
25. Kleinfelder, D., S. Swanson, G. Norris, and W. Clary. 1992. Unconfined compressive strength of some Streambank soils with herbaceous roots. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. J. 56:1920-1925.
26. Knapp, R.A. and K.R. Matthews. 1996. Livestock grazing, golden trout, and streams in the Golden Trout Wilderness, California: impacts and management implications. North Amer. J. Fish. Manage. 16:805-820.
27. Kondolf, G.M. 1993. Lag in stream channel adjustment to livestock exclosure, White Mountains, California. Restor. Ecol. 1:226-230.
28. Kondolf, G.M., R. Kattelmann, M. Embury, and D.C. Erman. 1996. Status of riparian habitat, p. 1009-1030. In: Sierra Nevada Ecosystem Project Final Report to Congress. Vol II. Wildland Resour. Center Rep. 37. Univ. Calif., Davis, Calif.
29. Kovalchik, B.L. 1987. Riparian zone associations: Deschutes, Ochoco, Fremont, and Winema National Forests. USDA Forest Serv. Reg. 6. Ecol. Tech. Pap. 279-87. Portland, Ore.
30. Kovalchik, B.L. and W. Elmore. 1992. Effects of cattle grazing systems on wil-low-dominated plant associations in central Oregon, p. 111-119. In: W.P. Clary, E.D. McArthur, D. Bedunah, and C.L. Wambolt (comps.), Proceedings - symposium on ecology and management of riparian shrub communities. USDA Forest Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-289. Odgen, Ut.
31. Kozel, S.J., W.A. Hubert, and M.G. Parsons. 1989. Habitat features and trout abundance relative to gradient in some Wyoming streams. Northwest Sci. 63:175-182.
32. Krueger, W.C. 1983. Cattle grazing in managed forests, p. 29-41. In: B.F. Roche, Jr. and D.M. Baumgartner (comps.), Forestland grazing: symp. proc. Wash. State Univ. Spokane, Wash.
33. Lamman, J.S. 1994. Effects of season and intensity of defoliation on two important montane riparian species. M.S. Thesis, Colo. State Univ. Fort Collins, Colo.
34. Leopold, L.B. 1994. A view of the river. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass.
35. Li, H.W., G.A. Lamberti, T.N. Pearsons, C.K. Tait, J.L. Li, and J.C. Buckhouse. 1994. Cumulative effects of riparian disturbances along high desert trout streams of the John Day Basin, Oregon. Trans. Amer. Fish. Soc. 123:627-640.
36. Marlow, C.B. and T.M. Pogacnik. 1985. Time of grazing and cattle-induced damage to streambanks, p. 279-284. In: R.R. Johnson, C.D. Ziebell, D.R. Patton, P.F. Ffolliott, R.H. Hamre (tech. coords.), Riparian ecosystems and their management: reconciling conflicting uses: first North American conference. USDA Forest Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. RM-120. Fort Collins, Colo.
37. Marlow, C.B. and T.M. Pogacnik. 1986. Cattle feeding and resting patterns in a foothills riparian zone. J. Range Manage. 39:212-217.
38. Meehan, W.R., F.J. Swanson, and J.R. Sedell. 1977. Influences of riparian vegetation on aquatic ecosystems with particular reference to salmonid fishes and their food supply, p. 137-145. In: R.R. Johnson and D.A. Jones (tech. coords.), Importance, preservation and management of riparian habitat: a symposium. USDA Forest Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. RM-43. Fort Collins, Colo.
39. Morisawa, M. 1968. Streams: their dynamics and morphology. McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, N.Y.
40. Murphy, M.L. and W.R. Meehan. 1991. Stream ecosystems, p. 17-46. In: W.R. Meehan (ed.), Influences of forest and rangeland management on salmonid fishes and their habitats. Amer. Fish. Soc. Spec. Pub. 19. Bethesda, Md.
41. Myers, L.H. 1989. Grazing and riparian management in southwestern Montana, p.117-120. In: R.E. Gresswell, B.A. Barton, and J.L. Kershner (eds.), Practical approaches to riparian resource management: an educational workshop. USDI Bur. Land Manage. Billings, Mont.
42. Myers, T.J. and S. Swanson. 1995. Impact of deferred rotation grazing on stream characteristics in central Nevada: a case study. North Amer. J. Fish. Manage. 15:428-439.
43. Olson-Rutz, K.M. and C.B. Marlow. 1992. Analysis and interpretation of stream channel cross-sectional data. North Amer. J. Fish. Manage. 12:55-61.
44. Overton, C.K., J.D. McIntyre, R. Armstrong, S.L. Whitwell, and K.A. Duncan. 1995. User's guide to fish habitat: descriptions that represent natural conditions in the Salmon River Basin, Idaho. USDA Forest Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-GTR-322. Ogden, Ut.
45. Pechanec, J.F. and G.D. Pickford. 1937. A comparison of some methods of determining percentage utilization of range grasses. J. Agr. Res. 54:753-765.
46. Peek, J. and J. Gebhardt. 1980. Report on fieldtrip to riparian zones in Sawtooth National Recreation Area and vicinity, Idaho. The Wildlifer 183:56.
47. Pelster, A. 1998. Steer diets and livestock management in a montane riparian zone. M.S. Thesis, Colo. State Univ. Fort Collins, Colo.
48. Platts, W.S. 1991. Livestock grazing, p.389-423. In: W.R. Meehan (ed.), Influences of forest and rangeland management on salmonid fishes and their habitats. Amer. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. 19. Bethesda, Md.
49. Platts, W.S. and R.L. Nelson. 1985. Impacts of rest-rotation grazing on stream banks in forested watersheds in Idaho. North Amer. J. Fish. Manage. 5:547-556.
50. Platts, W.S., C. Armour, G.D. Booth, M. Bryant, J.L. Bufford, P. Cuplin, S. Jensen, G.W. Lienkaemper, G.W. Minshall, S.B. Monsen, R.L. Nelson, J.R. Sedell, and J.S. Tuhy. 1987. Methods for evaluating riparian habitats with applications to management. USDA Forest Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-221. Ogden, Ut.
51. Reid, E.H. and G.D. Pickford. 1946. Judging mountain meadow range condition in eastern Oregon and eastern Washington. USDA Circ. 748. Washington, D.C.
52. Rinne, J.N. 1988. Grazing effects on stream habitat and fishes: research design considerations. North Amer. J. Fish. Manage. 8:240-247.
53. Rosgen, D.L. 1994. A classification of natural rivers. Catena 22:169-199.
54. Schulz, T.T. and W.C. Leininger. 1990. Differences in riparian vegetation structure between grazed areas and exclosures. J. Range Manage. 43:295-299.
55. Siekert, R.E., Q.D. Skinner, M.A. Smith, J.L. Dodd, and J.D. Rodgers. 1985. Channel response of an ephemeral stream in Wyoming to selected grazing treatments, p. 276-278. In: R.R. Johnson, C.D. Ziebell, D.R. Patton, P.F. Ffolliott, R.H. Hamre (tech. coords.), Riparian ecosystems and their management: reconciling conflicting uses: first North American conference. USDA Forest Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. RM-120. Fort Collins, Colo.
56. Swanson, S. 1988. Riparian values as a focus for range management and vegetation science, p. 425-445. In: P.T. Tueller (ed.), Vegetation science applications for rangeland analysis and management. Kluwer Academic Publ., Boston, Mass.
57. Trimble, S.W. and A.C. Mendel. 1995. The cow as a geomorphic agent - a critical review. Geomorph. 13:233-253.
58. Tuhy, J.S. and S. Jensen. 1982. Riparian classification for the Upper Salmon/Middle Fork Salmon River Drainages, Idaho. Final Rep. to USDA Forest Serv., Region IV. White Horse Assoc., Smithfield, Ut.
59. US General Accounting Office. 1988. Public rangelands: some riparian areas restored but widespread improvement will be slow. GAO/RCED-88-105. Gaithersburg, Md.
60. USDA Forest Service. 1992. Integrated riparian evaluation guide. USDA For. Serv., Intermountain Region. Ogden, Ut.
61. Van Noy, R.M., J. Ridenour, N.T. Zilka, F.E. Federspiel, R.K. Evans, E.T. Tuchek, and A.B. McMahan. 1986. Economic appraisal of the eastern part of the Sawtooth National Recreation Area, ID. US Geol. Surv. Bull. 1545-E. Washington, D.C.
62. Waters, T.F. 1995. Sediment in streams: sources, biological effects and control. Amer. Fish. Soc. Mongr. 7. Bethesda, Md.
63. Winward, A.H. 1986. Vegetation characteristics of riparian areas. Trans. West. Sect. The Wildl. Soc. 22:98-101.
64. Winward, A.H. 1994. Management of livestock in riparian areas, p.49-52. In: G.A. Rasmussen and J.P. Dobrowolski (eds.), Riparian resources: a symposium on the disturbances, management, economics, and conflicts associated with riparian ecosystems. Utah State Univ. Logan, Ut.
65. Zweygardt, L.R. and J.C. Buckhouse. 1996. Evaluation of a riparian classification protocol, p. 88. Private rangelands: stewardship and responsibility. Abstracts 49th Annual Meeting, Soc. Range Manage. Wichita, Kan.