The effect of snow on Antarctic sea ice simulations in a coupled atmosphere-sea ice model

Climate Dynamics

Volumn 15, Issue 2, 1999, Pages 127-143

  WU, X ^a   Budd, W F ^b   Lytle, V I ^a   Massom, R A ^b  

^a AUSTRALIAN ANTARCTIC DIVISION   (Australia)

^b ANTARCTIC CLIMATE AND ECOSYSTEMS COOPERATIVE RESEARCH CENTRE   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ABLATION; ACCUMULATION; CLIMATE MODELING; SEA ICE; SNOW COVER;

ANTARCTICA;

EID: 0032921674     PISSN: 09307575     EISSN: 14320894     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s003820050272     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. Ackley SF, Lange MA, Wadhams P (1990) Snow cover effects on Antarctic sea ice thickness. CRREL Monograph 90-1, Sea Ice Properties and Processes, US Army Cold Reg Eng Lab, Hanover. NH, 16-21
2. Andreas EL, Ackley SF (1982) On the differences in ablation seasons of Arctic and Antarctic sea ice. J Atmos Sci 39: 440-447
3. Badgley FI (1966) Heat budget at the surface of the Arctic Ocean. Proc Symp Arctic heat budget and atmospheric circulation. In: Fletcher JO (ed) The RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, California, RM-5233-NSF, pp 267-277
4. Boer GJ, Arpe K, Blackburn M, Deque M, Gates WL, Hart TL, le Treut H, Roeckner E, Sheinin DA, Simmonds I, Smith RNB, Tokioka T, Wetherald RT, Williamson D (1992) An intercomparison of the climates simulated by 14 atmospheric general circulation models. J Geophys Res 97: 12771-12786
5. Budd WF, Simmonds I (1991) The impact of global warming on the Antarctic mass balance and global sea level. In: Weller G, Wilsan CL, Severin BAB (eds) Proc Int Conf role of the polar regions in global change, 11-15 June, 1990, Geophysical Institute Publication, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, pp 489-494
6. Budd WF, Simmonds I, Wu X (1991) The physical basis for a dynamic Antarctic sea-ice model for use with an atmospheric GCM. Ann Glaciol 15: 196-203
7. Budd WF, Wu X, Reid PA (1997) Physical characteristics of Antarctic sea ice zone derived from modelling and observations. Ann Glaciol 25: 1-7
8. Colbeck SC (1982) An overview of seasonal snow metamorphism. Rev Geophys Space Phys 20: 45-61
9. Crane D, Wadhams P (1996) Sea-ice motion in the Weddell Sea from drifting-buoy and AVHRR data. J Glaciol 42: 249-254
10. Dalrymple PC, Lettau HH, Wollaston SH (1966) South Pole micro-meteorology program: data analysis. In: Rubin MJ (ed) studies in Antarctic meteorology, Antarctic Research Series, 9, AGU, 13-49
11. Eicken H, Fischer H, Lemke P (1995) Effects of the snow cover on Antarctic sea ice and potential modulation of its response to climate change. Ann Glaciol 21: 369-376
12. Fischer H, Lemke P (1994) On the required accuracy of atmospheric forcing fields for driving dynamic-thermodynamic sea ice models. In: Johnanessen OM, Muench RD, Overland IE (eds) The polar oceans and their role in shaping the global environment. Geophysical Monograph 85, AGU, 373-379
13. Flato GM, Hibler WD III (1992) Modeling pack ice as a cavitating fluid. J Phys Oceanogr 22: 626-651
14. Flato GM, Brown RD (1996) Variability and climate sensitivity of landfast Arctic sea ice. J Geophys Res 101 C10: 25 767-25 777
15. Gordon AL (1981) Seasonality of Southern Ocean sea ice. J Geophys Res 86 C5: 4193-4197
16. Gordon AL, Huber BA (1990) Southern Ocean winter mixed layer. J Geophys Res 95 C7: 11 655-11 672
17. Häkkinen S (1995) Seasonal simulation of the Southern Ocean coupled ice-ocean system. J Geophys Res 100 C11: 22733-22748
18. Holland MM, Curry JA, Schramm JL (1997) Modelling the thermodynamics of a sea ice thickness distribution. 2. Sea ice/ocean interactions. J Geophys Res 102 C10: 23093-23107
19. Ledley TS (1985) Sea ice: multiyear cycle and white ice. J Geophys Res 90 D3: 5676-5686
20. Ledley TS (1991) Snow on sea ice: competing effects in shaping climate. J Geophys Res 96 D9: 17195-17208
21. Ledley TS (1993a) Sea ice: a factor in influencing climate on short and long time scales. In: Peltier WR (ed) Ice in the climate system. NATO ASI Series, vol I 12, Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg, pp 533-556
22. Ledley TS (1993b) Variations in snow on sea ice: a mechanism for producing climate variations. J Geophys Res 98 D9: 10 401-10 410
23. Ledley TS, Pfirman P (1997) The impact of sediment-laden snow and sea ice in the Arctic on climate, Clim Change 37: 641-664
24. Legates DR, Willmott CJ (1990) Mean seasonal and spatial variability in gauge-corrected, global precipitation. Int J Climatol 10: 111-127
25. Massom RA, Lytle VI, Worby AP, Allison I Winter snow cover variability on East Antarctic sea ice. J Geophys Res 103 C11: 24837-24855
26. Maykut GA (1986) The surface heat and mass balance. In: Untersteiner N (ed) The geophysics of sea ice. Plenum, New York, pp 395-463
27. Oberhuber JM, Holland DM, Mysak LA (1993) A thermodynamic-dynamic snow sea-ice model. In: Peltier WR (ed) Ice in the climate system. NATO ASI Series, vol I 12, Springer-Verlag. Berlin Heidelberg, pp 653-673
28. Owens WB, Lemke P (1990) Sensitivity studies with a sea ice-mixed layer-pycnocline model in the Weddell Sea. J Geophys Res 95 C6: 9527-9538
29. Parkinson CL (1995) Recent sea-ice advances in Baffin Bay/Davis Strait and retreats in the Bellingshausen Sea. Ann Glaciol 21: 348-352
30. Parkinson CL, Washington WM (1979) A large-scale numerical model of sea ice. J Geophys Res 84 C1: 311-337
31. Ross B, Walsh JE (1987) A comparison of simulated and observed fluctuations in summertime Arctic surface albedo. J Geophys Res 92 C12: 13115-13125
32. Semtner AJ Jr (1976) A model for the thermodynamic growth of sea ice in numerical investigations of climate. J Phys Oceanogr 6: 379-389
33. Simmonds I (1990) Improvements in general circulation model performance in simulating Antarctic climate. Antarctic Sci 2: 287-300 (Note Correction in vol 3, p. 230.)
34. Stössel A, Lemke P, Owens WB (1989) Coupled sea ice-mixed layer simulations for the Southern Ocean. Max-Planck-Institut für Meteorologie, Rep 30, Hamburg
35. Stössel A, Lemke P, Owens WB (1990) Coupled sea ice-mixed layer simulations for the Southern Ocean. J Geophys Res 95 C6: 9539-9555
36. Sturm M, Johnson JB (1992) Thermal conductivity measurements of depth hoar. J Geophys Res 97: 2129-2139
37. Sturm M, Morris K, Massom R (1998) The winter snow cover of the West Antarctic pack ice: its spatial and temporal variability. In: Jeffries MO (ed), Antarctic sea ice physical processes, interactions and variability, Antarct Res Ser 74: 19-40, AGU Washington DC
38. Upadhyay DS (1995) Cold climate hydrometeorology. John Wiley and Sons, New York 345pp
39. Wadhams P, Lange MA, Ackley SF (1987) The ice thickness distribution across the Atlantic sector of the Antarctic Ocean in midwinter. J Geophys Res 92 C13: 14535-14552
40. 2. J Geophys Res 101 D8: 12795-12801
41. Weller G (1968) The heat budget and heat transfer processes in Antarctic Plateau ice and sea ice. ANARE Scientific Report. 102, Australian Antarctic Division, Melbourne, 155pp
42. Worby AP, Wu X (1998) East Antarctic sea ice: observations and modelling. Ann Glaciol 27: (in press)
43. Worby AP, Jeffries MO, Weeks WF, Morris K, Jaña R (1996) The thickness distribution of sea ice and snow cover during late winter in the Bellingshausen and Amundsen Seas, Antarctica. J Geophys Res 101 C12: 28441-28455
44. Wu X (1993) A global sea ice model and its use in climate studies. PhD Thesis, University of Melbourne, 299pp
45. Wu X, Budd WF (1997) The effect of oceanic heat flux on the simulation of Antarctic sea ice. In: Proc Fifth Int Conf Southern Hemisphere Meteorology and Oceanography, Pretoria, South Africa. April 1997, American Meteorological Society, pp 366-367
46. Wu X, Simmonds I, Budd WF (1996) Comparison of sea ice simulations with interactive and monthly averaged forcing models. J Geophys Res 101 D5: 9359-9374
47. Wu X, Simmonds I, Budd WF (1997a) Modeling of Antarctic sea ice in a general circulation model. J Clim 10 4: 593-609
48. Wu X, Budd WF, Simmonds I (1997b) Sensitivity of the Antarctic sea ice distribution to its advection in a general circulation model. Antarctic Sci 9: 445-455
49. Wu X, Budd WF, Simmonds I, Allison I (1997c) On the simulation of Antarctic sea ice in an AGCM. In: Proc 1997 Joint Assemblies of the International Association of Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences and International Association for Physical Sciences of the Oceans, IAMAS-IAPSO, Melbourne, 1-9 July, 1997, WP1-1, (Abstr)
50. Yen YC (1981) Review of thermal properties of snow, ice and sea water. CRREL Report 8-10, US Army Corps of Eng. Hanover, NH