Interannual thermohaline changes in the northern North Atlantic 1991-1996

Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography

Volumn 46, Issue 1-2, 1999, Pages 55-75

  Bersch, Manfred ^a,b   Meincke, Jens ^a   Sy, Alexander ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF HAMBURG   (Germany)

^b FEDERAL MARITIME AND HYDROGRAPHIC AGENCY   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

TEMPORAL VARIATION; THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION;

(NORTH); ATLANTIC OCEAN;

EID: 0032913471     PISSN: 09670645     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0967-0645(98)00114-3     Document Type: Article

References (34)

1. Arhan, M., 1990. The North Atlantic Current and Subarctic Intermediate Water. Journal of Marine Research 48, 109-144.
2. Belkin, I., Levitus, S., 1996. Temporal variability of the Subarctic Front near the Charlie-Gibbs Fracture Zone. Journal of Geophysical Research 101, 28 317-28 324.
3. Belkin, I., Levitus, S., Antonov, J., Malmberg, S.-A., 1998. Great Salinity Anomalies in the North Atlantic. Progress in Oceanography 41, 1-68.
4. Bersch, M., 1995. On the circulation of the northeastern North Atlantic. Deep-Sea Research 42, 1583-1607.
5. Cayan, D.R., 1992. Latent and sensible heat flux anomalies over the northern oceans: driving the sea surface temperature. Journal of Physical Oceanography 22, 859-881.
6. Colebrook, J.M., Taylor, A.H., 1979. Year-to-year changes in sea-surface temperature, North Atlantic and North Sea, 1948-1974. Deep-Sea Research 26, 825-850.
7. Curry, R.G., McCartney, M.S., Joyce, T.M., 1998. Oceanic transport of subpolar climate signals to mid-depth subtropical waters. Nature 391, 575-577.
8. Dickson, R.R., Meincke, J., Malmberg, S.-A., Lee, A.J., 1988. The Great Salinity Anomaly in the northern North Atlantic 1968-1982. Progress in Oceanography 20, 103-151.
9. Dickson, R., Lazier, J., Meincke, J., Rhines, P., Swift, J., 1996. Long-term coordinated changes in the convective activity of the North Atlantic. Progress in Oceanography 38, 241-295.
10. Ellett, D.J., 1993. Transit times to the NE Atlantic of Labrador Sea Water signals Report C.M.1993/G25, International Council for the Exploration of the Sea, 12 pp.
11. Fukumori, I., Martel, F., Wunsch, C, 1991. The hydrography of the North Atlantic in the early 1980s. An atlas. Progress in Oceanography 27, 1-110.
12. Grant, A.B., 1968. Atlas of oceanographie sections, Davis Strait-Labrador Basin-Denmark Strait-Newfoundland Basin, 1965-1967. Atlantic Oceanographie Laboratory, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Dartmouth, Canada, 80 pp.
13. Grötzner, A., Latif, M., Barnett, T.P., 1998. A decadal climate cycle in the North Atlantic Ocean as simulated by the ECHO coupled GCM. Journal of Climate 11, 831-847.
14. Hansen, D.V., Bezdek, H.F., 1996. On the nature of decadal anomalies in the North Atlantic sea surface. Journal of Geophysical Research 101, 8749-8758.
15. Hurrell, J.W., 1995. Decadal trends in the North Atlantic Oscillation: regional temperatures and precipitation. Science 269, 676-679.
16. Jonsson, S., 1991. Seasonal and interannual variability of wind stress curl over the Nordic Sea. Journal of Geophysical Research 96, 2649-2659.
17. Lazier, J.R.N., 1995. The salinity decrease in the Labrador Sea over the past 30 years. In: Martinson, D.G. et al. (Eds.), Natural Climate Variability on Decade-to-Century Time Scales. National Academy Press, Washington, DC, pp. 295-305.
18. Leetmaa, A., Bunker, A.F., 1978. Updated charts of the mean annual wind stress, convergences in the Ekman Layers, and Sverdrup transports in the North Atlantic. Journal of Marine Research 36, 311-322.
19. Levitus, S., 1989a. Interpentadal variability of salinity in the upper 150m of the North Atlantic Ocean, 1970-1974 versus 1955-1959. Journal of Geophysical Research 94, 9679-9685.
20. Levitus, S., 1989b. Interpentadal variability of temperature and salinity at intermediate depths of the North Atlantic Ocean, 1970-1974 versus 1955-1959. Journal of Geophysical Research 94, 6091-6131.
21. Levitus, S., 1990. Interpentadal variability of steric sea level and geopotential thickness of the North Atlantic Ocean, 1970-1974 versus 1955-1959. Journal of Geophysical Research 95, 5233-5238.
22. Levitus, S., Antonov, J.I., Boyer, T.P., 1994. Interannual variability of temperature at a depth of 125 m in the North Atlantic Ocean. Science 266, 96-99.
23. McCartney, M.S., Talley, L.D., 1982. The Subpolar Mode Water of the North Atlantic Ocean. Journal of Physical Oceanography 12, 1169-1188.
24. Molinari, R.L., Mayer, D.A., Festa, J.F., Bezdek, H.F., 1997. Multiyear variability in the near-surface temperature structure of the midlatitude western North Atlantic Ocean. Journal of Geophysical Research 102, 3267-3278.
25. Read, J.F., Gould, W.J., 1992. Cooling and freshening of the subpolar North Atlantic Ocean since the 1960s. Nature 360, 55-57.
26. Reverdin, G., Cayan, D., Kushnir, Y., 1997. Decadal variability of hydrography in the upper northern North Atlantic in 1948-1990. Journal of Geophysical Research 102, 8505-8531.
27. Rogers, J.C., 1984. The association between the North Atlantic Oscillation and the Southern Oscillation in the Northern Hemisphere. Monthly Weather Review 112, 1999-2015.
28. Sutton, R.T., Allen, M.R., 1997. Decadal predictability of the North Atlantic sea surface temperature and climate. Nature 388, 563-567.
29. Sy, A., Koltermann, K.P., Paul, U., 1997a. Observing opposing temperature changes in the upper and intermediate layers of the North Atlantic Ocean. International WOCE Newsletter 26, 30-33.
30. Sy, A., Rhein, M., Lazier, J., Koltermann, K.P., Meincke, J., Putzka, A., Bersch, M., 1997b. Surprisingly rapid spreading of newly formed intermediate waters across the North Atlantic Ocean. Nature 386, 675-679.
31. Sy, A., Schauer, U., Meincke, J., 1992. The North Atlantic Current and its associated hydrographie structure above and eastwards of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Deep-Sea Research 39, 825-853.
32. Talley, L.D., McCartney, M.S., 1982. Distribution and circulation of Labrador Sea Water. Journal of Physical Oceanography 12, 1189-1205.
33. White, M.A., Heywood, K.J., 1995. Seasonal and interannual changes in the North Atlantic subpolar gyre from Geosat and Topex/Poseidon altimetry. Journal of Geophysical Research 100, 24931-24941.
34. WOCE International Project Office, 1994. Operations and Methods, WOCE Hydrographie Programme, WOCE Report No. 68/91, Woods Hole, MA, USA.