ACR appropriateness criteria

International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics

Volumn 43, Issue 1, 1999, Pages 125-168

  Leibel, Steven A ^a  

^a MEMORIAL SLOAN KETTERING CANCER CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; BREAST CANCER; CANCER GRADING; CANCER RADIOTHERAPY; CANCER STAGING; CLINICAL PATHWAY; HEALTH CARE POLICY; HEALTH CARE QUALITY; HUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROSTATE CANCER; QUALITY CONTROL; RATING SCALE; TREATMENT INDICATION; TREATMENT PLANNING;

BONE NEOPLASMS; BREAST NEOPLASMS; CARCINOMA IN SITU; CARCINOMA, DUCTAL, BREAST; CARCINOMA, NON-SMALL-CELL LUNG; COMBINED MODALITY THERAPY; FEMALE; HUMANS; LUNG NEOPLASMS; MALE; MASTECTOMY; NEOPLASM STAGING; NEOPLASMS; PROSTATECTOMY; PROSTATIC NEOPLASMS; RADIOTHERAPY DOSAGE; SPINAL CORD COMPRESSION;

EID: 0032899854     PISSN: 03603016     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0360-3016(98)00382-4     Document Type: Article

References (190)

1. Whitmore W.F. Overview. Historical and contemporary. NCI Monogr. 7:1988;7-11.
2. Consensus statement The management of clinically localized prostate cancer . NCI Monogr. 7:1988;3-6.
3. A decision analysis of alternative treatment strategies for clinically localized prostate cancer. JAMA. 269:1993;2650-2658.
4. Moore M.J., O'Sullivan B., Tannock I.F. How expert physicians would wish to be treated if they had geniourinary cancer. J Clin Oncol. 6:1988;1736-1745.
5. Whitmore W.F. Management of clinically localized prostatic cancer An unresolved problem . JAMA. 269:1993;2676-2677.
6. Perez C.A., Cosmatos D., Garcia D.M., Eisbruch A., Poulter C.A. Irradiation in relapsing carcinoma of the prostate. Cancer. 71:1993;1110-1122.
7. Perez C.A., Lee H.K., Georgiou A., Logsdon M.D., Lai P.P., Lockett M.A. Technical and tumor-related factors affecting outcome of definitive irradiation for localized carcinoma of the prostate. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 26:1993;581-591.
8. Perez C.A., Pilepich M.V., Zivnuska F. Tumor control in definitive irradiation of localized carcinoma of the prostate. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 12:1986;523-531.
9. Hanks G.E., Martz K.L., Diamond J.J. The effect of dose on local control of prostate cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 15:1988;1299-1305.
10. McGowan D.G. The value of extended field radiation therapy in carcinoma of the prostate. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 7:1981;1333-1339.
11. Ploysongsang S.S., Aron B.S., Shehata W.M. Radiation therapy in prostate cancer Whole pelvis with prostate boost or small field to prostate? Urology. 40:1992;18-26.
12. Bagshaw M.A. Radiotherapeutic treatment of prostatic carcinoma with pelvic node involvement. Urol Clin North Am. 2:1984;297-303.
13. Spaas P.G., Bagshaw M.A., Cox R.S. The value of extended field irradiation in surgically staged carcinoma of the prostate. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 15:(Suppl. 1):1988;133-134.
14. Asbell S.O., Krall J.M., Pilepich M.V., Baerwald H., Sause W.T., Hanks G.E., et al. Elective pelvic irradiation in stage A2, B carcinoma of the prostate Analysis of RTOG 77-06 . Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 15:1988;1307-1316.
15. Fuks Z., Leibel S.A., Wallner K.E., Begg C.B., Fair W.R., Anderson L.L., et al. The effect of local control on metastatic dissemination in carcinoma of the prostate Long-term results in patients treated with 125I implantation . Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 21:1991;537-547.
16. Kaplan I.D., Prestidge B.R., Bagshaw M.A., Cox R.S. The importance of local control in the treatment of prostatic cancer. J Urol. 147:1992;917-921.
17. Kuban D.A., El-Mahdi A.M., Schellhammer P.F. Effect of local tumor control on distant metastasis and survival in prostatic adenocarcinoma. Urology. 30:1987;420-426.
18. Shipley W.U., Prout G.R. Jr, Coachman N.M., McManus P.L., Healey E.A., Althausen A.F., et al. Radiation therapy for localized prostate carcinoma Experience at the Massachusetts General Hospital (1973-1981) . NCI Monogr. 7:1988;67-73.
19. Bagshaw M.A., Cox R.S., Ramback J.E. Radiation therapy for localized prostate cancer Justification by long-term follow-up . Urol Clin North Am. 17:1990;787-802.
20. Gleason D.F. Histological grading and clinical staging of prostatic carcinoma. Tannenbaum M. Urologic pathology The prostate . 1977;171-198 JB Lippincott, Philadelphia.
21. Adolfsson J., Steineck G., Whitmore W.F. Jr. Recent results of management of palpable clinically localized prostate cancer. Cancer. 72:1993;310-322.
22. Batata M.A., Hilaris B.S., Whitmore W.F. Factors affecting tumor control. Hilaris B.S., Batata M.A. Brachytherapy oncology 1983. Advances in prostate and other cancer. 1983;65-73 Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York.
23. 192iridium implantation and external beam irradiation for carcinoma of the prostate. J Urol. 135:1986;722-725.
24. Brindle J.S., Martinez A., Schray M., et al. Pelvic lymphadenectomy and transperineal interstitial implantation of IR 192 combined with external beam radiotherapy for bulky stage C prostatic carcinoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 17:1989;1063-1066.
25. Carlton C.E. Jr, Dawoud F., Hudgins P., Scott R. Jr. Irradiation treatment of carcinoma of the prostate A preliminary report based on 8 years of experience . J Urol. 108:1972;924-927.
26. Carlton C.E. Jr, Hudgins P.T., Guerriero W.G., Scott R. Jr. Radiotherapy in the management of stage C carcinoma of the prostate. Trans Am Assoc Genitourin Surg. 67:1975;70-76.
27. Hanks G.E. External-beam radiation therapy for clinically localized prostate cancer Patterns of Care studies in the United States . NCI Monogr. 7:1988;75-84.
28. Hilaris B.S., Whitmore W.F., Batata M., Barzell W. Behavioral patterns of prostate adenocarcinoma following an 125I implant and pelvic node dissection. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2:1977;631-637.
29. Hilaris B.S., Whitmore W.F., Batata M.A., Barzell W., Tokita N. 125I implantation of the prostate Dose-response considerations . Front Radiat Ther Oncol. 12:1978;82-90.
30. Kuban D.A., El-Mahdi A.M., Schellhammer P.F. I-125 Ir interstitial implantation for prostate cancer. What have we learned 10 years later? Cancer. 63:1989;2415-2420.
31. Morton J.D., Peschel R.E. Iodine-125 implants versus external beam therapy for stages A2, B, and C prostate cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 14:1988;1153-1157.
32. Puthawala A.A., Syed A.M.N., Tansey L.A., Shanberg A., Austin P.A., McNamara C.S. Temporary iridium-192 implant in the management of carcinoma of the prostate An analysis of treatment results and complications in the first 100 patients . Endocurie Hypertherm Oncol. 1:1985;25-34.
33. Sogani P.C., DeCosse J.J. Jr, Montie J., Whitmore W.F. Jr, Grabstald H., Hilaris B.S. Carcinoma of the prostate Treatment with pelvic lymphadenectomy and iodine-125 implants . Clin Bull. 9:1979;24-31.
34. Syed A.M.N., Puthawala A., Tansey L.A., Shanberg A.M., Neblett D., Mendez R., et al. Management of prostate carcinoma Combination of pelvic lymphadenectomy, temporary Ir-192 implantation, and external irradiation . Radiology. 149:1983;829-833.
35. Lawton C.A., Won M., Pilepich M.V., Asbell S.O., Shipley W.U., Hanks G.E., et al. Long-term treatment sequelae following external beam irradiation for adenocarcinoma of the prostate Analysis of RTOG studies 7506 and 7706 . Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 21:1991;935-939.
36. Perez C.A., Lee H.K., Georgiou A., Lockett M.A. Technical factors affecting morbidity in definitive irradiation for localized carcinoma of the prostate. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 28:1994;811-819.
37. Hanks G.E., Leibel S.A., Krall J.M., Kramer S. Patterns of Care studies Dose-response observations for local control of adenocarcinoma of the prostate . Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 11:1985;153-157.
38. Pilepich M.V., Asbell S.O., Krall J.M., Baerwald W.H., Sause W.T., Rubin P., et al. Correlation of radiotherapeutic parameters and treatment related morbidity Analysis of RTOG study 77-06 . Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 13:1987;1007-1012.
39. Pilepich M.V., Krall J.M., Sause W.T., Johnson R.J., Russ H.H., Hanks G.E., et al. Correlation of radiotherapeutic parameters and treatment related morbidity in carcinoma of the prostate Analysis of RTOG study 75-06 . Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 13:1987;351-357.
40. Smit W.G.J.M., Helle P.A., van Putten W.L.J., Wijnmaalen A.J., Seldenrath J.J., van der Werf-Messing B.H.P. Late radiation damage in prostate cancer patients treated by high dose external radiotherapy in relation to rectal dose. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 18:1990;23-29.
41. Zinreich E.S., Derogatis L.R., Herpst J., Auvil G., Piantadosi S., Order S.E. Pre and post-treatment evaluation of sexual function in patients with adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 19:1990;729-732.
42. Asbell S.O., Martz M.L., Pilepich M.V., Baerwald H.H., Sause W.T., et al. Impact of surgical stating in evaluating the radiotherapeutic outcome in RTOG III study for A2 and B prostate carcinoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 17:1989;945-951.
43. Asbell S.O., Martz K.L., Shin K.H., Sause W.T., Doggett R.L., Perez C.A., Pilepich M.V. Impact of surgical staging in evaluating the radiotherapeutic outcome in RTOG #77-06, a phase III study for T1BN0M0 (A2) and T2N0M0 (B) prostate carcinoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 40:1998;769-782.
44. Hanks G.E., Krall J.M., Pilepich M.V., Asbell S.O., Perez C.A., Rubin P., et al. Comparison of pathologic and clinical evaluation on lymph nodes in prostate cancer Implications of RTOG data for patient management and trial design and stratification . Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 23:1992;293-298.
45. Paulson D.F., Lin G.H., Hinshaw W., Stephani S. Radical surgery versus radiotherapy for adenocarcinoma of the prostate. J Urol. 128:1982;502-504.
46. Paulson D.F. Randomized series of treatment with surgery versus radiation for prostate adenocarcinoma. NCI Monogr. 7:1988;127-131.
47. Hanks G.E. More on the Uro-Oncology Research Group report of radical surgery vs. radiotherapy for adenocarcinoma of the prostate. (letter) Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 14:1988;1053-1057.
48. Paulson D.F. More on the Uro-Oncology Research Group report of radical surgery vs. radiotherapy for adenocarcinoma of the prostate Rebuttal (letter) . Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 14:1988;1053-1054.
49. Zietman A.L., Shipley W.U. Randomized trials in loco-regionally confined prostate cancer Past, present, and future . Semin Radiat Oncol. 3:1993;210-220.
50. Pilepich M.V., Bagshaw M.A., Asbell S.O., Hanks G.E., Krall J.M., Emami B.N., et al. Definitive radiotherapy in resectable (stage A2 and B) carcinoma of the prostate Results of a nationwide overview . Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 13:1987;659-663.
51. Hanks G.E., Asbell S., Krall J.M., Perez C.A., Doggett S., Rubin P., et al. Outcome for lymph node dissection negative T1-b, T2 (A-2,B) prostate cancer treated with external beam irradiation in RTOG 77-06. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 21:1991;1099-1103.
52. Culp O.S. Radical perineal prostatectomy Its past, present, and possible future . J Urol. 98:1968;618-626.
53. Catalona W.J., Smith D.S., Ratliff T.L., Dodds K.M., Coplen D.E., Yuan J.J.J., et al. Measurement of prostate-specific antigen in serum as a screening test for prostate cancer. N Engl J Med. 324:1991;1156-1161.
54. Oesterling J.E., Chan D.W., Epstein J.I., Kimball A.W. Jr, Bruzck D.J., Rock R.C., et al. Prostate specific antigen in the preoperative and postoperative evaluation of localized prostatic cancer treated with radical prostatectomy. J Urol. 139:1988;766-772.
55. Stamey T.A., Yang N., Hay A.R., McNeal J.E., Freiha F.S., Redwine E. Prostate-specific antigen as a serum marker for adenocarcinoma of the prostate. N Engl J Med. 317:1987;909-916.
56. Perez C.A. Carcinoma of the prostate A model for management under impending health care system reform . Radiology. 196:1995;309-322.
57. Partin A.W., Lee B.R., Chan D.W., Epstein A.W., Walsh P.C. The use of prostate specific antigen (PSA) and Gleason score to predict pathologic state in men with localized prostate cancer. J Urol. 150:1993;110-114.
58. Andriole G.L., Telle W.B., Coplen D.E., Catalona W.J. PSA index (PSAI) as a predictor of prostate cancer (CaP) in men with persistent serum PSA elevation. (Abstr.) J Urol. 147:(suppl):1992;387A.
59. Benson M.C., Whang I.S., Olsson C.A., McMahan D.J., Cooner W.H. The use of prostate specific antigen density to enhance the predictive value of intermediate levels of serum prostate specific antigen. J Urol. 147:1992;817-821.
60. Russell K.J., Boileau M.A. Current status of prostate-specific antigen in the radiotherapeutic management of prostatic cancer. Semin Radiat Oncol. 3:1993;154-168.
61. Zagars G.K., Sherman N.E., Babaian R.J. Prostatic-specific antigen and external beam radiation therapy in prostatic cancer. Cancer. 67:1991;412-420.
62. Ritter M.A., Messing E.M., Shanahan T.G., Potts S., Chappell R.J., et al. Prostate-specific antigen as a predictor of radiotherapy response and patterns of failure in localized prostate cancer. J Clin Oncol. 10:1992;1208-1217.
63. Kaplan I.D., Cox R.S., Bagshaw M.A. A model of prostatic carcinoma tumor kinetics based on prostate specific antigen levels after radiation therapy. Cancer. 68:1991;400-405.
64. Kaplan I.D., Prestidge B.R., Cox R.S., Bagshaw M.A. Prostate specific antigen after irradiation for prostatic carcinoma. J Urol. 144:1990;1172-1176.
65. Partin A.W., Carter H.B., Chan D.W., Epstein J.I., Oesterling J.E., Rock R.C., et al. Prostate specific antigen in the staging of localized prostate cancer Influence of tumor differentiation, tumor volume and benign hyperplasia . J Urol. 143:1990;747-752.
66. Frazier H.A., Robertson J.E., Humphrey P.A., Paulson D.J. Is prostate specific antigen of clinical importance in evaluating outcome after radical prostatectomy. J Urol. 149:1993;516-518.
67. Stein A., DeKernion J.B., Smith R.B., Dorey F., Patel H. Prostate specific antigen levels after radical prostatectomy in patients with organ confined and locally extensive prostate cancer. J Urol. 147:1992;942-946.
68. Zincke H., Blute M.L., Fallen M.J., Farrow G.M. Radical prostatectomy for stage A adenocarcinoma of the prostate Staging errors and their implications for treatment recommendations and disease outcome . J Urol. 146:1991;1053-1058.
69. Zagers G.K., von Eschenbach A.C. Prostate-specific antigen. An important marker for prostate cancer treated by external beam radiation therapy. Cancer. 72:1993;538-548.
70. Kaplan I.D., Cox R.S., Bagshaw M.A. Prostate specific antigen after external beam radiotherapy for prostatic cancer Follow-up . J Urol. 149:1993;519-522.
71. Killian C.S., Yang N., Emrich L.J., Vargas F.P., Kuriyama M., Wang M.C., et al. Prognostic importance of prostate-specific antigen for monitoring patients with stages B2 to D1 prostate cancer. Cancer Res. 45:1985;886-891.
72. Stamey T.A., Kabalin J.N., Ferrari M. Prostate specific antigen in the diagnosis and treatment of adenocarcinoma of the prostate. J Urol. 141:1989;1084-1087.
73. Fijuth J., Chauvet B., Vincent P., Felix-Faure C., Reboul F. Serum prostatic-specific antigen in monitoring the response of carcinoma of the prostate to radiation therapy. Radiother Oncol. 23:1992;236-240.
74. Russell K.J., Dunatov C., Hafermann M.D., Griffith J.T., Polissar L., Pelton J., et al. Prostate specific antigen in the management of patients with localized adenocarcinoma of the prostate treated with primary radiation therapy. J Urol. 146:1991;1046-1052.
75. Zietman A.L., Coen J.J., Shipley W.U., Willett C.G., Efird J.T. Radical radiation therapy in the management of prostatic adenocarcinoma The initial PSA value as a predictor of treatment outcome . J Urol. 151:1994;640-645.
76. Schellhammer P.F., El-Mahdi A.M., Wright G.L. Jr, Kolm P., Ragle R. Prostate-specific antigen to determine progress free survival after radiation therapy for localized carcinoma of prostate. Urology. 42:1993;13-20.
77. Dugan T.C., Shipley W.U., Young R.H., Verhey L.J., Althausen A.F., Heney N.M., et al. Biopsy after external beam radiation therapy for adenocarcinoma of the prostate Correlation with original histological grade and current prostate specific antigen levels . J Urol. 146:1991;1313-1316.
78. Kabalin J.N., Hodge K.K., McNeal J.E., Freiha F.S., Stamey T.A. Identification of residual cancer in the prostate following radiation therapy Role of transrectal ultrasound guided biopsy and prostate specific antigen . J Urol. 142:1989;326-331.
79. Kaplan ID, Cox RS, Bagshaw MA. Optimizing radiotherapy for prostatic cancer: Issues of patient selection and the impact of local control. J Urol. Submitted for publication.
80. Blute M.L., Nativ O., Zinke H., Farrow G.M., Therneau T., Lieber M.M. Pattern of failure after radical retropubic prostatectomy for clinically and pathologically localized adenocarcinoma of the prostate Influence of tumor deoxyribonucleic acid ploidy . J Urol. 142:1989;1262-1265.
81. Landmann C., Hunig R. Prostatic specific antigen as an indicator of response to radiotherapy in prostate cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 17:1989;1073-1076.
82. Zentner P.G., Pao L.K., Benson M.C., McMahon D.J., Schiff P.B. Prostate-specific antigen density a new prognostic indicator for prostate cancer . Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 27:1993;47-58.
83. Cox J.D., Stoffel T.J. The significance of needle biopsy after irradiation for stage C adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Cancer. 40:1977;156-160.
84. Scardino P.T. The prognostic significance of biopsies after radiotherapy for prostatic cancer. Semin Urol. 1:1983;243-252.
85. Freiha F.S., Bagshaw M.A. Carcinoma of the prostate Results of post-irradiation biopsy . Prostate. 5:1984;19-25.
86. Kuban D.A., El-Mahdi Am., Schellhammer P.F. The significance of post-irradiation prostate biopsy with long-term follow-up. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 24:1992;409-414.
87. Scardino P.T., Wheeler T.M. Local control of prostate cancer with radiotherapy Frequency and prognostic significance of positive results of post irradiation prostate biopsy . NCI Monogr. 7:1988;95-103.
88. Lai P.P., Perez C.A., Lockett M.A. Prognostic significance of pelvic recurrence and distant metastasis in prostate carcinoma following definitive radiotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 24:1992;423-430.
89. Schellhammer PF, El-Mahdi AM, Kuban DA. Therapeutic strategies for local failure after radiation therapy for stage A-C carcinoma of the prostate. Probl Urol. In press.
90. Prestidge B., Kaplan I., Cox R.S., Bagshaw M.A. Predictors of survival after a positive postirradiation prostate biopsy. (Abstr.) Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 24:(Suppl. 1):1992;151.
91. Lichter A.S., Sandler H.M., Robertson J.M., et al. Clinical experience with three-dimensional treatment planning. Semin Radiat Oncol. 2:1992;257-266.
92. Leibel S.A., Zelefsky M.J., Kutcher G.J., Burman C.M., Kelson S., Fuks Z. Three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy in localized carcinoma of the prostate Interim report of a phase I dose-escalation study . J Urol. 152:1994;1792-1798.
93. Corn B.W., Hanks G.E., Schultheiss T.E., Hunt M.A., Lee W.R., Cola L.R. Conformal treatment of prostate cancer with improved targeting Superior prostate-specific antigen response compared to standard treatment . Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 32:1995;325-330.
94. Wallner K. Iodine 125 brachytherapy for early stage prostate cancer New techniques may achieve better results . Oncology. 5:1991;115-122.
95. Hanks G.E., Schultheiss T.E., Hunt M.A., Epstein B. Factors influencing incidence of grade 2 morbidity in conformal and standard radiation treatment of prostate cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 31:1995;25-29.
96. Leibel S.A., Heimann R., Kutcher G.J., et al. Three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy in locally advanced carcinoma of the prostate Preliminary results of phase I dose-escalation study . Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 28:1994;55-65.
97. Sandler H.M., Perez-Tamayo C., Ten Haken R.K., Lichter A.S. Dose escalation for stage C (T3) prostate cancer Minimal rectal toxicity observed using conformal therapy . Radiother Oncol. 23:1992;53-54.
98. Russell KJ, Krall JM, Laramore GE, Burneson M, Maor MH, Davis LW; et al. Photon versus fast neutron external beam radiotherapy in the treatment of locally advanced prostate cancer: Preliminary results of a randomized prospective trial of the Neutron Therapy Collaborative Working Group. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. In press.
99. Russell K.J., Laramore G.E., Krall J.M., Thomas F.J., Maor M.H., Hendrickson F.R., et al. Eight years experience with neutron radiotherapy in the treatment of stages C and D prostate cancer Updated results of the RTOG 7704 randomized clinical trial . Prostate. 11:1987;183-193.
100. Shipley W.U., Verhey L.J., Munzenrider J.E., et al. Advanced prostate cancer The results of a randomized comparative trial of high dose irradiation boosting with conformal protons compared with conventional dose irradiation using photons alone . Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 32:1995;3-12.
101. Byar D.P. Survival of patients with incidentally found microscopic cancer of the prostate Results of a clinical trial of conservative treatment . J Urol. 108:1972;908-913.
102. Adolfsson J., Carstensen J. Natural course of clinically localized prostate adenocarcinoma in men less than 70 years old. J Urol. 146:1991;96-98.
103. Johansson J.-E., Adami H.-O., Andersson S.-O., Bergstrom R., Holmberg L., Krusemo U.B. High 10-year survival rate in patients with early, untreated prostatic cancer. JAMA. 267:1992;2191-2196.
104. Whitmore W.F. Jr, Adolfsson J., Steineck G. Conservative management of localized prostatic cancer. Am J Clin Oncol. 15:1992;446-452.
105. Aristizabal S.A., Steinbronn D., Heusinkveld R.S. External beam radiotherapy in cancer of the prostate The University of Arizona experience . Radiother Oncol. 1:1984;309-315.
106. Forman J.D., Wharam M.D., Lee D.J., Zinreich E.S., Order S.E. Definitive radiotherapy following prostatectomy Results and complications . Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 12:1986;185-189.
107. Hanks GE. Treatment of early stage prostate cancer: Radiotherapy. In: Hellman S, DeVita V, Rosenberg S, Freeman S, editors. Important advances in oncology. Philadelphia: JB Lippincott. In press.
108. Hanks G.E., Krall J.M., Martz K.L., Diamond J.J., Kramer S. The outcome of treatment of 313 patients with T-1 (UICC) prostate cancer treated with external beam irradiation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 14:1988;243-248.
109. Harisiasdis L., Veenema R.J., Senyszyn J.J., Puchner P.J., Tretter P., Romas N.A., et al. Carcinoma of the prostate Treatment with external radiotherapy . Cancer. 41:1978;2131-2142.
110. Kuban D.A., El-Mahdi A.M., Schellhammer P.F. Prognosis in patients with local recurrence after definitive irradiation for prostatic carcinoma. Cancer. 63:1989;2421-2425.
111. Kurup P., Kramer T.S., Lee M.S., Philips R. External beam irradiation of prostate cancer Experience in 163 patients . Cancer. 53:1984;37-43.
112. Rangala N., Cox J.D., Byhardt R.W., Wilson J.F., Greenberg M., Lopes da Conceicao A. Local control and survival after external irradiation for adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 8:1982;1909-1914.
113. Rosen E.M., Cassady J.R., Connolly J., Chaffey J.T. Radiotherapy for localized prostate carcinoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 10:1984;2201-2210.
114. Rounsaville M.C., Green J.P., Vaeth J.M., Purdon R.P., Heltzel M.M. Prostatic carcinoma Limited field irradiation . Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 13:1987;1013-1020.
115. Sagerman R.H., Chun H.C., King G.A., Chung C.T., Dalal P.S. External beam radiotherapy for carcinoma of the prostate. Cancer. 63:1989;2468-2474.
116. van der Werf-Messing B.H.P., Menon R.S., van Putten W.L.J. Prostatic cancer treated by external irradiation at the Rotterdam Radiotherapy Institute. Strahlentherapie. 160:1984;293-300.
117. Zagers G.K., von Eschenback A.C., Johnson D.E., Oswald M.J. The role of radiation therapy in stages A2 and B adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 14:1988;701-709.
118. Zeitman A.L., Shipley W.U., Willett C.G. Residual disease after radical surgery or radiation therapy for prostate cancer. Clinical significance and therapeutic implications. Cancer. 71:1993;959-969.
119. Fisher E.R., Leeming R., Anderson S., et al. Conservative management of intraductal carcinoma (DCIS) of the breast. J Surg Oncol. 47:1991;139-147.
120. Lagios M.D., Margolin F.R., Westdahl P.R., et al. Mammographically detected duct carcinoma in situ frequency of local recurrence following tylectomy and prognostic effect of nuclear grade on local recurrence . Cancer. 63:1989;618-624.
121. Solin L.J., Yeh I.-T., Kurtz J., et al. Ductal carcinoma in situ (intraductal carcinoma) of the breast treated with breast-conserving surgery and definitive irradiation correlation of pathologic parameters with outcome of treatment . Cancer. 71:1993;2532-2542.
122. Fisher B., Costantino J., Redmond C., et al. Lumpectomy compared with lumpectomy and radiation therapy for the treatment of intraductal breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 328:(22):1993;1581-1586.
123. Kinne D.W., Petrek J.A., Osborne M.P., et al. Breast carcinoma in situ. Arch Surg. 124:1989;33-36.
124. Temple W.J., Jenkins M., Alexander F., et al. Natural history of in situ breast cancer in a defined population. Ann Surg. 210:1989;653-657.
125. Silverstein M.J., Cohlan B.F., Gierson E.D., et al. Duct carcinoma in situ 227 cases without microinvasion . Eur J Cancer. 28:(23):1992;630-634.
126. Ringberg A., Anderson I., Aspegren K., Linell F. Breast carcinoma in situ in 167 women - incidence, mode of presentation, therapy and follow-up. Eur J Surg Oncol. 17:1991;466-476.
127. Ward B.A., McKhann C.F., Ravikumar T.S. Ten-year follow-up of breast carcinoma in situ in Connecticut. Arch Surg. 127:1992;1392-1395.
128. Cutuli B., Teissier E., Piat J.-M., et al. Radical surgery and conservative treatment of ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast. Eur J Cancer. 28:1992;649-654.
129. Sunshine J.A., Moseley H.S., Fletcher W.S., Krippaehne W.W. Breast carcinoma in situ A retrospective review of 112 cases with a minimum 10 year follow-up . Am J Surg. 150:1985;44-51.
130. Fentiman I.S., Fagg N., Millis R.R., Hayward J.L. In situ ductal carcinoma of the breast implications of disease pattern and treatment . Eur J Surg Oncol. 12:1986;261-266.
131. Ashikari R., Huvos A.G., Snyder R.E. Prospective study of non-infiltrating carcinoma of the breast. Cancer. 39:1977;435-439.
132. Lagios M.D., Westdahl P.K., Margolin F.R., Roses M.R. Duct carcinoma in situ relationship of extent of noninvasive disease to the frequency of occult invasion, multicentricity, lymph node metastases, and short-term treatment failures . Cancer. 50:1982;1309-1314.
133. Rosner D., Bedwani R.N., Vana J., et al. Noninvasive breast carcinoma results of a national survey by the American College of Surgeons . Ann Surg. 192:1980;139-147.
134. Silverstein M.J., Gierson E.D., Waisman J.R., et al. Axillary lymph node dissection for T1a breast carcinoma is it indicated? Cancer. 73:1994;664-667.
135. Fisher E.R., Sass R., Fisher B., et al. Pathologic findings from the national surgical adjuvant breast project (protocol 6) 1. Intraductal carcinoma (DCIS). Cancer. 57:1986;197-208.
136. Solin L., Kurtz J., Fourquet A., et al. Fifteen-year results of breast-conserving surgery and definitive breast irradiation for the treatment of ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast. J Clin Oncol. 14:1996;754-763.
137. Kuske R.R., Bean J.M., Garcia D.M., et al. Breast conservation therapy for intraductal carcinoma of the breast. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 26:1993;391-396.
138. White J., Levine A., Gustafson G., et al. Outcome and prognostic factors for local recurrence in mammographically detected ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast treated with conservative surgery and radiation therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 31:(4):1995;791-797.
139. Hiramatsu H., Bornstein B., Recht A., et al. Local recurrence after conservative surgery and radiation therapy for ductal carcinoma in situ possible importance of family history . Cancer J Sci Am. 1:1995;55-61.
140. Solin L.J., Fowble B.L., Schultz D.J., et al. Definitive irradiation for intraductal carcinoma of the breast. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 19:1990;843-850.
141. McCormick B., Rosen P.P., Kinne D., et al. Duct carcinoma in situ of the breast an analysis of local control after conservation surgery and radiotherapy . Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 21:1991;289-292.
142. Fisher E.R., Costantino J., Fisher B., et al. Pathologic findings from the national surgical adjuvant breast project (NSABP) protocol B-17. Cancer. 75:1995;1310-1319.
143. Schwartz G.F., Finkel G.C., Carcia J.C., et al. Subclinical ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast treatment by local excision and surveillance alone . Cancer. 70:1992;2468-2474.
144. Silverstein M.J., Poller D.N., Waisman J.R., et al. Prognostic classification of breast ductal carcinoma-in-situ. Lancet. 345:1995;1154-1157.
145. Schwartz G.F., Carter D.L., Conant E.F., et al. Mammographically detected breast cancer nonpalpable is not a synonym for inconsequential . Cancer. 73:1994;1660-1665.
146. Rosner D., Lane W.W., Penetrante R. Ductal carcinoma in situ with microinvasion A curable entity using surgery alone without need for adjuvant therapy . Cancer. 67:1991;1498-1503.
147. Solin L.J., Fowble B.L., Yeh I.-T., et al. Microinvasive ductal carcinoma of the breast treated with breast-conserving surgery and definitive irradiation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 23:1992;961-968.
148. Wong J.H., Kopald K.H., Morton D.L. The impact of microinvasion on axilla node metastases and survival in patients with intraductal breast cancer. Arch Surg. 125:1990;1298-1302.
149. Schuh M.E., Nemoto T., Penetrante R.B., et al. Intraductal carcinoma Analysis of presentation, pathologic findings, and outcome of disease . Arch Surg. 121:1986;1303-1307.
150. Schnitt S.J., Abner A., Gelman R., et al. The relationship between microscopic margins of resection and the risk of local recurrence in patients with breast cancer treated with breast-conserving surgery and radiation therapy. Cancer. 74:1994;1746-1751.
151. Ribeiro G.G., Magee B., Swindell R., et al. The Christie Hospital breast conservation trial An update at 8 years from inception . Clin Oncol. 5:1993;278-283.
152. Roth J.A., Fossella F., Komaki R., et al. A randomized trial comparing perioperative chemotherapy and surgery with surgery alone in resectable Stage IIIA non-small-cell lung cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst. 86:1994;673-680.
153. Rosell R., Gomez-Codina J., Camps C., et al. A randomized trial comparing preoperative chemotherapy plus surgery with surgery alone in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer. N Engl J Med. 330:1994;153-158.
154. Perez C.A., Stanley K., Rubin P., Kramer S., Brady L., et al. A prospective randomized study of various irradiation doses and fractionation schedules in the treatment of inoperable non-oat-cell carcinoma of the lung. Preliminary report by the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group. Cancer. 45:1980;2744-2753.
155. Cox J.D., Azarnia N., Byhardt R.W., Shin K.H., Emami B., Pajak T.F. A randomized Phase I/II trial of hyperfractionated radiation therapy with total doses of 60.0 Gy to 79.2 Gy: Possible survival benefit with ≥ 69.6 Gy in favorable patients with Radiation Therapy Oncology Group Stage III non-small-cell lung carcinoma (RTOG 83-11). J Clin Oncol. 8:1990;1543-1555.
156. Dillman R.O., Seagren S.L., Propert K.J., Guerra J., et al. A randomized trial of induction chemotherapy plus high-dose radiation versus radiation alone in Stage III non-small-cell lung cancer. N Engl J Med. 323:1990;940-945.
157. Dillman R.O., Seagren S.L., Herndon J., Green M.R. Randomized trial of induction chemotherapy plus radiation therapy vs. radiation therapy alone in Stage III non-small cell lung cancer: Five-year follow-up of CALGB 84-33. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol. 12:1993;329. (Abstract).
158. Le Chevalier T., Arriagada R., Quoix E., Rufie P., et al. Radiotherapy alone versus combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy in unresectable non-small cell lung carcinoma. Lung Cancer. 10:1994;S239-S244.
159. Sause W.T., Scott C., Taylor S., Johnson D., et al. Radiation Therapy Oncology Group 88-08 and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group 4588 Preliminary results of a Phase III trial in regionally advanced, unresectable non-small-cell lung cancer . J Natl Cancer Inst. 87:1995;198-205.
160. Schaake-Koning C., van den Bogaert W., Dalesio O., Festen J., Hoogenhout J., van Houtte P., Kirkpatrick A., Koolen M., Maat B., Nijs A., et al. Effects of concomitant cisplatin and radiotherapy on inoperable non-small-cell lung cancer. N Engl J Med. 326:1992;524-530.
161. Wolf M., Hans K., Becker H., Hassler R., von Bultzingslowen F., et al. Radiotherapy alone versus chemotherapy with ifosfamide/vindesine followed by radiotherapy in unresectable locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. Semin Oncol. 21:1994;42-47.
162. Trovo M.G., Minatel E., Veronesi A., Roncadin M., DePaoli A., Franchin G., et al. Combined radiotherapy and chemotherapy versus radiotherapy alone in locally advanced epidermoid bronchogenic carcinoma. A randomized study. Cancer. 65:1990;400-404.
163. Morton R.F., Jett J.R., McGinnis W.L., et al. Thoracic radiation therapy alone compared with combined chemoradiotherapy for locally unresectable non-small cell lung cancer. Ann Intern Med. 115:1991;681-686.
164. Mattson K., Holsti L., Holsti P., et al. Inoperable non-small cell lung cancer radiation with or without chemotherapy . Eur J Clin Oncol. 24:1988;477-482.
165. Blanke C., Ansari R., Mantravadi R., Gonin R., Tokars R., Fisher W., Pennington K., O'Connor T., Rynard S., Miller M., et al. Phase III trial of thoracic irradiation with or without cisplatin for locally advanced unresectable non-small-cell cancer a Hoosier Oncology Group protocol . J Clin Oncol. 13:1995;1425-1429.
166. Ronbinow J.S., Shaw E.G., Eagan R.T., Lee R.E., Creagan E.T., et al. Results of combination chemotherapy and thoracic radiation therapy for unresectable non-small cell carcinoma of the lung. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 17:1989;1203-1210.
167. Lee J.S., Scott C., Komaki R., Fossella F., Dundas G.S., McDonald S., Palmer M., Curran W.J., Byhardt R.W. Concurrent chemoradiation therapy with oral VP-16 and cisplatin for locally advanced inoperable non-small cell lung cancer
168. Jeremic B., Shibamoto Y., Acimovic L., Djuric L. Randomized trial of hyperfractionated radiation therapy with or without concurrent chemotherapy for stage III non-small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol. 13:1995;452-458.
169. Coia L.R., Hanks G.E., Martz K., Steinfeld A., Diamond J.J., Kramer S. Practice patterns of palliative radiotherapy for the United States 1984-1985. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 14:1988;1261-1269.
170. Hendrickson F.R., Shebata W.M., Kirchner A.B. Radiation therapy for osseous metastasis. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1:1976;275-278.
171. Tong D., Gillick L., Hendrickson F.R. The palliation of symptomatic osseous metastases. Cancer. 50:1982;893-899.
172. Blitzer P.H. Reanalysis of the RTOG study of palliation of symptomatic osseous metastasis. Cancer. 55:1985;1468-1472.
173. Gilbert H.A., Kagan A.R., Nussbaum H., Rao A.R., Satzman J., Chan P., Allen B., Forsythe A. Evaluation of radiation therapy for bone metastases pain relief and quality of life . Am J Roentgenol. 129:1977;1095-1096.
174. Allen K.L., Johnson T.W., Hibbs G.G. Effective bone palliation as related to various treatment regimens. Cancer. 37:1976;984-987.
175. Penn C.R.H. Single dose and fractionated palliative irradiation for osseous metastases. Clin Radiol. 27:1976;405-408.
176. Price P., Hoskin P.J., Easton E., Austin D., Palmer S.G., Yarnold J.R. Prospective randomized trial of single and multifraction radiotherapy schedules in the treatment of painful bony metastases. Radiother Oncol. 6:1986;247-255.
177. Hoskin P.J., Price P., Easton D., Regan J., Austin D., Palmer S., Yarnold J.R. A prospective randomized trial of 4 Gy or 8 Gy single doses in the treatment of metastatic bone pain. Radiother Oncol. 23:1992;74-78.
178. Cole D.J. A randomized trial of a single treatment versus conventional fractionation in the palliative radiotherapy of painful bone metastases. Clin Oncol. 1:1989;59-62.
179. Madsen F.L. Painful bone metastasis efficacy of radiotherapy assessed by the patients: a randomized trial comparing 4 Gy x 6 versus 10 Gy x 2 . Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 9:1983;1775-1779.
180. Okawa T., Kita M., Goto M., Hishijima H., Myaji N. Randomized prospective clinical study of small, large and twice-a-day fraction radiotherapy for painful bone metastases. Radiother Oncol. 13:1988;99-104.
181. Bagshaw M.A., Kaplan E.D., Vaidagni, Cox R.S. Radiation treatment of prostate bone metastases and the biological considerations. Karr J.P., Yamanaka H. Prostate cancer and bone metastasis. 1992;255-268 Plenum Press, New York.
182. Poulter C.A., Cosmatos D., Rubin P., et al. A report of RTOG 8206 A phase III study of whether the addition of single dose hemibody irradiation to standard fractionated local field irradiation is more effective than local field irradiation alone in the treatment of symptomatic osseous metastases . Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 23:1992;207-214.
183. Salazar O.M., Rubin P., Hendrickson F.R., et al. Single-dose half-body irradiation for palliation of multiple bone metastases from solid tumors. Cancer. 58:1986;29-36.
184. Dearnaley D.P., Bayly R.J., A'Hern R.P., Gadd J., Zivanovic M.M., Lewington V.J. Palliation of bone metastases in prostate cancer. Hemibody irradiation or Strontium-89? Clin Oncol. 4:1992;101-107.
185. Porter A.T., McEwan A.J.B., Powe J.E., et al. Results of a randomized phase-III trial to evaluate the efficacy of strontium-89 adjuvant to local field external beam irradiation in the management of endocrine resistant metastatic prostate cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 25:1993;805-813.
186. Bolger J.J., Dearnaley D.P., Kirk D., et al. Strontium-89 (Metastron) versus external beam radiotherapy in patients with painful bone metastases secondary to prostatic cancer preliminary report of a multicenter trial . Semin Oncol. 20:1993;32-33.
187. Onufrey V., Mohiuddin M. Radiation therapy in the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 11:1985;2007-2009.
188. Keene J.S., Sellinger D.S., McBeath A.A., Engber W.B. Metastatic breast cancer in the femur. A search for the lesion at risk of fracture. Clin Orthop. 20:1986;282-288.
189. Miller F., Whitehill R. Carcinoma of the breast metastatic to the skeleton. Clin Orthop. 184:1984;121-127.
190. Maranzano E., Latini P. Effectiveness of radiation therapy without surgery in metastatic spinal cord compression final results from a prospective trial . Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 32:1995;959-967.