Posterior cruciate ligament injuries

Clinics in Sports Medicine

Volumn 18, Issue 1, 1999, Pages 199-221

  St Pierre, P ^a   Miller, M D ^a  

^a MADIGAN ARMY MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANATOMY; BIOMECHANICS; DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING; HUMAN; KNEE ARTHROSCOPY; KNEE LIGAMENT INJURY; LIGAMENT SURGERY; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PHYSICAL EXAMINATION; REVIEW; SPLINTING; SURGICAL TECHNIQUE;

EID: 0032899115     PISSN: 02785919     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0278-5919(05)70135-6     Document Type: Article

References (62)

1. L.C. Abbott J.B.N. Saunders F.C. Bost Injuries to the ligaments of the knee joint J Bone Joint Surg 26A 1944 503 521
2. American Association of Tissue Banks Standards for Tissue Banking, Revised. Arlington, American Association of Tissue Banks, 1987.
3. D. Amiel E. Billings W.H. Akeson Ligament structure, chemistry, and physiology D. Daniel Knee Ligaments: Structure, Function, Injury, and Repair 1990 Raven Press New York 77 91
4. S.W. Arms R.J. Johnson M.H. Pope Posterior cruciate ligament strain Transactions of the Orthopedic Research Society 9 1984 355
5. O.R. Barrett F.H. Savoie Operative management of acute posterior cruciate ligament injuries with associated pathology: Long-term results Orthopedics 14 1991 687 692
6. E.E. Berg Posterior cruciate ligament tibial inlay reconstruction Arthroscopy 11 1995 69 76
7. M.D. Boynton B.R. Tietjens Long-term follow-up of untreated isolated posterior cruciate deficient knees Am J Sports Med 24 1996 306 310
8. B.E. Buck P.I. Malanin M.D. Brown Bone transplantation in human immunodeficiency virus: An estimate of risk of acquired immunodeficiency syndromes Clin Orthop 240 1989 216 219
9. R.T. Burks J.J. Schaffer A simplified approach to the tibial attachment of the posterior cruciate ligament Clin Orthop 254 1990 216 219
10. D.L. Butler F.R. Noyes E.S. Grood Ligamentous restraints to anterior-posterior drawer in the human knee: A biomechanical study J Bone Joint Surg 62A 1980 259 270
11. W.G. Clancy K.D. Shelbourne G.B. Zoellner Treatment of knee joint instability secondary to rupture of the posterior cruciate ligament J Bone Joint Surg 65A 1983 310 322
12. W.G. Clancy Jr Repair and reconstruction of the posterior cruciate ligament M.W. Chapman Operative Orthopaedics 1988 JB Lippincott Philadelphia 1651 1665
13. D.E. Cooper Tests for posterolateral instability of the knee in normal subjects J Bone Joint Surg 73A 1991 30 36
14. D.C. Covey A.A. Sapega Current concepts review: Injuries of the posterior cruciate ligament J Bone Joint Surg 75A 1993 1376 1386
15. D.C. Covey A.A. Sapega R.C. Martin Arthroscope-assisted allograft reconstruction of the posterior cruciate ligament: Technique and biomechanical considerations Journal of Orthopedic Techniques 1 1993 91 97
16. M.J. Cross J.F. Powell Long term follow-up of posterior cruciate ligament rupture: A study of 116 cases Am J Sports Med 12 1984 292 297
17. D.J. Dandy R.J. Pusey The long term results of unrepaired tears of the posterior cruciate ligament J Bone Joint Surg 64B 1982 92 94
18. D.M. Daniel M.L. Stone P. Parnett Use of the quadriceps active test to diagnose posterior cruciate ligament disruption and measure posterior laxity of the knee J Bone Joint Surg 70A 1988 386 391
19. H. Dejour G. Walch J. Peyrot The natural history of rupture of the posterior cruciate ligament Orthopedic Transactions 11 1987 146
20. G.C. Fanelli B.F. Giannoti C.J. Edson The posterior cruciate ligament arthroscopy evaluation and treatment Arthroscopy 10 1994 673 688
21. P.J. Fowler S.S. Messieh Isolated posterior cruciate ligament injuries in athletes Am J Sports Med 15 1987 553 557
22. F.H. Fu E.J. Olson Complications of synthetic knee ligaments: Intra-articular wear particles P.M. Aichroth W.D. Cannert Knee Surgery Current Practice 1992 Raven Press New York 305 309
23. T. Fukubayashi P.A. Torzilli M.F. Sherman An in vitro biomechanical evaluation of anterior posterior motion of the knee; tibial displacement, rotation, and torque J Bone Joint Surg 64A 1982 258 264
24. W.E. Gallie A.B. LeMesurier The repair of injuries to the posterior cruciate ligament of the knee joint Am J Surg 85 1927 592 598
25. F.G. Girgis J.L. Marshall A.R.S. Al Monarem The cruciate ligaments of the knee joint: Anatomical, functional, and experimental analysis Clin Orthop 106 1975 216 231
26. D.L. Gollehon P.A. Torzilli R.F. Warren The role of posterolateral and cruciate ligaments in the stability of the human knee: A biomechanical study J Bone Joint Surg 69A 1987 233 242
27. M.L. Gross J.S. Grover L.W. Bassett Magnetic resonance imaging of the posterior cruciate ligament: Clinical use to improve diagnostic accuracy Am J Sports Med 20 1992 732 737
28. C.D. Harner T. Kusayama G.J. Carlin Structural and mechanical properties of the human posterior cruciate and meniscofemoral ligaments 1994 Transactions of the Orthopedic Research Society 40
29. C.D. Harner G.A. Livesay N.Y. Choi Evaluation of the sizes and shapes of the human anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments: A comparative study Transactions of the Orthopedic Research Society 17 1992 123
30. Harner CD, Miller MD, Swenson TM: New technique for posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using fresh-frozen Achilles tendon allograft. Presented at the 61st Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons, New Orleans, February 24, 1994.
31. J.C. Hughston J.R. Andrews M.J. Cross Classification of knee ligament instabilities, I: the medial compartment and cruciate ligaments J Bone Joint Surg 58A 1976 159 172
32. J.C. Hughston K.E. Jacobsen Chronic posterolateral rotatory instability of the knee J Bone Joint Surg 67A 1985 351 359
33. J.C. Hughston L.A. Norwood Jr The posterolateral drawer test and external rotational recurvatum test for posterolateral rotatory instability of the knee Clin Orthop 147 1980 82 87
34. Inoue M, Yasuda K, Ohkoshi Y, et al: Factors that affect prognosis of conservatively treated patients with isolated posterior cruciate ligament injury. In Programs and Abstracts of the 64th Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, San Francisco, 1997, p 78.
35. J.N. Insall R.W. Hood Bone-block transfer of the medial head of the gastrocnemius of posterior cruciate insufficiency J Bone Joint Surg 64A 1982 691 699
36. R.P. Jakob H. Hassler H.U. Staeubli Observations on rotatory instability of the lateral compartment of the knee: Experimental studies on the functional anatomy and the pathomechanism of true and reversed pivot shift sign Acta Orthop Scand 191 suppl 1982 1 32
37. P. Kanus M. Jarvinen Posterior cruciate ligament injuries Finnish Sports and Exerc Med 4 1985 79 89
38. P.G. Katonis A.P. Assimakopoulos M.V. Agapitos Mechanoreceptors in the posterior cruciate ligament: Histologic study on cadaver knees Acta Orthop Scand 62 1991 276 178
39. P.M. Keller K.D. Shelbourne J.R. McCarroll Nonoperatively treated isolated posterior cruciate ligament injuries Am J Sports Med 21 1993 132 136
40. J.C. Kennedy R.W. Granger The posterior cruciate ligament J Trauma 7 1976 367 377
41. J.C. Kennedy R.J. Hawkins R.B. Willis Tension studies of human knee ligaments J Bone Joint Surg 58A 1976 350 355
42. J. Lysholm J. Gillquist Arthroscopic examination of the posterior cruciate ligament J Bone Joint Surg 63A 1981 363 366
43. Maday MG, Harner CD, Miller MD, et al: Posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using fresh-frozen Achilles tendon allograft: Indications, techniques, results, and controversies. Presented at the 60th Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons, San Francisco, Feb 18–23, 1993.
44. Marks PH, Harner CD, Livesay GA, et al: Quantitative electron microscopy of the human cruciate and meniscofemoral ligaments. Transactions of the Orthopedic Research Society p 40, 1994.
45. M.H. Meyers Isolated avulsion of the tibial attachment of the posterior cruciate ligament of the knee J Bone Joint Surg 57A 1975 669 672
46. M.D. Miller A.D. Olszewski Cruciate ligament graft intra-articular distances Arthroscopy 13 1997 291 295
47. C.D. Morgan V.R. Kalman D.M. Grawl The anatomic origin of the posterior cruciate ligament: Where is it? Reference landmarks for PCL reconstruction Arthroscopy 13 1997 325 331
48. F.R. Noyes S.D. Barber-Westin Posterior cruciate ligament allograft reconstruction with and without a ligament augmentation device Arthroscopy 10 1994 371 382
49. T.C. Owens Posteromedial pivot shift of the knee: A new test for the posterior cruciate ligament J Bone Joint Surg 76A 1994 532 539
50. J.M. Parolie J.A. Bergfeld Long-term results of nonoperative treatment of isolated posterior cruciate ligament injuries in the athlete Am J Sports Med 14 1986 35 38
51. J. Pournaras P.T. Symeonides The results of surgical repair of acute tears of the posterior cruciate ligament Clin Orthop 267 1991 103 107
52. R.A. Rubinstein K.D. Shelbourne J.R. McCarroll The accuracy of the clinical examination in the setting of posterior cruciate ligament injuries Am J Sports Med 22 1994 550 557
53. R. Scapinellini Studies on the vasculature of the human knee joint Acta Anat (Basel) 70 1968 305 331
54. M.D. Seeman J.R. Steadman Tibial osteolysis associated with Gore-Tex graft Am J Knee Surg 6 1993 31 38
55. K.D. Shelbourne F. Benedict J.R. McCarroll Dynamic posterior shift test: An adjuvant in evaluation of posterior tibial subluxation Am J Sports Med 17 1989 274 277
56. Shelbourne KD, Patel DV: The natural history of acute, isolated, nonoperatively treated posterior cruciate ligament injuries of the knee: A prospective study. In Programs and Abstracts of the 64th Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, San Francisco, 1997, p 77.
57. K. Shino S. Horibe K. Nakata Conservative treatment of isolated injuries to the posterior cruciate ligament in athletes J Bone Joint Surg 77B 1995 895 900
58. J.A. Sidles J.M. Clark J.L. Garbini A geometric theory of the equilibrium mechanics of fibers in ligaments and tendons J Biomech 24 1991 943 949
59. J.S. Torg T.M. Barton H. Pavlov Natural history of posterior cruciate deficient knees Clin Orthop 246 1989 208 216
60. B.A. Van Dommelen P.J. Fowler Anatomy of the posterior cruciate ligament, a review Am J Sports Med 17 1989 24 29
61. D.M. Veltri R.F. Warren Posterolateral instability of the knee Instr Course Lect 44 1995 441 453
62. T.L. Whipple F.D. Ellis Posterior cruciate ligament injuries Clin Sports Med 10 1991 515 527