Idiopathic environmental intolerances

Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology

Volumn 103, Issue 1 I, 1999, Pages 36-40

  Wasserman, S I ^a  

^a American Academy of Allergy Asthma & Immunology   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADAPTATION; ALLERGY; ENVIRONMENTAL DISEASE; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; HUMAN; MULTIPLE CHEMICAL SENSITIVITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW;

EID: 0032896182     PISSN: 00916749     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0091-6749(99)70522-1     Document Type: Article

References (100)

1. Conclusions and recommendations of a workshop on multiple chemical sensitivities (MCS). Reg Toxicol Pharmacol 1996;24:S188-9.
2. Lessof M. Meetings report: Report of multiple chemical sensitivities (MCS) workshop, Berlin, Germany, 21-23 February 1996. PCS/96.29 IPCS, Geneva, Switzerland. Human Exp Toxicol 1997;16:233-4.
3. Report of multiple chemical sensitivities (MCS) workshop: International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS)/German workshop on multiple chemical sensitivities: Berlin, Germany, 21-23 February 1996. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 1997:69:224-6.
4. Cullen MR. The worker with multiple chemical sensitivities: an overview. Occup Med State Art Rev 1987;2:655-61.
5. American Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Executive Committee. Position statement: Clinical ecology. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1986;78:269-71.
6. Randolph TG. The specific adaption syndrome. J Lab Clin Med 1956;48:934.
7. Randolph TG. Human ecology and susceptibility to the chemical environment. Springfield (IL): Charles C Thomas; 1962.
8. Randolph TG. Clinical ecology as it affects the psychiatric patient. Int J Soc Psychiatry 1966;12:245-54.
9. Randolph TG. Both allergy and clinical ecology are needed. Ann Allergy 1977;39:215-6.
10. Randolph TG, Moss RW. An alternative approach to allergies. New York: Lippincott and Crowell; 1980.
11. Dickey LD, editor. Clinical ecology. Sprigfield (IL): Charles C Thomas; 1976.
12. Rea WJ. Chemical sensitivity. Boca Raton (FL): Lewis Book Publishers; 1992.
13. Bell IR. Clinical ecology: a new medical approach to environmental illness. Bolinas (CA): Common Knowledge Press; 1982.
14. Ashford NA, Miller CS. Chemical exposures: low levels and high stakes. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold; 1991.
15. Levin AS, Byers VS. Multiple chemical sensitivities: a practicing clinician's point of view. Clinical and research findings. Toxicol Ind Health 1992;8:95-109.
16. Beard GM. American nervousness, its causes and consequences: a supplement to nervous exhaustion (neurasthenia). New York: GP Putnam's Sons; 1881.
17. Shorter E. From paralysis to fatigue: a history of psychosomatic illness in the modern era. New York: MacMillen, Inc; 1992.
18. Black DW, Rathe A, Goldstein RB. Environmental illness. A controlled study of 26 subjects with '20th century disease.' JAMA 1990; 264:3166-70.
19. Brodsky CM. Allergic to everything: a medical subculture. Psychosomatics 1983;24:731-42.
20. Kipen HM, Fiedler N, Maccia C, Yurkow E, Todaro J, Laskin D. Immunologic evaluation of chemically sensitive patients. Toxicol Ind Health 1992;8:125-35.
21. Seiner JC, Staudenmayer H. Neuropsychophysiologic observations in patients presenting with environmental illness. Toxicol Ind Health 1992;8:145-55.
22. Simon GE. Epidemic multiple chemical sensitivity in an industrial setting. Toxicol Ind Health 1992;8:41-6.
23. Sparks PJ, Simon GE, Katon WJ, Ayars GH, Johnson RL. An outbreak of illness among aerospace workers. West J Med 1990;153:28-33.
24. Staudenmayer H, Selner ME, Seiner J. Adult sequelae of childhood abuse presenting as environmental illness. Ann Allergy 1993;71:538-46.
25. Stewart DE, Raskin J. Psychiatric assessment of patients with "20th-century disease" ("total allergy syndrome"). Can Med Assoc J 1985;133:1001-6.
26. Terr AI. Environmental illness. A clinical review of 50 cases. Arch Intern Med 1986;146:145-9.
27. Terr AI. Clinical ecology in the workplace. J Occup Med 1989;31:257-61.
28. Brodsky CM. Psychological factors contributing to somatoform diseases attributed to the workplace: the case of intoxication. J Occup Med 1983;25:459.
29. US Department of Defense. Conduct of the Persian War: final report to Congress. Washington (DC): US Government Printing Office; 1992.
30. National Institutes of Health Technology Assessment Workshop Panel. The Persian Gulf experience and health. JAMA 1994;272:391-6.
31. Sparks PJ, Daniell W, Black DW, Kipen HM, Altman LC, Simon GE, et al. Multiple chemical sensitivity syndrome: a clinical perspective. I. Case definition, theories of pathogenesis, and research needs. J Occup Med 1994;36:718-30.
32. Cotterill JA. "Total allergy syndrome." Lancet 1982;1:628-9.
33. Green MA. "Allergic to everything": 20th century syndrome. JAMA 1985;253:842.
34. Klein GL, Ziering RW, Girsh L, Miller RH. The allergic-irritability syndrome: four case reports and a position statement from the Neuroallergy Committee of the American College of Allergy. Ann Allergy 1985;55:22-4.
35. Broughton A, Thrasher JD. Antibodies and altered cell mediated immunity in formaldehyde-exposed humans. Common Toxicol 1988;2: 155-74.
36. McGovern JJ, Lazaroni JA, Hicks MF, Adler CJ, Cleary P. Food and chemical sensitivity: clinical and immunologic correlates. Arch Otolaryngol 1983;109:292-7.
37. Levin AS, Byers VS. Environmental illness: a disorder of immune regulation. Occup Med State of the Art Rev 1997;2:669-82.
38. Bell IR, King DS. Psychological and physiological research relevant to clinical ecology: overview of the literature. Clin Ecol 1982;1:15.
39. Bell IR, Miller CS, Schwartz GE. An olfactory-limbic model of multiple chemical sensitivity syndrome: possible relationships to kindling and affective spectrum disorders. Biol Psychiatry 1992;32:218-42.
40. Miller CS. Possible models for multiple chemical sensitivity: conceptual issues and role of the limbic system. Toxicol Ind Health 1992;8:181-202.
41. Levine SA. Oxidants/anti-oxidants and chemical hypersensitivities (Part 1). J Biosoc Res 1983;4:51-4.
42. Levine SA. Oxidants/anti-oxidants and chemical hypersensitivities (Part 2). J Biosoc Res 1983;4:102-4.
43. Levine SA, Reinhart JH. Biochemical pathology initiated by free radicals, oxidant chemicals and therapeutic drugs in the etiology of chemical hypersensitivity disease. J Orthomol Psychiatry 1983;12:166-83.
44. Bascom R. Multiple chemical sensitivity: A respiratory disorder? Toxicol Ind Health 1992;8:221-8.
45. Doty RL, Deems DA, Frye RE, Pelberg R, Shapiro A. Olfactory sensitivity, nasal resistance, and autonomic function in patients with multiple chemical sensitivities. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1988;114:1422-7.
46. Meggs WJ. Multiple chemical sensitivities and the immune system. Toxicol Ind Health 1992;8:203-14.
47. Meggs WJ. Neurogenic inflammation and sensitivity to environmental chemicals. Environ Health Perspect 1993;101:234-8.
48. Rosenberg SJ, Freedman MR, Schmaling KB, Rose C. Personality styles of patients asserting environmental illness. J Occup Med 1991;33:737-9.
49. Staudenmayer H, Camazine M. Sensing type personality, projection and universal "allergic" reactivity. J Psychol Type 1989;18:59-62.
50. Brodsky CM. Multiple chemical sensitivities and other "environmental illness"; a psychiatrist's view. Occup Med State of the Art Rev 1987;2:695-704.
51. Stewart DE. The changing faces of somatization. Psychosomatics 1990;31:153-8.
52. Dager SR, Holland JP, Cowley DS, Dunner DL. Panic disorder precipitated by exposure to organic solvents in the workplace. Am J Psychiatry 1987;144:1056-8.
53. Binkley KE, Kutcher S. Panic response to sodium lactate in patients with multiple chemical sensitivity syndrome. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1997;99:570-4.
54. Leznoff A. Provocative challenges in patients with multiple chemical sensitivity. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1997;99:438-42.
55. Faust HS, Brilliant LB. Is the diagnosis of "mass hysteria" an excuse for incomplete investigation of low-level environmental contamination? J Occup Med 1981;23:22-6.
56. Krug SE. Mass illness at an intermediate school: Toxic fumes or epidemic hysteria? Pediatr Emerg Care 1992;8:280-2.
57. Davidoff LL. Models of multiple chemical sensitivities (MCS) syn-drome: using empirical data (especially interview data) to focus investigations. Toxicol Ind Health 1992;8:229-47.
58. Schottenfeld RS, Cullen MR. Occupation-induced posttraumatic stress disorder. Am J Psychiatry 1985;142:198.
59. Shusterman D, Balmes J, Cone J. Behavioral sensitization to irritants/odorants after acute exposure. J Occup Med 1988;30:565-7.
60. Bolla-Wilson K, Wilson RJ, Bleecker MJ. Conditioning of physical symptoms after neurotoxic exposure. J Occup Med 1988;30:684-6.
61. Black DW. Environmental illness and misdiagnosis - a growing problem. Reg Toxicol Pharmacol 1993;18:23-31.
62. Post RM. Transduction of psychosocial stress into the neurobiology of recurrent affective disorder. Am J Psychiatry 1992;149:999-1010.
63. King DS. Can allergic exposure provoke psychological symptoms: a double blind test. Biol Psychiatry 1981;16:3-17.
64. American Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Executive Committee. Position statement: Controversial techniques. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1981;67:333.
65. California Medical Association Scientific Board Task Force on Clinical Ecology. Clinical ecology - a critical appraisal. West J Med 1986;144:239-45.
66. Grieco MH. Controversial practices in allergy. JAMA 1985;253:842.
67. Jewett DL, Fein G, Greenberg MH. A double-blind study of symptom provocation to determine food sensitivity. N Engl J Med 1990;323:429-33.
68. Terr AI. Unconventional theories and unproven methods in allergy. In: Middleton E Jr, Reed CE, Ellis EF, et al, editors. Allergy: principles and practice. 4th ed. St Louis: CV Mosby; 1993. p 1778-80.
69. Madison RE, Broughton A, Thrasher JD. Immunologic biomarkers associated with an acute exposure to exothermic byproducts of a ureaformaldehyde spill. Environ Health Perspect 1991;94:219-23.
70. Grammar LC, Harris KE, Shaughnessy MA, Sparks PJ, Ayars GH, Altman LC. Clinical and immunological evaluation of 37 workers exposed to gaseous formaldehyde. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1990;86:177-81.
71. Patterson R, Dykewicz MS, Grammer LC, Pruzansky JJ, Zeiss CR, Harris KE. Creating an indoor environmental problem from a nonproblem: a need for cautious evaluation of antibodies against hapten-protein complexes. N Engl Reg Allergy Proc 1985;6:135-9.
72. Patterson R, Beltrani VS, Singel M, Zeiss CR, Harris KE. Formaldehyde reactions and the burden of proof. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1978;79:705-6.
73. Rea WJ. Environmentally triggered cardiac disease. Ann Allergy 1978;40:243-51.
74. Rea WJ. Environmentally triggered thrombophlebitis. Ann Allergy 1976;37:101-9.
75. Rea WJ. Environmentally triggered small vessel vasculitis. Ann Allergy 1977;38:245-51.
76. Simon GE, Daniell W, Stockbridge H, Claypoole K, Rosenstock L. Immunologic, psychological, and neuropsychological factors in multiple chemical sensitivity. A controlled study. Ann Intern Med 1993; 119:97-103.
77. Staudenmayer H, Seiner J. Post-traumatic stress syndrome (PTSS). Escape in the environment. J Clin Psychol 1987;43:156-7.
78. Staudenmayer H, Seiner JC. Neuropsychophysiology during relaxation in generalized, universal 'allergic' reactivity to the environment: a comparison study. J Psychosom Res 1990;34:259-70.
79. Terr AI. Immunological issues in "multiple chemical sensitivities." Reg Toxicol Pharmacol 1993;18:54-60.
80. Thrasher JD, Madison R, Broughton A, Gard Z. Building-related illness and antibodies to albumin conjugates for formaldehyde, toluene diisocyanate, and trimellitic anhydride. Am J Ind Med 1989;15:187-95.
81. Ziem GE. Multiple chemical sensitivity: treatment and follow-up with avoidance and control of chemical exposures. Toxicol Ind Health 1992;4:73-86.
82. Black DW, Rathe A, Goldstein RB. Measures of distress in 26 "environmentally ill" subjects. Psychosomatics 1993;34:131-8.
83. Brodsky CM, Green MA, Ogrod ES. Environment illness: Does it exist? Patient Care 1989;11/15:41-59.
84. American College of Physicians. Position paper: Clinical ecology. Ann Intern Med 1989;111:168-78.
85. Council on Scientific Affairs, American Medical Association. Clinical Ecology. JAMA 1992;268:1634-5.
86. Committee on Environmental Hypersensitivities. Report of the ad hoc committee on environmental hypersensitivities disorders. Toronto (Ontario): Ministry of Health; 1985.
87. National Research Council. Multiple chemical sensitivities. Washington (DC): National Academy Press; 1992.
88. Board of the International Society of Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology. Report of the ISRTP Board. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 1993;18:79.
89. Barrett S. MCS: multiple chemical sensitivity. New York: American Council on Science and Health; 1994.
90. Royal College of Physicians and Royal College of Patholegists. Good allergy practice-standards of care for providers and purchasers of allergy services within the National Health Service. Clin Exp Allergy 1995;25:586-95.
91. Root DE, Katzin DB, Schnare DW. Diagnosis and treatment of patients presenting subclinical signs and symptoms of exposure to chemicals which bioaccumulate in human tissue. In: Proceedings of the National Conference on Hazardous Wastes and Environmental Emergencies. Silver Springs (MD): Harzardous Materials Control Institute; 1985 May 14-16; p. 150-3.
92. Haller E. Successful management of patients with "multiple chemical sensitivities" on an inpatient psychiatric unit. J Clin Psychiatry 1993;54:196-9.
93. Crook WJ. The yeast connection: a medical breakthrough. Jackson (TN): Professional Books; 1983.
94. Blonz ER. Is there an epidemic of chronic candidiasis in our midst? JAMA 1986;256:3138.
95. Abbey SE, Garfinkel PE. Neurasthenia and chronic fatigue syndrome: the role of culture in the making of a diagnosis. Am J Psychiatry 1991;148:1638-46.
96. Terr AI. Clinical ecology. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1987;79:423-6.
97. Edelstein PH. Legionnaire's disease. Clin Infect Dis 1993;16:741.
98. Fink JN. Hypersensitivity pneumonitis. In: Middleton E Jr, Reed CE, Ellis EF, Adkinson NF Jr, Yunginger JW, Busse WW, editors. Allergy: principles and practice. 4th ed. St Louis: Mosby-Year Book; 1993. p. 1415-31.
99. Marks PJ, Daniel EB. The sick building syndrome. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 1994;14:521-35.
100. Brooks SM, Weiss MA, Bernstein IL. Reactive airways dysfunction syndrome. Case reports of persistent airways hyperreactivity following high-level irritant exposures. Am Rev Respir Dis 1985;27:473-6.