Net dispersal of harbour seals within the Wadden Sea before and after the 1988 epizootic

Journal of Sea Research

Volumn 41, Issue 3, 1999, Pages 233-244

  Ries, Edith H ^a   Traut, Ilona M ^b   Brinkman, Albertus G ^a   Reijnders, Peter J H ^a  

^a WAGENINGEN UNIVERSITY   (Netherlands)

^b UNIVERSITY OF OLDENBURG   (Germany)

Author keywords

Abundance; Dispersal; Distribution; Harbour seals; Key areas; Survival; Wadden Sea

Indexed keywords

DISPERSAL; MIGRATION; RECRUITMENT; SEAL (ANIMAL); SURVIVAL;

WADDEN SEA;

ANIMALIA; PHOCIDAE; PINNIPEDIA;

EID: 0032893579     PISSN: 13851101     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S1385-1101(98)00052-5     Document Type: Article

References (55)

1. Cockburn, A., 1992. Habitat heterogeneity and dispersal: environmental and genetic patchiness. In: Stenseth, N.C., Lidicker, W.Z. Jr. (Eds.), Animal Dispersal: Small Mammals as Models. Chapman and Hall, London, pp. 65-89.
2. Baker, R.R., 1978. The Evolutionary Ecology of Animal Migration. Hodder and Stoughton, London, 1012 pp.
3. Bøgebjerg E.S., Tougård S., Madsen J., Nørgaard N. Status of the harbour seal populations in the Danish waters, 1976-1989, and short-term effects of the epidemic in 1988. Dan. Rev. Game Biol. 14:1991;17-32.
4. Bonner W.N., Witthames S.R. Dispersal of common seals (Phoca vitulina), tagged in the Wash, East Anglia. J. Zool., London. 174:1974;528-531.
5. Boulva J., McLaren I.A. Biology of the harbor seal, Phoca vitulina, in eastern Canada. Bull. Fish. Res. Bd. Can. 200:1979;1-24.
6. CWSS, 1992. Sixth trilateral Governmental Wadden Sea Conference, 1991. Ministerial Declaration, Seal Conservation and Management Plan. Wilhelmshaven, 55 pp.
7. Dankers, N.M.J.A., De Veen, J.F., 1978. Variations in the relative abundance in the number of fish species in the Wadden Sea. In: Dankers, N.M.J.A., Wolff, W.J., Zijlstra, J.J. (Eds.), Fishes and Fisheries of the Wadden Sea: Final Report of the Section 'Fishes and Fisheries' of the Wadden Sea Working Group. St. Veth tot Steun aan Waddenonderzoek, Leiden, pp. 77-105.
8. Dietz R., Heide-Jørgensen M.-P., Härkönen T. Mass deaths of harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) in Europe. Ambio. 18:1989;258-264.
9. Dijkema, K.S., 1980. Large-scale geomorphologic pattern of the Wadden Sea area. In: Dijkema, K.S., Reineck, H.-E., Wolff, W.J. (Eds.), Geomorphology of the Wadden Sea. Balkema, Rotterdam, pp. 72-80.
10. Dijkema, K.S., Thielen, G., Van Beek, J.G., 1989. Habitats of the Netherlands, German and Danish Wadden Sea 1:100,000. Research Institute for Nature Management, Texel, Veth Foundation, Leiden, 30 pp.
11. Drescher, H.E., 1979. Biologie, Ökologie und Schutz der Seehunde im schleswig-holsteinischen Wattenmeer. Beitr. Wildbiol. Meldorf 1, 73 pp.
12. Fransz H.G. Estimation of birth rate and juvenile mortality from observed numbers of juveniles in a mammal population with normally dispersed reproduction. Ecol. Model. 7:1979;125-133.
13. Fransz, H.G., Reijnders, P.J.H., 1978. Estimation of birth rate and juvenile mortality from observed numbers of juveniles in a seal population with normally dispersed reproduction. ICES C.M. 7, 10 pp.
14. Goodman S.J. Pattern of extensive genetic differentiation and variation among European harbour seals (Phoca vitulina vitulina) revealed using microsatellite DNA polymorphism. Molec. Biol. Evol. 15:1998;104-118.
15. Härkönen, T., 1987. Feeding Ecology and Population Dynamics of the Harbour Seal (Phoca vitulina) in Kattegat-Skagerrak. PhD Thesis, University Göteborg, pp. 1-140.
16. Härkönen T., Heide-Jørgensen M.-P. Comparative life-histories of east Atlantic and other harbour seal populations. Ophelia. 32:1990;211-235.
17. Heide-Jørgensen M.-P., Härkönen T.J. Rebuilding seal stocks in the Kattegat-Skagerrak. Mar. Mam. Sci. 4:1988;321-346.
18. Kappe A.L., Bijlsma R., Osterhaus A.D.M.E., Van Delden W., Van de Zande L. Structure and amount of genetic variation at minisatellite loci within the subspecies complex of Phoca vitulina (the harbour seal). Heredity. 79:1997;457-463.
19. Klug, H., Klug, A., 1994. Tourismus als Belastungsfaktor an der Küste. In: Lozán, J.L., Rachor, E., Reise, K., Von Westernhagen, H., Lenz, W. (Eds.), Warnsignale aus dem Wattenmeer. Blackwell, Berlin, pp. 66-75.
20. Kovacs K.M., Lavigne D.M. Maternal investment and neonatal growth in phocid seals. J. Anim. Ecol. 55:1986;1035-1051.
21. Kovacs K.M., Jonas K.M., Welke S.E. Sex and age segregation by Phoca vitulina concolor at haul-out sites during the breeding season in the Passamaquoddy Bay region, New Brunswick. Mar. Mam. Sci. 6:1990;204-214.
22. Lee P.C., Majluf P., Gordon I.J. Growth, weaning and maternal investment from a comparative perspective. J. Zool., London. 225:1991;99-114.
23. Leopold M.F., Van der Werf B., Ries E.H., Reijnders P.J.H. The importance of the North Sea for winter dispersal of harbour seals Phoca vitulina from the Wadden Sea. Biol. Conserv. 81:1997;97-102.
24. Meltofte, H., Blew, J., Frikke, J., Röscher, H.-U., Smit, C.J., 1994. Numbers and Distribution of waterbirds in the Wadden Sea. CWSS, Wilhelmshaven, 192 pp.
25. Miller, S.A., 1988. Movement and Activity Patterns of Harbor Seals at the Point Reyes Peninsula, California. BS Thesis, University of California, pp. 1-70.
26. Nørgaard, N., 1996. Haul-out Behaviour, Movements, Foraging Strategies and Population Estimates of Harbour Seals (Phoca vitulina) in the Danish Wadden Sea. PhD Thesis, University of Aarhus, pp. 1-120.
27. Pulliam H.R. Sources, sinks, and population regulation. Am. Nat. 132:1988;652-661.
28. Pulliam H.R., Danielson B.J. Sources, sinks, and habitat selection: a landscape perspective on population dynamics. Am. Nat. 137:1991;50-66.
29. Reijnders P.J.H. The harbour seal (Phoca vitulina) population in the Dutch Wadden Sea: size and composition. Neth. J. Sea Res. 10:1976;223-235.
30. Reijnders P.J.H. Recruitment in the harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) population in the Dutch Wadden Sea. Neth. J. Sea Res. 12:1978;164.
31. Reijnders P.J.H. Management and conservation of harbour seals, Phoca vitulina, in the international Wadden Sea area. Biol. Conserv. 19:1981;213-221.
32. Reijnders, P.J.H., 1981b. Threats to the Harbour Seal population in the Wadden Sea. In: Reijnders, P.J.H., Wolff, W.J. (Eds.), Marine Mammals of the Wadden Sea. Balkema, Rotterdam, pp. 38-46.
33. Reijnders P.J.H. The effects of seal hunting in Germany on the further existence of a harbour seal population in the Dutch Wadden Sea. Z. Säugetierk. 48:1983;50-54.
34. Reijnders P.J.H. Reproductive failure in common seals feeding on fish from polluted coastal waters. Nature. 324:1986;456-457.
35. Reijnders, P.J.H., 1992. Retrospective population analysis and related future management perspectives for the harbour seal Phoca vitulina in the Wadden Sea. In: Dankers, N., Smit, C.J., Scholl, M. (Eds.), Proceedings of the 7th International Wadden Sea Symposium, Ameland, 22-26 October, 1990. Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Den Burg, pp. 193-197.
36. Reijnders, P.J.H., Drescher, H.E., Van Haaften, J.L., Bøgebjerg-Hansen, E., Tougård, S., 1981. Population dynamics of the harbour seal in the Wadden Sea. In: Reijnders, P.J.H., Wolff, W.J. (Eds.), Marine Mammals of the Wadden Sea. Balkema, Rotterdam, pp. 19-32.
37. Reijnders, P.J.H., Ries, E.H., Traut, I.M., 1990. Robbenbestände. In: Lozán, J.L., Lenz, W., Rachor, E., Watermann, B., Von Westernhagen, H. (Eds.), Warnsignale aus der Nordsee. Paul Parey, Berlin, pp. 320-324.
38. Reijnders, P.J.H., Brasseur, S.M.J.M., Ries, E.H., 1996. The release of seals from captive breeding and rehabilitation programs: a useful conservation and management tool? In: St. Aubin, D.J., Geraci, J.R., Lounsbury, V.J. (Eds.), Rescue, Rehabilitation, and Release of Marine Mammals: An Analysis of Current Views and Practices. Proceedings of a Workshop held in Des Plaines, Illinois, 3-5 December 1991. NOAA Technical Memorandum, pp. 54-65.
39. Reijnders P.J.H., Ries E.H., Tougaard S., Nørgaard N., Heidemann G., Schwarz J., Vareschi E., Traut I.M. Population development of harbour seals Phoca vitulina in the Wadden Sea after the 1988 virusepizootic. J. Sea Res. 38:1997;161-168.
40. Ries E.H. Monitoring the activity patterns of free-ranging harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) by means of VHF-telemetry. Wadden Sea News Lett. 3:1993;11-14.
41. Ries E.H., Hiby L.R., Reijnders P.J.H. Maximum likelihood population size estimation of harbour seals in the Dutch Wadden Sea based on a mark-recapture experiment. J. Appl. Ecol. 35:1998;332-339.
42. Schwarz, J., Heidemann, G., 1994. Zum Status der Bestände der Seehund- und Kegelrobbenpopulationen im Wattenmeer. In: Lozán, J.L., Rachor, E., Reise, K., Von Westernhagen, H., Lenz, W. (Eds.), Warnsignale aus dem Wattenmeer. Blackwell, Berlin, pp. 296-303.
43. Stanley H.F., Casey S., Carnahan J.M., Goodman S., Harwood J., Wayne R.K. Worldwide patterns of mitochondrial DNA differentiation in the harbor seal (Phoca vitulina). Molec. Biol. Evol. 13:1996;368-382.
44. Thiel, M., Nehls, G., Bräger, S., Meissner, J., 1992. The impact of boating on the distribution of seals and moulting ducks in the Wadden Sea of Schleswig-Holstein. In: Dankers, N., Smit, C.J., Scholl, M. (Eds.), Proceedings of the 7th International Wadden Sea Symposium, Ameland, 22-26 October, 1990. Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Den Burg, pp. 221-233.
45. Thompson P.M. Seasonal changes in the distribution and composition of common seal (Phoca vitulina) haul-out groups. J. Zool., London. 217:1989;281-294.
46. Thompson P.M. Harbour seal movement patterns. Symp. Zool. Soc. London. 66:1993;225-239.
47. Thompson P.M., Harwood J. Methods for estimating the population size of common seals, Phoca vitulina. J. Appl. Ecol. 27:1990;924-939.
48. Thompson P.M., Fedak M.A., McConnell B.J., Nicholas K.S. Seasonal and sex-related variation in the activity patterns of common seals (Phoca vitulina). J. Appl. Ecol. 26:1989;521-535.
49. Thompson P.M., Kovacs K.M., McConnell B.J. Natal dispersal of harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) from breeding sites in Orkney, Scotland. J. Zool., London. 234:1994;668-673.
50. Thompson P.M., Miller D., Cooper R., Hammond P.S. Changes in the distribution and activity of female harbour seals during the breeding season: implications for their lactation strategy and mating patterns. J. Anim. Ecol. 63:1994;24-30.
51. Thompson P.M., Tollit D.J., Wood D., Corpe H.M., Hammond P.S., Mackay A. Estimating harbour seal abundance and distribution in an estuarine habitat in northeast Scotland. J. Appl. Ecol. 34:1997;43-52.
52. Traut, I.M., 1997. Das aktuelle Verhalten von Seehunden (Phoca vitulina vitulina) im heutigen Wattenmeer. PhD Thesis, University of Oldenburg, pp. 1-112.
53. Vogel, S., 1994. Ausmaß und Auswirkung von Störungen auf Seehunde. In: Lozán, J.L., Rachor, E., Reise, K., Von Westernhagen, H., Lenz, W. (Eds.), Warnsignale aus dem Wattenmeer. Blackwell, Berlin, pp. 303-308.
54. Wipper, E., 1974. Die ökologischen und pathologischen Probleme beim europäischen Seehund (Phoca vitulina Linné, 1758) an der niedersächsischen Nordseeküste. PhD Thesis, Universität München, pp. 1-211.
55. Wolff J.O. More on juvenile dispersal in mammals. Oikos. 71:1994;349-352.