Factors affecting the loudness of modulated sounds

Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

Volumn 105, Issue 5, 1999, Pages 2757-2772

  Moore, Brian C J ^a   Vickers, Deborah A ^a   Baer, Thomas ^a   Launer, Stefan ^b  

^a UK   (United Kingdom)

^b Phonak AG   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AMPLITUDE MODULATION; ARTICLE; AUDITORY STIMULATION; AUDITORY THRESHOLD; HEARING IMPAIRMENT; HUMAN; LOUDNESS; MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SOUND INTENSITY; SOUND TRANSMISSION; SPEECH DISCRIMINATION; WAVEFORM; WHITE NOISE;

EID: 0032891206     PISSN: 00014966     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1121/1.426893     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. Allen, J. B., and Jeng, P. S. (1990). "Loudness growth in 1/2-octave bands (LGOB); a procedure for the assessment of loudness," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 88, 745-753.
2. Bauch, H. (1956). "Die Bedeutung der Frequenzgruppe für die Lautheit von Klängen," Acustica 6, 40-45.
3. Carlyon, R. P., and Datta, A. J. (1997). "Excitation produced by Schroeder-phase complexes: Evidence for fast-acting compression in the auditory system," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 101, 3636-3647.
4. Cornelisse, L. E., Seewald, R. C., and Jamieson, D. G. (1995). "The input/ output formula: A theoretical approach to the fitting of personal amplification devices," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 97, 1854-1864.
5. Cox, R. M. (1995). "Using loudness data for hearing aid selection. The IHAFF approach," Hear. J. 48(10), 39-44.
6. Fasti, H. (1993). "Loudness evaluation by subjects and by a loudness meter," in Sensory Research - Multimodal Perspectives, edited by R. T. Verrillo (Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ).
7. Florentine, M., Buns, S., and Poulsen, T. (1996). "Temporal integration of loudness as a function of level," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 99, 1633-1644.
8. Houtgast, T., Steeneken, H. J. M., and Plomp, R. (1980). "Predicting speech intelligibility in rooms from the modulation transfer function. I. General room acoustics," Acustica 46, 60-72.
9. Jesteadt, W. (1980). "An adaptive procedure for subjective judgments," Percept. Psychophys. 28, 85-88.
10. Kiessling, J. (1997). "Scaling methods for the selection, fitting and evaluation of hearing aids," in Psychoacoustics, Speech and Hearing Aids, edited by B. Kollmeier (World Scientific, Singapore).
11. Killion, M. C., and Fikret-Pasa, S. (1993). "Three types of sensorineural hearing loss: Loudness and intelligibility considerations," Hear. J. 46, 31-36.
12. Kohlrausch, A., and Sander, A. (1995). "Phase effects in masking related to dispersion in the inner ear. II. Masking period patterns of short targets," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 97, 1817-1829.
13. Kollmeier, B., and Hohmann, V. (1995). "Loudness estimation and compensation employing a categorical scale," in Advances in Hearing Research, edited by G. A. Manley, G. M. Klump, C. Köppl, H. Fastl, and H. Oeckinghaus (World Scientific, Singapore).
14. Launer, S. (1995). "Loudness perception in listeners with sensorineural hearing impairment," Ph.D. thesis, Oldenburg, Germany.
15. Moore, B. C. J. (1995). Perceptual Consequences of Cochlear Damage (Oxford U.P., Oxford).
16. Moore, B. C. J., and Glasberg, B. R. (1983). "Growth of forward masking for sinusoidal and noise maskers as a function of signal delay: implications for suppression in noise," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 73, 1249-1259.
17. Moore, B. C. J., and Glasberg, B. R. (1997). "A model of loudness perception applied to cochlear hearing loss," Aud. Neurosci. 3, 289-311.
18. Moore, B. C. J., and Oxenham, A. J. (1998). "Psychoacoustic consequences of compression in the peripheral auditory system," Psychol. Rev. 105, 108-124.
19. Moore, B. C. J., Alcántara, J. I., and Glasberg, B. R. (1998a). "Development and evaluation of a procedure for fitting multi-channel compression hearing aids," Br. J. Audiol. 32, 177-195.
20. Moore, B. C. J., Glasberg, B. R., and Baer, T. (1997). "A model for the prediction of thresholds, loudness and partial loudness," J. Audio Eng. Soc. 45, 224-240.
21. Moore, B. C. J., Glasberg, B. R., and Stone, M. A. (1999b). "Use of a loudness model for hearing aid fitting. III. A general method for deriving initial fittings for hearing aids with multi-channel compression," Br. J. Audiol. (in press).
22. Moore, B. C. J., Wojtczak, M., and Vickers, D. A. (1996). "Effect of loudness recruitment on the perception of amplitude modulation," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 100, 481-489.
23. Moore, B. C. J., Alcántara, J. I., Stone, M. A., and Glasberg, B. R. (1998a). "Use of a loudness model for hearing aid fitting. II. Hearing aids with multi-channel compression," Br. J. Audiol. (in press).
24. Moore, B. C. J., Launer, S., Vickers, D., and Baer, T. (1998b). "Loudness of modulated sounds as a function of modulation rate, modulation depth, modulation waveform and overall level," in Psychophysical and Physiological Advances in Hearing, edited by A. R. Palmer, A. Rees, A. Q. Summerfield, and R. Meddis (Whurr, London).
25. Nilsson, M., Soli, S. D., and Sullivan, J. A. (1994). "Development of the Hearing in Noise Test for the measurement of speech reception thresholds in quiet and in noise," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 95, 1085-1099.
26. Oxenham, A. J., and Moore, B. C. J. (1995). "Additivity of masking in normally hearing and hearing-impaired subjects," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 98, 1921-1935.
27. Oxenham, A. J., and Plack, C. J. (1997). "A behavioral measure of basilar-membrane nonlinearity in listeners with normal and impaired hearing," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 101, 3666-3675.
28. Peters, R. W., Moore, B. C. J., and Baer, T. (1998). "Speech reception thresholds in noise with and without spectral and temporal dips for hearing-impaired and normally hearing people," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 103, 577-587.
29. Plack, C. J., and Carlyon, R. P. (1995). "Loudness perception and intensity coding," in Hearing, edited by B. C. J. Moore (Academic, Orlando, FL).
30. Pluvinage, V. (1989). "Clinical measurement of loudness growth," Hear. Inst. 39, 28-29, 32.
31. Robles, L., Ruggero, M. A., and Rich, N. C. (1986). "Basilar membrane mechanics at the base of the chinchilla cochlea. I. Input-output functions, tuning curves, and response phases," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 80, 1364-1374.
32. Ruggero, M. A. (1973). "Response to noise of auditory nerve fibers in the squirrel monkey," J. Neurophysiol. 36, 569-587.
33. Ruggero, M. A. (1992). "Responses to sound of the basilar membrane of the mammalian cochlea," Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 2, 449-456.
34. Ruggero, M. A., Rich, N. C., Recio, A., Narayan, S. S., and Robles, L. (1997). "Basilar-membrane responses to tones at the base of the chinchilla cochlea," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 101, 2151-2163.
35. Schalk, T. B., and Sachs, M. B. (1980). " Nonlinearities in auditory-nerve fiber responses to bandlimited noise," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 67, 903-913.
36. Scharf, B. (1978). "Loudness," in Handbook of Perception, Volume IV. Hearing, edited by E. C. Carterette and M. P. Friedman (Academic, New York).
37. Schlauch, R. S., DiGiovani, J. J., and Ries, D. T. (1998). "Basilar membrane nonlinearity and loudness," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 103, 2010-2020.
38. Schroeder, M. R. (1970). "Synthesis of low peak-factor signals and binary sequences with low autocorrelation," IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory IT-16, 85-89.
39. Sellick, P. M., Patuzzi, R., and Johnstone, B. M. (1982). "Measurement of basilar membrane motion in the guinea pig using the Mössbauer technique," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 72, 131-141.
40. Stone, M. A., Moore, B. C. J. and Glasberg, B. R. (1997). "A real-time DSP-based loudness meter," in Contributions to Psychological Acoustics, edited by A. Schick and M. Klatte (Bibliotheks-und Informationssystem der Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg).
41. Zeng, F. G., and Shannon, R. V. (1994). "Loudness-coding mechanisms inferred from electric stimulation of the human auditory system," Science 264, 564-566.
42. Zhang, C., and Zeng, F.-G. (1997). "Loudness of dynamic stimuli in acoustic and electric hearing," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 102, 2925-2934.
43. Zwicker, E. (1977). "Procedure for calculating loudness of temporally variable sounds," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 62, 675-682.
44. Zwicker, E., and Fasti, H. (1990). Psychoacoustics - Facts and Models (Springer-Verlag, Berlin).
45. Zwicker, E., and Scharf, B. (1965). "A model of loudness summation," Psychol. Rev. 72, 3-26.