메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 5, Issue 1, 1999, Pages 13-26

Metrifonate: A cholinesterase inhibitor for Alzheimer's disease therapy

Author keywords

Alzheimer's disease; Cholinesterase inhibitors; Clinical trial; Cognition; Dementia; Metrifonate; Organophosphates

Indexed keywords

CHOLINESTERASE INHIBITOR; METRIFONATE;

EID: 0032887513     PISSN: 1080563X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1527-3458.1999.tb00083.x     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (12)

References (55)
  • 1
    • 0026020174 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics of metrifonate and its rearrangement product dichlorvos in whole blood
    • Abdi YA, Villen T. Pharmacokinetics of metrifonate and its rearrangement product dichlorvos in whole blood. Pharmacol Toxicol 1991;68:137-139.
    • (1991) Pharmacol Toxicol , vol.68 , pp. 137-139
    • Abdi, Y.A.1    Villen, T.2
  • 2
    • 0013903548 scopus 로고
    • Further observations on the neurotoxicity of organophosphorus compounds
    • Aldridge WN, Barnes JM. Further observations on the neurotoxicity of organophosphorus compounds. Biochem Pharmacol 1966;15:541-548.
    • (1966) Biochem Pharmacol , vol.15 , pp. 541-548
    • Aldridge, W.N.1    Barnes, J.M.2
  • 3
    • 0029744529 scopus 로고
    • Effects of metrifonate, a cholinesterase inhibitor, on local cerebral glucose utilization in young and aged rats
    • Bassant MH, Jazat-Poindessous F, Lamour Y. Effects of metrifonate, a cholinesterase inhibitor, on local cerebral glucose utilization in young and aged rats. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1966;16:1014-1025.
    • (1966) J Cereb Blood Flow Metab , vol.16 , pp. 1014-1025
    • Bassant, M.H.1    Jazat-Poindessous, F.2    Lamour, Y.3
  • 4
    • 0025272542 scopus 로고
    • Effects of metrifonate, a long-acting cholinesterase inhibitor in Alzheimer's disease: Report of an open trial
    • Becker RE, Colliver J, Elble R, et al. Effects of metrifonate, a long-acting cholinesterase inhibitor in Alzheimer's disease: Report of an open trial. Drug Dev Res 1990;19:425-134.
    • (1990) Drug Dev Res , vol.19 , pp. 425-1134
    • Becker, R.E.1    Colliver, J.2    Elble, R.3
  • 7
    • 0023899578 scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of cholinesterase inhibition in senile dementia of the Alzheimer type: Clinical, pharmacological, and therapeutic aspects
    • Becker RE, Giacobini E. Mechanisms of cholinesterase inhibition in senile dementia of the Alzheimer type: Clinical, pharmacological, and therapeutic aspects. Drug Dev Res 1988;17:163-195.
    • (1988) Drug Dev Res , vol.17 , pp. 163-195
    • Becker, R.E.1    Giacobini, E.2
  • 8
    • 25044448591 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical studies of metrifonate as a treatment for Alzheimer's disease: An overview
    • Bieber F, Meulin D, Ouvry I, et al. Clinical studies of metrifonate as a treatment for Alzheimer's disease: An overview. JNSCAG 1997;150:S59.
    • (1997) JNSCAG , vol.150
    • Bieber, F.1    Meulin, D.2    Ouvry, I.3
  • 10
    • 0029610697 scopus 로고
    • Effects of metrifonate and tacrine in the spatial Morris task and modified Irwin test: Evaluation of the efficacy/safety profile in rats
    • Blokland A, Hinz V, Schmidt B. Effects of metrifonate and tacrine in the spatial Morris task and modified Irwin test: Evaluation of the efficacy/safety profile in rats. Drug Dev Res 1995;36:166-179.
    • (1995) Drug Dev Res , vol.36 , pp. 166-179
    • Blokland, A.1    Hinz, V.2    Schmidt, B.3
  • 11
    • 0031896009 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics and drug interactions of cholinesterase inhibitors administered in Alzheimer's disease
    • discussion 79-82
    • Crismon ML. Pharmacokinetics and drug interactions of cholinesterase inhibitors administered in Alzheimer's disease. Pharmacotherapy 1998;18:47-54; discussion 79-82.
    • (1998) Pharmacotherapy , vol.18 , pp. 47-54
    • Crismon, M.L.1
  • 12
    • 0031896251 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metrifonate: Overview of safety and efficacy
    • discussion 79-82
    • Cummings JL. Metrifonate: Overview of safety and efficacy. Pharmacotherapy 1998;18:43-46; discussion 79-82.
    • (1998) Pharmacotherapy , vol.18 , pp. 43-46
    • Cummings, J.L.1
  • 13
    • 0031843797 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metrifonate treatment of the cognitive deficits of Alzheimer's disease
    • published corrections appear in
    • Cummings JL, Cyrus PA, Bieber F, Mas J, Orazem J, Gulanski B. Metrifonate treatment of the cognitive deficits of Alzheimer's disease. [published corrections appear in Neurology 1998;51(1):332). Neurology 1998;50:1214-1221.
    • (1998) Neurology , vol.51 , Issue.1 , pp. 332
    • Cummings, J.L.1    Cyrus, P.A.2    Bieber, F.3    Mas, J.4    Orazem, J.5    Gulanski, B.6
  • 14
    • 0031842292 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cummings JL, Cyrus PA, Bieber F, Mas J, Orazem J, Gulanski B. Metrifonate treatment of the cognitive deficits of Alzheimer's disease. [published corrections appear in Neurology 1998;51(1):332). Neurology 1998;50:1214-1221.
    • (1998) Neurology , vol.50 , pp. 1214-1221
  • 15
    • 2442726782 scopus 로고
    • Paralytic and related effects of certain organic phosphorus compounds
    • Durham WF, Gaines TB, Hayes WJ. Paralytic and related effects of certain organic phosphorus compounds. Arch Industr Health 1956;13:326-330.
    • (1956) Arch Industr Health , vol.13 , pp. 326-330
    • Durham, W.F.1    Gaines, T.B.2    Hayes, W.J.3
  • 16
    • 0031943549 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment outcome of tacrine therapy depends on apolipoprotein genotype and gender of the subjects with Alzheimer's disease
    • Farlow MR, Lahiri DK, Poirier J, Davignon J, Schneider L, Hui SL. Treatment outcome of tacrine therapy depends on apolipoprotein genotype and gender of the subjects with Alzheimer's disease. Neurology 1998;50:669-677.
    • (1998) Neurology , vol.50 , pp. 669-677
    • Farlow, M.R.1    Lahiri, D.K.2    Poirier, J.3    Davignon, J.4    Schneider, L.5    Hui, S.L.6
  • 17
    • 0014519356 scopus 로고
    • Acute toxicity of pesticides
    • Gaines TB. Acute toxicity of pesticides. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1969;14:515-534.
    • (1969) Toxicol Appl Pharmacol , vol.14 , pp. 515-534
    • Gaines, T.B.1
  • 18
    • 0000134682 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cholinesterase inhibitors do more than inhibit cholinesterase
    • Becker EGR, ed. Boston: Birkhäuser
    • Giacobini E, Cholinesterase inhibitors do more than inhibit cholinesterase. In: Becker EGR, ed. Alzheimer Disease: From Molecular Biology to Therapy. Boston: Birkhäuser, 1996:187-204.
    • (1996) Alzheimer Disease: From Molecular Biology to Therapy , pp. 187-204
    • Giacobini, E.1
  • 19
    • 0030763602 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • From molecular structure to Alzheimer therapy
    • Giacobini E. From molecular structure to Alzheimer therapy. Jpn J Pharmacol 1997;74:225-241.
    • (1997) Jpn J Pharmacol , vol.74 , pp. 225-241
    • Giacobini, E.1
  • 20
    • 0031710171 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of subchronic treatment with metrifonate and tacrine on brain cholinergic function in aged F344 rats
    • Giovannini MG, Scali C, Bartolini L, Schmidt B, Pepeu G. Effect of subchronic treatment with metrifonate and tacrine on brain cholinergic function in aged F344 rats. Eur J Pharmacol 1998;354:17-24.
    • (1998) Eur J Pharmacol , vol.354 , pp. 17-24
    • Giovannini, M.G.1    Scali, C.2    Bartolini, L.3    Schmidt, B.4    Pepeu, G.5
  • 21
    • 0023226136 scopus 로고
    • A comparison of the effects of two inhibitors on brain cholinesterase
    • Hallak M, Giacobini E. A comparison of the effects of two inhibitors on brain cholinesterase. Neuropharmacology 1987;26:521-530.
    • (1987) Neuropharmacology , vol.26 , pp. 521-530
    • Hallak, M.1    Giacobini, E.2
  • 22
    • 0024589925 scopus 로고
    • Physostigmine, tacrine and metrifonate: The effect of multiple doses on acetylcholine metabolism in rat brain
    • Hallak M, Giacobini E. Physostigmine, tacrine and metrifonate: The effect of multiple doses on acetylcholine metabolism in rat brain. Neuropharmacology 1989;28:199-206.
    • (1989) Neuropharmacology , vol.28 , pp. 199-206
    • Hallak, M.1    Giacobini, E.2
  • 23
    • 0002670880 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid attainment of steady-state acetylcholinesterase inhibition by administration of metrifonate loading and maintenance doses once-daily in elderly volunteers
    • Heinig R, Versavel M, Breuel HP, et al. Rapid attainment of steady-state acetylcholinesterase inhibition by administration of metrifonate loading and maintenance doses once-daily in elderly volunteers. Biol Psychiatry 1997;42:94S.
    • (1997) Biol Psychiatry , vol.42
    • Heinig, R.1    Versavel, M.2    Breuel, H.P.3
  • 24
    • 0029778404 scopus 로고
    • Receptors interaction profile and CNS general pharmacology of metrifonate and its transformation product dichlorvos in rodents
    • Hinz V, Blokland A, van der Staay F. Receptors interaction profile and CNS general pharmacology of metrifonate and its transformation product dichlorvos in rodents. Drug Dev Res 1966;38:31-42.
    • (1966) Drug Dev Res , vol.38 , pp. 31-42
    • Hinz, V.1    Blokland, A.2    Van Der Staay, F.3
  • 25
    • 0029863987 scopus 로고
    • Metrifonate and dichlorvos: Effects of a single oral administration on cholinesterase activity in rat brain and blood
    • Hinz V, Grewig S, Schmidt BH. Metrifonate and dichlorvos: Effects of a single oral administration on cholinesterase activity in rat brain and blood. Neurochem Res 1966;21:339-345.
    • (1966) Neurochem Res , vol.21 , pp. 339-345
    • Hinz, V.1    Grewig, S.2    Schmidt, B.H.3
  • 26
    • 0029915565 scopus 로고
    • Metrifonate induces cholinesterase inhibition exclusively via slow release of dichlorvos
    • Hinz VC, Grewig S, Schmidt BH. Metrifonate induces cholinesterase inhibition exclusively via slow release of dichlorvos. Neurochem Res 1966;21:331-337.
    • (1966) Neurochem Res , vol.21 , pp. 331-337
    • Hinz, V.C.1    Grewig, S.2    Schmidt, B.H.3
  • 27
    • 0018163960 scopus 로고
    • Metrifonate: Summary of toxicological and pharmacological information available
    • Holmstedt B, Nordgren I, Sandoz M, Sundwall A. Metrifonate: Summary of toxicological and pharmacological information available. Arch Toxicol 1978;41:3-29.
    • (1978) Arch Toxicol , vol.41 , pp. 3-29
    • Holmstedt, B.1    Nordgren, I.2    Sandoz, M.3    Sundwall, A.4
  • 28
    • 0030834141 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of metrifonate on memory impairment and cholinergic dysfunction in rats
    • published corrections appear in
    • Itoh A, Nitta A, Katono Y, et al. Effects of metrifonate on memory impairment and cholinergic dysfunction in rats (published corrections appear in Eur J Pharmacol 1997;332:113). Eur J Pharmacol 1997;322:11-19.
    • (1997) Eur J Pharmacol , vol.332 , pp. 113
    • Itoh, A.1    Nitta, A.2    Katono, Y.3
  • 29
    • 0030931020 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Itoh A, Nitta A, Katono Y, et al. Effects of metrifonate on memory impairment and cholinergic dysfunction in rats (published corrections appear in Eur J Pharmacol 1997;332:113). Eur J Pharmacol 1997;322:11-19.
    • (1997) Eur J Pharmacol , vol.322 , pp. 11-19
  • 30
    • 0019767956 scopus 로고
    • Delayed neurotoxicity - Do trichlorphon and/or dichlorvos cause delayed neuropathy in man or in test animals?
    • Johnson MK. Delayed neurotoxicity - do trichlorphon and/or dichlorvos cause delayed neuropathy in man or in test animals? Acta Pharmacol Toxicol (Copenh) 1981;49:87-98.
    • (1981) Acta Pharmacol Toxicol (Copenh) , vol.49 , pp. 87-98
    • Johnson, M.K.1
  • 31
    • 0031022292 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metrifonate treatment enhances acquisition of eyeblink conditioning in aging rabbits
    • Kronforst-Collins MA, Moriearty PL, Ralph M, et al. Metrifonate treatment enhances acquisition of eyeblink conditioning in aging rabbits. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1997;56:103-110.
    • (1997) Pharmacol Biochem Behav , vol.56 , pp. 103-110
    • Kronforst-Collins, M.A.1    Moriearty, P.L.2    Ralph, M.3
  • 33
    • 0001542851 scopus 로고
    • The new insecticide O,O-dimethyl-2,2,2-trichloro-1-hydroxyethylphosphonate
    • Lorenz W, Henglein A, Schrader G. The new insecticide O,O-dimethyl-2,2,2-trichloro-1-hydroxyethylphosphonate. J Am Chem Soc 1955;77:2554-2556.
    • (1955) J Am Chem Soc , vol.77 , pp. 2554-2556
    • Lorenz, W.1    Henglein, A.2    Schrader, G.3
  • 34
    • 0028842909 scopus 로고
    • Metrifonate effects on acetylcholine and biogenic amines in rat cortex
    • Mori F, Cuadra G, Giacobini E. Metrifonate effects on acetylcholine and biogenic amines in rat cortex. Neurochem Res 1995;20:1081-1088.
    • (1995) Neurochem Res , vol.20 , pp. 1081-1088
    • Mori, F.1    Cuadra, G.2    Giacobini, E.3
  • 35
    • 0028918426 scopus 로고
    • Cholinesterase inhibitors increase secretion of APPs in rat brain cortex
    • Mori F, Lai CC, Fusi F, Giacobini E. Cholinesterase inhibitors increase secretion of APPs in rat brain cortex. Neuroreport 1995;6:633-636.
    • (1995) Neuroreport , vol.6 , pp. 633-636
    • Mori, F.1    Lai, C.C.2    Fusi, F.3    Giacobini, E.4
  • 36
    • 0031842293 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metrifonate benefits cognitive, behavioral, and global function in patients with Alzheimer's disease
    • Morris JC, Cyrus PA, Orazem J, et al. Metrifonate benefits cognitive, behavioral, and global function in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Neurology 1998;50:1222-1230.
    • (1998) Neurology , vol.50 , pp. 1222-1230
    • Morris, J.C.1    Cyrus, P.A.2    Orazem, J.3
  • 37
    • 0019766916 scopus 로고
    • Levels of metrifonate and dichlorvos in plasma and erythrocytes during treatment of schistosomiasis with Bilarcil
    • Nordgren I, Bengtsson E, Holmstedt B, Pettersson BM. Levels of metrifonate and dichlorvos in plasma and erythrocytes during treatment of schistosomiasis with Bilarcil. Acta Pharmacol Toxicol (Copenh) 1981;49:79-86.
    • (1981) Acta Pharmacol Toxicol (Copenh) , vol.49 , pp. 79-86
    • Nordgren, I.1    Bengtsson, E.2    Holmstedt, B.3    Pettersson, B.M.4
  • 39
    • 0018850729 scopus 로고
    • Plasma levels of metrifonate and dichlorvos during treatment of schistosomiasis with Bilarcil
    • Nordgren I, Holmstedt B, Bengtsson E, Finkel Y. Plasma levels of metrifonate and dichlorvos during treatment of schistosomiasis with Bilarcil. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1980;29:426-430.
    • (1980) Am J Trop Med Hyg , vol.29 , pp. 426-430
    • Nordgren, I.1    Holmstedt, B.2    Bengtsson, E.3    Finkel, Y.4
  • 40
    • 0026645616 scopus 로고
    • Preferential inhibition of acetylcholinesterase molecular forms in rat brain
    • Ogane N, Giacobini E, Messamore E. Preferential inhibition of acetylcholinesterase molecular forms in rat brain. Neurochem Res 1992;17:489-495.
    • (1992) Neurochem Res , vol.17 , pp. 489-495
    • Ogane, N.1    Giacobini, E.2    Messamore, E.3
  • 41
    • 0026674465 scopus 로고
    • Differential inhibition of acetylcholinesterase molecular forms in normal and Alzheimer disease brain
    • Ogane N, Giacobini E, Struble R. Differential inhibition of acetylcholinesterase molecular forms in normal and Alzheimer disease brain. Brain Res 1992;589:307-312.
    • (1992) Brain Res , vol.589 , pp. 307-312
    • Ogane, N.1    Giacobini, E.2    Struble, R.3
  • 42
    • 0029029759 scopus 로고
    • Cholinesterase inhibitors proposed for treating dementia in Alzheimer's disease: Selectivity toward human brain acetylcholinesterase compared with butyrylcholinesterase
    • Pacheco G, Palacios-Esquivel R, Moss DE. Cholinesterase inhibitors proposed for treating dementia in Alzheimer's disease: Selectivity toward human brain acetylcholinesterase compared with butyrylcholinesterase. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1995;274:767-770.
    • (1995) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.274 , pp. 767-770
    • Pacheco, G.1    Palacios-Esquivel, R.2    Moss, D.E.3
  • 43
    • 0031894164 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety of metrifonate in patients with Alzheimer's disease
    • Pettigrew LC, Bieber F, Lettieri J, et al. Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety of metrifonate in patients with Alzheimer's disease. J Clin Pharm 1998;38:236-245.
    • (1998) J Clin Pharm , vol.38 , pp. 236-245
    • Pettigrew, L.C.1    Bieber, F.2    Lettieri, J.3
  • 44
    • 0033060809 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effetcs of metrifonate on the cognitive, behavioral, and functional performance of Alzheimer's desease patients
    • Raskind MA, Cyrus PA, Ruzicka BB, Gularski BI. The effetcs of metrifonate on the cognitive, behavioral, and functional performance of Alzheimer's desease patients. J Clin Psychiatry 1999;60:318-325.
    • (1999) J Clin Psychiatry , vol.60 , pp. 318-325
    • Raskind, M.A.1    Cyrus, P.A.2    Ruzicka, B.B.3    Gularski, B.I.4
  • 45
    • 0030936698 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of combined chronic nimodipine and acute metrifonate treatment on spatial and avoidance behavior
    • Riekkinen M, Schmidt B, Kuitunen J, Riekkinen P, Jr. Effects of combined chronic nimodipine and acute metrifonate treatment on spatial and avoidance behavior. Eur J Pharmacol 1997;322:1-9.
    • (1997) Eur J Pharmacol , vol.322 , pp. 1-9
    • Riekkinen, M.1    Schmidt, B.2    Kuitunen, J.3    Riekkinen Jr., P.4
  • 46
    • 0030575536 scopus 로고
    • Metrifonate improves spatial navigation and avoidance behavior in scopolamine-treated, medial septum-lesioned and aged rats
    • Riekkinen P, Jr., Schmidt B, Stefanski R, Kuitunen J, Riekkinen M. Metrifonate improves spatial navigation and avoidance behavior in scopolamine-treated, medial septum-lesioned and aged rats. Eur J Pharmacol 1966;309:121-130.
    • (1966) Eur J Pharmacol , vol.309 , pp. 121-130
    • Riekkinen Jr., P.1    Schmidt, B.2    Stefanski, R.3    Kuitunen, J.4    Riekkinen, M.5
  • 47
    • 0030917597 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of metrifonate on extracellular brain acetylcholine and object recognition in aged rats
    • Scali C, Giovannini MG, Bartolini L, et al. Effect of metrifonate on extracellular brain acetylcholine and object recognition in aged rats. Eur J Pharmacol 1997;325:173-180.
    • (1997) Eur J Pharmacol , vol.325 , pp. 173-180
    • Scali, C.1    Giovannini, M.G.2    Bartolini, L.3
  • 48
    • 0031844755 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The pharmacological basis for metrifonate's favourable tolerability in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease
    • Schmidt BH, Heinig R. The pharmacological basis for metrifonate's favourable tolerability in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Dementia Geriatr Cog Dis 1998;9:15-19.
    • (1998) Dementia Geriatr Cog Dis , vol.9 , pp. 15-19
    • Schmidt, B.H.1    Heinig, R.2
  • 49
    • 0041927165 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interaction of estrogen replacement therapy and Apolipoprotein e genotype status on response to cholinesterase inhibitor therapy in Alzheimer's disease
    • Iqbal BWK, Nishimura T, Takeda M, Wisniewski HM, Eds. New York: John Wiley & Sons Ltd
    • Schneider LS, Farlow MR, Pogoda JM, Poirier J. Interaction of estrogen replacement therapy and Apolipoprotein E genotype status on response to cholinesterase inhibitor therapy in Alzheimer's disease. In: Iqbal BWK, Nishimura T, Takeda M, Wisniewski HM, Eds. Alzheimer's disease: Biology, diagnosis, and therapeutics. New York: John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 1997:655-659.
    • (1997) Alzheimer's Disease: Biology, Diagnosis, and Therapeutics , pp. 655-659
    • Schneider, L.S.1    Farlow, M.R.2    Pogoda, J.M.3    Poirier, J.4
  • 50
    • 0013790652 scopus 로고
    • Acute and subacute toxicity of insecticides to chicks
    • Sherman M, Ross E, Chang MT. Acute and subacute toxicity of insecticides to chicks. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1961;7:606-608.
    • (1961) Toxicol Appl Pharmacol , vol.7 , pp. 606-608
    • Sherman, M.1    Ross, E.2    Chang, M.T.3
  • 51
    • 0031880242 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors in the therapy of Alzheimer's disease
    • discussion S65-S67
    • Taylor P. Development of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors in the therapy of Alzheimer's disease. Neurology 1998;51:S30-S35; discussion S65-S67.
    • (1998) Neurology , vol.51
    • Taylor, P.1
  • 53
    • 0030061097 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of metrifonate on escape and avoidance learning in young and aged rats
    • van der Staay F, Hinz V, Schmidt B. Effects of metrifonate on escape and avoidance learning in young and aged rats. Behav Pharmacol 1996:56-64.
    • (1996) Behav Pharmacol , pp. 56-64
    • Van Der Staay, F.1    Hinz, V.2    Schmidt, B.3
  • 54
    • 0016307279 scopus 로고
    • A case report of organophosphorus insecticide (DDVP) intoxication with respiratory intensive care
    • Watanabe H, Shirai O, Ebata N. A case report of organophosphorus insecticide (DDVP) intoxication with respiratory intensive care. Sapporo Med J 1974;43:334-337.
    • (1974) Sapporo Med J , vol.43 , pp. 334-337
    • Watanabe, H.1    Shirai, O.2    Ebata, N.3
  • 55
    • 2442748965 scopus 로고
    • Relationship between depression of brain or plasma cholinesterase and paralysis in chickens caused by certain organic phosphorus compounds
    • Witter R, Gaines T. Relationship between depression of brain or plasma cholinesterase and paralysis in chickens caused by certain organic phosphorus compounds. Biochem Pharmacol 1963;12:1377-1386.
    • (1963) Biochem Pharmacol , vol.12 , pp. 1377-1386
    • Witter, R.1    Gaines, T.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.