Antibiotic resistance in gram-positive bacteria: Epidemiological aspects

Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy

Volumn 44, Issue TOPIC A, 1999, Pages 1-9

  Witte, Wolfgang ^a  

^a ROBERT KOCH INSTITUTE   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; GLYCOPEPTIDE;

ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE; COAGULASE NEGATIVE STAPHYLOCOCCUS; ENTEROCOCCUS; GENE; GRAM POSITIVE BACTERIUM; METHICILLIN RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS; PREVALENCE; REVIEW; STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE;

EID: 0032884568     PISSN: 03057453     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/jac/44.suppl_1.1     Document Type: Review

References (73)

1. Levy, S. (1998). Multidrug resistance - a sign of the times. New England Journal of Medicine 338, 1376-8.
2. Schaberg, D. R., Culver, D. H. & Gaynes, R. P. (1991). Major trends in the microbial etiology of nosocomial infection. Americal Journal of Medicine 91, Suppl. 3B, 72S-5S.
3. Appelbaum, P. C. (1992). Antimicrobial resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae. Clinical Infectious Diseases 15, 77-83.
4. Appelbaum, P. C. (1995). New prospects for antibacterial agents against multidrug-resistant pneumococci. Microbial Drug Resistance 1, 43-8.
5. Hiramatsu, K., Hanaki, H., Into, T., Yabuta, K., Oguri, T. & Tenover, F. (1997). Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clinical strain with reduced vancomycin susceptibility. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 40, 135-6.
6. Smith, T., Pearson, M. L., Wilcos, K. R., Cruz, C., Lancaster, M. V., Robinson-Durm et al. (1999). Emergence of vancomycin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus. New England Journal of Medicine 340, 493-501.
7. Geisel, R., Schmitz, F. J., Thomas, L., Berns, G., Zetsche, O., Ulrich, X. et al. (1999). Emergence of hetero-vancomycin-intermediate resistant Staphylococcus aureus within the Düsseldorf area. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 43, 846-8.
8. Archer, G., Niemeyer, D. M., (1994). Origin and evolution of DNA associated with resistance to methicillin in staphylococci. Trends in Microbiology 2, 343-7.
9. Skurray, R. & Firth, N. (1997). Molecular evolution of multiply antibiotic resistant staphylococci. In Antibiotic Resistance: Origins, Evolution, Selection and Spread. Ciba Foundation Symposium 207. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, New York, Weinheim.
10. Spencer, R. C. (1996). Predominant pathogens found in the European Prevalence of Infection in Intensive Care study. European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases 15, 281-5.
11. Cuny, C., Claus, H. & Witte, W. (1996). Discrimination of S. aureus by PCR for r-RNA gene spacer size polymorphism and comparison to Smal-macrorestriction patterns. International Journal of Medical Microbiology, Virology, Parasitology and Infectious Disease 283, 466-76.
12. Kreiswirth, B., Kornblum, J., Arbeit, R. R., Eisner, W., Maslow, J. V., McGeer, A. et al. (1993). Evidence for a clonal origin of methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus. Science 259, 227-30.
13. Witte, W. & Cuny, C. (1996a). Length polymorphisms detected in PCR for r-RNA gene spacers and ERIC-2 sequence flanked regions indicate clonal relatedness among groups of Staphylococcus aureus strains. Experiencia 52, 313-5.
14. Cookson, B. D. & Phillips, I. (1988). Epidemic methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 33, Suppl. C, 57-65.
15. Witte, W., Kresken, M., Braulke, C. & Cuny C. (1997). Increasing incidence and widespread dissemination of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in hospitals in central Europe, with special reference to German hospitals. Cinical Microbiology and Infection 3, 414-22.
16. Witte, W., Cuny, C., Halle, E., Wagner J. & Mauch, H. (1994). Methicillin resistance in an epidemic Staphylococcus aureus strain with genomic fingerprints corresponding to those of a sensitive strain in the community. Medical Microbiology Letters 3, 388-95.
17. Windmeier, C., Cuny, C., Braulke, C., Heuck, D. & Witte, W. (1999). Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus exhibiting genomic fingerprints of phage group I strains in a hospital and in a nurse's family. European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases 18, 156-8.
18. CDC. (1997). Detecting staphylococci with reduced vancomycin susceptibility. Mordibity and Mortality Weekly Reports 46, 627-8.
19. Robert Koch Institute (1998). Epidemiologisches Bulletin 17.98, 123.
20. Ploy, M. C., Grelaud, C., Martin, C, de Lumley, L. & Denis, F. (1998). First clinical isolate of vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus in a French hospital. Lancet 351, 1212.
21. Hanaki, H., Labischinski, H., Inaba, Y., Kondo, V., Murakami, H. & Miramatsu, K. (1998). Increase in glutamine-non-amidated muropeptides in the peptidoglycan of vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strain Mu50. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 42, 315-20.
22. Noble, W. C., Virani, Z. & Cree, R. G. A. (1992). Co-transfer of vancomycin and other resistance genes from Enterococcus faecalis NCTC 12201 to Staphylococcus aureus. FEMS Microbiological Letters 72, 195-8.
23. Von Eiff, C., Reinert, R. R. & Peters, G. (1998). In vitro activity of quinupristin-dalfopristin (Q-D) in comparison to other antibiotics against staphylococci from patients with bacteremia - first results of a German multicenter study. Fourth International Conference on the Macrolides, Azalides, Streptogramins and Ketolides. Barcelona, 1998, Abstract 3.24.
24. Lyytikäinen, O., Vaara, M., Jarviluoma, E., Rosenquist, K., Tittanen, L. & Valtonen, V. (1996). Increasing resistance among Staphylococcus epidermidis isolates in a large teaching hospital over a 12-year period. European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases 15, 133-8.
25. Archer, G. L. & Climo, M. W. (1994). Antimicrobial susceptibility of coagulase-negative staphylococci. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 38, 2231-7.
26. Sieradski, K., Roberts, R. B., Sener, D., Hargrave, J. & Tomasz, A. (1999). Heterogeneously vancomycin resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis strain causing recurrent peritonitis in a dialysis patient during vancomycin therapy. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 37, 39-44.
27. Archer, G. L. (1983). Alteration of cutaneous staphylococcal flora as a consequence of antimicrobial prophylaxis. Reviews of Infectious Diseases 13, Suppl. 10, S805-9.
28. Ziebuhr, W., Heilmann, Chr., Götz, F., Meyer, P., Wilms, K., Straube, E. et al. (1997). Detection of the intercellular adhesion gene cluster (ica) and phase variation in Staphylococcus epidermidis blood culture strains and mucoside isolates. Infection and Immunity 65, 890-6.
29. Herwaldt, L. A., Hollis, R. J., Boyken, L. D. & Pfuller, M. A. (1992). Molecular epidemiology of coagulase negative staphylococci isolated from immunocompromised patients. Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology 13, 86-92.
30. Boyce, J. M., Potter-Bynoe, G., Opal, S. M., Dziobek, L. & Medeiros, A. A. (1990). A common-source outbreak of Staphylococcus epidermidis infections among patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Journal of Infectious Diseases 161, 493-8.
31. Burnie, J. P., Naderi-Nasab, M., London, K. W. & Matthews, R. C. (1997). An epidemiological study of blood culture isolates of coagulase-negative staphylococci demonstrating hospital-acquired infection. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 35, 1746-50.
32. Lyyitikäinen, O., Saxen H., Prykänen, R., Vaara, M. & Vuopio-Vorkila, J. (1995). Persistence of a multiresistant clone of Staphylococcus epidermidis in a neonatal intensive-care unit for a four-year period. Clinical Infectious Diseases 20, 24-9.
33. Patterson, J. E., Wagner, A., Zeschenk, K., Zervos, M. J. & Murray, B. (1990). Molecular epidemiology of β-lactamase producing enterococci. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 34, 302-5.
34. Fontana, R., Ligozzi, M., Pittaluga, F. & Satta G. (1996). Intrinsic penicillin resistance in enterococci. Microbial Drug Resistance 2, 209-13.
35. Hodel-Christian, S. L. & Murray, B. E. (1991). Characterization of the gentamicin resistance transposon Tn5281 from Enterococcus faecalis and comparison to staphylococcal transposons TN4001 and Tn4031. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 35, 1147-52.
36. Rende-Fournier, R., Leclercq, R., Galimond, M., Duval, G. & Courvalin, P. (1993). Identification of the satA gene encoding a streptogramine A acetyltransferase in Enterococcus faecium BM4145. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 37, 2119-25.
37. Perichon, B., Reynolds, R. & Courvalin, P. (1997). VanD-type glycopeptide resistant Enterococcus faecium BM4339. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 41, 24-9.
38. Arthur, M., Reynolds, R. & Courvalin, P. (1996). Glycopeptide resistance in enterococci. Trends in Microbiology 4, 401-7.
39. National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (NNIS) Report. (1996). Data summary from October 1986-April 1996, issued May 1996. American Journal of Infection Control 24, 370-8.
40. CDC. (1993). Nosocomial enterococci resistant to vancomycin. United States 1989-1993. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Reports 42, 597-599.
41. Goosens, H. (1998). Clinical epidemiology and diffusion of glycopeptide-resistant enterococci in Europe. In: Brun-Buisson, C., Eliopoulos, G., Leclercq, R., Eds., Bacterial Resistance to Glycopeptides. Medicine Sciences, Flammarion, Paris.
42. Kresken, M. & Hafner, D. (1996). Prävalenz der Antibiotikaresistenz bei klinisch-wichtigen Infektionserregern in Mitteleuropa. Chemotherapie Journal 5, 225-30.
43. Rice, L. B. (1998). Molecular epidemiology of antibiotic resistance and typing of enterococci. In Bacterial Resistance to Glycopeptides. Brun-Brusson, C., Eliopoulos, G. & Leclercq, R. Eds, Medicine Sciences, Flammarion, Paris.
44. Marcus, N., Peled, N. & Yagupsky, P. (1997). Rapid increase in the prevalence of antimicrobial drug resistance among enterococcal blood isolates in Southern Israel. European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases 16, 913-5.
45. Klare, I., Heier, H., Claus, H. & Witte, W. (1995a). vanA-mediated high-level glycopeptide resistance in Enterococcus faecium from animal husbandry. FEMS Microbiological Letters 125, 165-72.
46. Aarestrup, F. M., Ahrens, P., Madsen, M., Pallesen, L. V., Poulsen, R. L. & Westh, H. (1996). Glycopeptide susceptibility among Danish Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis isolates of animal and human origin and PCR identification of genes within the vanA cluster. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 40, 1938-40.
47. Klare, I., Heier, H., Claus, H., Böhme, G., Marin, S., Seltmann, G. et al. (1995b). Enterococcus faecium strains with vanA-mediated high-level glycopeptide resistance isolated from animal foodstuffs and faecal samples of humans in the community. Microbial Drug Resistance 1, 265-72.
48. Klare, I., Badstübner, D., Konstabel, C., Böhme, G., Claus, H. & Witte, W. (1999). Decreased incidence of vanA type vancomycin-resistant enterococci isolated from poultry, meat and from faecal samples of humans in the community after discontinuation of avoparcin usage in animal husbandry. Microbial Drug Resistance 5, 45-52.
49. Schouten, M. A., Voss, A., Hoogkamp-Konstantje, J. A. (1997). VRE and meat. Lancet 349, 1258.
50. Werner, G., Klare, I. & Witte, W. (1997). Arrangement of the vanA gene cluster in enterococci of different ecological origin. FEMS Microbiology Letters 155, 55-61.
51. Jensen, L. B., Ahrens, P., Dons, L., Jones, R. N., Hammerum, A. M. & Aarestrup, F. M. (1998). Molecular analysis of Tn1546 in Enterococcus faecium isolated from animal and humans. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 36, 437-42.
52. van den Braak, N., van Belkum, A., van Keulen, M., Vliegenhart, J., Verbrugh, H., Endtz, H. et al. (1998). Molecular characterization of vancomycin-resistant enterococci from hospitalized patients and poultry products in the Netherlands. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 36, 1927-32.
53. Woodford, N., Adebiyi, A. M., Palepou, M. F. & Cookson, B. D. (1998). Diversity of vanA glycopeptide resistance elements in enterococci from humans and nonhuman sources. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 42, 502-8.
54. Kirst, H. A., Thompson, D. HG. & Nicas, T. (1998). Historical yearly usage of vancomycin. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 42, 1303-4.
55. Edmond, M. B., Ober, J. F., Weinbaum, D. L., Pfaller, M. A., Hwang, T. & Sanford, M. D. (1995). Vancomycin resistant Enterococcus faecium bacteremia: risk factors for infection. Clinical Infectious Diseases 20, 1126-33.
56. Werner, G., Klare, I. & Witte, W. (1998). Association between quinupristin/dalfopristin resistance in glycopeptide resistant Enterococcus faecium and the use of additives in animal feed. European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases 17, 401-2.
57. Hakenbeck, R. (1995). Target mediated resistance to β-lactam antibiotics. Biochemical Pharmacology 50, 1121-7.
58. Laible, G., Spratt, B. G. & Hakenbeck, R. (1991). Interspecies recombinational events during the evolution of altered PBP2x genes in penicillin resistant clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Molecular Microbiology 5, 1993-2002.
59. Courvalin, P. & Carlier, C. (1986). Transposable multiple antibiotic resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae. Molecular and General Genetics 205, 291-7.
60. Clancy, J., Petipas, J., Dib-Haji, F., Yuan, F., Cronan, M., Kamath, A. V. et al. (1996). Molecular cloning and functional analysis of a novel macrolide resistance determinant, mefA, from Streptococcus pyogenes. Molecular Microbiology 22, 867-79.
61. Figuliredo, A. M. S., Austrian, R., Urbaskova, P., Teixeira, L. A. & Tomasz, A. (1995). Novel penicillin resistant clones of Streptococcus pneumoniae in the Czech Republic and in Slovakia. Microbial Drug Resistance 1, 71-8.
62. Munoz, R. T., Coffey, J., Daniels, M., Dowson, C. G., Laible, G., Casal, J. et al. (1991). Inter continental spread of a multiresistant clone of serotype 23F Streptococcus pneumoniae. Journal of Infectious Diseases 164, 302-6.
63. Sibold, C., Wang, J., Henrichsen, J. & Hakenbeck, R. (1992). Genetic relationships of penicillin-susceptible and -resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae strains isolated from different continents. Infection and Immunity 60, 4119-26.
64. Poyart, C., Pierre, C., Quesne, G., Pron, B., Bercke, P. & Treiu-Cuot, P. (1997). Emergence of vancomycin resistance in the genus Streptococcus: characterization of a vanB transferable determinant in Streptococcus bovis. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 41, 24-9.
65. Allignet, J., Aubert, S., Morvan, A. & El Solh, N. (1996). Distribution of genes encoding resistance to streptogramin A and related compounds among staphylococci resistant to these antibiotics. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 40, 2523-8.
66. Kayser, F. (1997). Antibiotic resistance mechanisms in the Staphylococcus. In Antibiotic Resistance (Hakenbeck, R. Hrsg.), Biospektrum Sonderausgabe S. 14-16.
67. Voss, A., Milatovic, D., Walrauch-Schwarz, C., Rosdahl, V. T. & Braveny, T. (1994). Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Europe. European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases 13, 50-5.
68. Struelens, M. & Mertens, R. (1994). National survey of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Belgian hospitals: detection methods, prevalence trends and infection control measures. European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases 13, 56-63.
69. Rosdahl, V. T., Esperson, J., Frimodt-Moller, N. & Skinhoj, P. (1994). Changing Staphylococcus aureus epidemiology: 30 years experience. Zentralblatt Bakteriologie, Supplement 26, 3-8.
70. Frenay, H. M. F., Peerbooms, P. G. H., van Leeuwen, V. J., Wynne, H. J., Verhoef, J., Hendriks, W. D. H. et al. (1994). Nursing homes: not a source of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the Netherlands. Clinical Infectious Diseases 19, 213-4.
71. Archibald, L. V., Phillips, L., Monnet, D., McGowan, J. E., Tenover, F. & Gaynes, R. (1997). Antimicrobial resistance in isolates from inpatients and outpatients in the United States: the increasing importance of the intensive care unit. Clinical Infectious Diseases 24, 211-5.
72. Kimura, A., Igarashi, H., Ushioda, H., Okuzuki, K., Kobayashi, H. & Otsuka, T. (1992). Epidemiological study of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from Japanese National University and Medical College hospitals. Kansenshogaku Zassi 66, 1543-9.
73. Arthur, M. & Courvalin, P. (1993). Genetics and mechanism of glycopeptide resistance in enterococci. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 37, 1563-71.