메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 42, Issue 2-3, 1999, Pages 125-144

New antiviral agents for the therapy of chronic hepatitis B virus infection

Author keywords

Antiviral therapy; Chronic hepatitis B; Hepadnaviridae; Hepatitis B virus; Nucleoside analogs; Viral resistance

Indexed keywords

3' O BENZYLTRIFLURIDINE; ACICLOVIR; ADEFOVIR; ADENOSINE DERIVATIVE; CIDOFOVIR; CYCLOPENTYLGUANOSINE; DIDANOSINE; DNA POLYMERASE; DNA VACCINE; FAMCICLOVIR; FIALURIDINE; FOSCARNET; GANCICLOVIR; LAMIVUDINE; LOBUCAVIR; NUCLEOSIDE ANALOG; RIBAVIRIN; STAVUDINE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; VALACICLOVIR; VIDARABINE PHOSPHATE; VIRUS DNA; ZALCITABINE; ZIDOVUDINE;

EID: 0032884013     PISSN: 03005526     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1159/000024972     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (30)

References (168)
  • 1
    • 0029893146 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term follow-up of HBeAg-positive patients treated with interferon alfa for chronic hepatitis B
    • Niederau C, Heintges T, Lange S, Goldmann G, Niederau C, Mohr L, Haussinger D: Long-term follow-up of HBeAg-positive patients treated with interferon alfa for chronic hepatitis B. N Engl J Med 1996;334:1422-1427.
    • (1996) N Engl J Med , vol.334 , pp. 1422-1427
    • Niederau, C.1    Heintges, T.2    Lange, S.3    Goldmann, G.4    Niederau, C.5    Mohr, L.6    Haussinger, D.7
  • 2
    • 1842291578 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The treatment of chronic viral hepatitis
    • Hoofnagle JH, Di Bisceglie AM: The treatment of chronic viral hepatitis. N Engl J Med 1997; 336:347-356.
    • (1997) N Engl J Med , vol.336 , pp. 347-356
    • Hoofnagle, J.H.1    Di Bisceglie, A.M.2
  • 3
    • 0001242733 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of famciclovir in chronic hepatitis B: Results of a dose-finding study
    • Trépo C, Jezek P, Atkinson G, Boon R: Efficacy of famciclovir in chronic hepatitis B: Results of a dose-finding study (abstract 247). Hepatology 1996;24:188A.
    • (1996) Hepatology , vol.24
    • Trépo, C.1    Jezek, P.2    Atkinson, G.3    Boon, R.4
  • 5
    • 0030949106 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combination therapy for chronic hepatitis B
    • Fontana RJ, Lok ASF: Combination therapy for chronic hepatitis B. Hepatology 1997;26: 234-237.
    • (1997) Hepatology , vol.26 , pp. 234-237
    • Fontana, R.J.1    Lok, A.S.F.2
  • 6
    • 0019796057 scopus 로고
    • Three recently described animal virus models for human hepatitis B virus
    • Summers J: Three recently described animal virus models for human hepatitis B virus. Hepatology 1981;1:179-183.
    • (1981) Hepatology , vol.1 , pp. 179-183
    • Summers, J.1
  • 7
    • 0032845490 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hepatitis B virus replication: Novel roles for virus-host interactions
    • Nassal M: Hepatitis B virus replication: Novel roles for virus-host interactions. Intervirology 1999;42:100-116.
    • (1999) Intervirology , vol.42 , pp. 100-116
    • Nassal, M.1
  • 8
    • 0019949367 scopus 로고
    • Replication of the genome of a hepatitis B-like virus by reverse transcription of an RNA intermediate
    • Summers J, Mason WS: Replication of the genome of a hepatitis B-like virus by reverse transcription of an RNA intermediate. Cell 1982;29:403-415.
    • (1982) Cell , vol.29 , pp. 403-415
    • Summers, J.1    Mason, W.S.2
  • 9
    • 0022502287 scopus 로고
    • Biochemical and genetic evidence for the hepatitis B virus replication strategy
    • Seeger C, Ganem D, Varmus HE: Biochemical and genetic evidence for the hepatitis B virus replication strategy. Science 1986;232:477-484.
    • (1986) Science , vol.232 , pp. 477-484
    • Seeger, C.1    Ganem, D.2    Varmus, H.E.3
  • 10
    • 0023028191 scopus 로고
    • Formation of the pool of covalently closed circular viral DNA in hepadnavirus infected cells
    • Tuttleman J. Pourcel C, Summers J: Formation of the pool of covalently closed circular viral DNA in hepadnavirus infected cells. Cell 1986;47:451-460.
    • (1986) Cell , vol.47 , pp. 451-460
    • Tuttleman, J.1    Pourcel, C.2    Summers, J.3
  • 12
    • 0022069746 scopus 로고
    • The HBV HBx gene expressed in E. coli is recognised by sera from hepatitis patients
    • Kay A, Mandart E, Trepo C, Galibert F: The HBV HBx gene expressed in E. coli is recognised by sera from hepatitis patients. EMBO J 1985;4:1287-1292.
    • (1985) EMBO J , vol.4 , pp. 1287-1292
    • Kay, A.1    Mandart, E.2    Trepo, C.3    Galibert, F.4
  • 13
    • 0028295258 scopus 로고
    • A cell surface protein that binds avian hepatitis B virus particles
    • Kuroki K, Cheung R, Marion P, Ganem D: A cell surface protein that binds avian hepatitis B virus particles. J Virol 1994;68:2091-2096.
    • (1994) J Virol , vol.68 , pp. 2091-2096
    • Kuroki, K.1    Cheung, R.2    Marion, P.3    Ganem, D.4
  • 14
    • 0027411390 scopus 로고
    • The problem of antiviral therapy for chronic hepadnavirus infection
    • Mason W: The problem of antiviral therapy for chronic hepadnavirus infection. J Hepatol 1993:17(suppl 3):S137-S142.
    • (1993) J Hepatol , vol.17 , Issue.SUPPL. 3
    • Mason, W.1
  • 15
    • 0003188123 scopus 로고
    • Hepadnavirus replication and approaches to antiviral therapy
    • Doerfler W, Bohm O (eds): New York, Wiley, chapt 4
    • Seeger C, Mason W: Hepadnavirus replication and approaches to antiviral therapy: in Doerfler W, Bohm O (eds): Virus strategies. New York, Wiley, 1993, chapt 4, pp 77-93.
    • (1993) Virus Strategies , pp. 77-93
    • Seeger, C.1    Mason, W.2
  • 16
    • 0030035038 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hsp90 is required for the activity of a hepatitis B virus reverse transcriptase
    • Hu J, Seeger C: Hsp90 is required for the activity of a hepatitis B virus reverse transcriptase. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1996;93:1060-1064.
    • (1996) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.93 , pp. 1060-1064
    • Hu, J.1    Seeger, C.2
  • 17
    • 0028004062 scopus 로고
    • The role of RNA in enzymatic activity of the reverse transcriptase of hepatitis B viruses
    • Wang G, Zoulim F, Leber E, Kitson J, Seeger C: The role of RNA in enzymatic activity of the reverse transcriptase of hepatitis B viruses. J Virol 1994;68:8437-8442.
    • (1994) J Virol , vol.68 , pp. 8437-8442
    • Wang, G.1    Zoulim, F.2    Leber, E.3    Kitson, J.4    Seeger, C.5
  • 18
    • 0028091053 scopus 로고
    • Reverse transcription in hepatitis B viruses is primed by a tyrosine residue of the polymerase
    • Zoulim F, Seeger C: Reverse transcription in hepatitis B viruses is primed by a tyrosine residue of the polymerase. J Virol 1994;68:6-13.
    • (1994) J Virol , vol.68 , pp. 6-13
    • Zoulim, F.1    Seeger, C.2
  • 19
    • 0344184484 scopus 로고
    • An RNA-protein interaction is required for enzymatic activity of the hepadnavirus reverse transcriptase
    • Washington, August
    • Wang G, Zoulim F, Leber E, Seeger C: An RNA-protein interaction is required for enzymatic activity of the hepadnavirus reverse transcriptase (abstract). Molecular Biology of Hepatitis B Viruses, Washington, August 1993, p 12.
    • (1993) Molecular Biology of Hepatitis B Viruses , pp. 12
    • Wang, G.1    Zoulim, F.2    Leber, E.3    Seeger, C.4
  • 21
    • 0026706346 scopus 로고
    • Hepadnaviral assembly is initiated by polymerase binding to the encapsidation signal in the viral RNA genome
    • Bartenschlager R, Schaller H: Hepadnaviral assembly is initiated by polymerase binding to the encapsidation signal in the viral RNA genome. EMBO J 1992;11:3413-3420.
    • (1992) EMBO J , vol.11 , pp. 3413-3420
    • Bartenschlager, R.1    Schaller, H.2
  • 22
    • 0026695732 scopus 로고
    • The arginine rich domain of the hepatitis B virus core protein is required for pregenome encapsidation and productive viral positive strand DNA synthesis but not for virus assembly
    • Nassal M: The arginine rich domain of the hepatitis B virus core protein is required for pregenome encapsidation and productive viral positive strand DNA synthesis but not for virus assembly. J Virol 1992;66:4107-4116.
    • (1992) J Virol , vol.66 , pp. 4107-4116
    • Nassal, M.1
  • 23
    • 0025238448 scopus 로고
    • Polymerase gene products of hepatitis B viruses are required for genomic RNA packaging as well as for reverse transcription
    • Hirsch RC, Lavine JE, Chang LJ, Varmus HE, Ganem D: Polymerase gene products of hepatitis B viruses are required for genomic RNA packaging as well as for reverse transcription. Nature 1990;344:552-555.
    • (1990) Nature , vol.344 , pp. 552-555
    • Hirsch, R.C.1    Lavine, J.E.2    Chang, L.J.3    Varmus, H.E.4    Ganem, D.5
  • 24
    • 0026004457 scopus 로고
    • Cis-acting sequences required for encapsidation of duck hepatitis B virus pregenomic RNA
    • Hirsch RC, Loeb DD, Pollack JR, Ganem D: Cis-acting sequences required for encapsidation of duck hepatitis B virus pregenomic RNA. J Virol 1991;65:3309-3316.
    • (1991) J Virol , vol.65 , pp. 3309-3316
    • Hirsch, R.C.1    Loeb, D.D.2    Pollack, J.R.3    Ganem, D.4
  • 25
    • 0024334177 scopus 로고
    • Features of two hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA integrations suggest mechanism of HBV integration
    • Hino O, Ohtake K, Rogler CE: Features of two hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA integrations suggest mechanism of HBV integration. J Virol 1989;63:2638-2643.
    • (1989) J Virol , vol.63 , pp. 2638-2643
    • Hino, O.1    Ohtake, K.2    Rogler, C.E.3
  • 26
    • 0026034960 scopus 로고
    • The role of envelope proteins in hepatitis B virus assembly
    • Bruss V, Ganem D: The role of envelope proteins in hepatitis B virus assembly. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1991;88:1059-1063
    • (1991) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.88 , pp. 1059-1063
    • Bruss, V.1    Ganem, D.2
  • 27
    • 0028013056 scopus 로고
    • Mapping of a region of the large envelope protein required for hepatitis B virion maturation
    • Bruss V, Thomssen R: Mapping of a region of the large envelope protein required for hepatitis B virion maturation. J Virol 1994;68:1643-1650.
    • (1994) J Virol , vol.68 , pp. 1643-1650
    • Bruss, V.1    Thomssen, R.2
  • 28
    • 0028874697 scopus 로고
    • Functions of the internal pre-S domain of the large surface protein in hepatitis B virus particle morphogenesis
    • Bruss V, Vieluf K: Functions of the internal pre-S domain of the large surface protein in hepatitis B virus particle morphogenesis. J Virol 1995;69:6652-6657.
    • (1995) J Virol , vol.69 , pp. 6652-6657
    • Bruss, V.1    Vieluf, K.2
  • 29
    • 0030731672 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A short linear sequence in the pre-S domain of the large hepatitis B virus envelope protein required for virion formation
    • Bruss V: A short linear sequence in the pre-S domain of the large hepatitis B virus envelope protein required for virion formation. J Virol 1997;71:9350-9357.
    • (1997) J Virol , vol.71 , pp. 9350-9357
    • Bruss, V.1
  • 33
    • 0028013064 scopus 로고
    • Woodchuck hepatitis virus X protein is required for viral replication in vivo
    • Zoulim F, Saputelli J, Seeger C: Woodchuck hepatitis virus X protein is required for viral replication in vivo. J Virol 1994;68:2026-2030.
    • (1994) J Virol , vol.68 , pp. 2026-2030
    • Zoulim, F.1    Saputelli, J.2    Seeger, C.3
  • 34
    • 0025329760 scopus 로고
    • In hepatocytes infected with duck hepatitis B virus, the template for viral RNA synthesis is amplified by an intracellular pathway
    • Wu T-T, Coates L, Aldrich CE, Summers J, Mason WS: In hepatocytes infected with duck hepatitis B virus, the template for viral RNA synthesis is amplified by an intracellular pathway. Virology 1990;175:255-261.
    • (1990) Virology , vol.175 , pp. 255-261
    • Wu, T.-T.1    Coates, L.2    Aldrich, C.E.3    Summers, J.4    Mason, W.S.5
  • 35
    • 0027979816 scopus 로고
    • The carbocyclic analog of 2'-deoxyguanosine induces a prolonged inhibition of duck hepatitis B virus DNA synthesis in primary hepatocyte cultures and in the liver
    • Fourel I, Saputelli J, Schaffer P, Mason W: The carbocyclic analog of 2'-deoxyguanosine induces a prolonged inhibition of duck hepatitis B virus DNA synthesis in primary hepatocyte cultures and in the liver. J Virol 1994;68:1059-1065.
    • (1994) J Virol , vol.68 , pp. 1059-1065
    • Fourel, I.1    Saputelli, J.2    Schaffer, P.3    Mason, W.4
  • 36
    • 0028102990 scopus 로고
    • Evidence that hepatocyte turnover is required for rapid clearance of duck hepatitis B virus during antiviral therapy of chronically infected ducks
    • Fourel I, Cullen J, Saputelli J, Aldrich C, Schaffer P, Averett D, Pugh J, Mason W: Evidence that hepatocyte turnover is required for rapid clearance of duck hepatitis B virus during antiviral therapy of chronically infected ducks. J Virol 1994;68:8321-8330.
    • (1994) J Virol , vol.68 , pp. 8321-8330
    • Fourel, I.1    Cullen, J.2    Saputelli, J.3    Aldrich, C.4    Schaffer, P.5    Averett, D.6    Pugh, J.7    Mason, W.8
  • 37
    • 0030776176 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lack of effect of antiviral therapy in nondividing hepatocyte cultures on the closed circular DNA of woodchuck hepatitis virus
    • Moraleda G, Saputelli J, Aldrich CE, Averett D, Condreay L, Mason WS: Lack of effect of antiviral therapy in nondividing hepatocyte cultures on the closed circular DNA of woodchuck hepatitis virus. J Virol 1997;71:9392-9399.
    • (1997) J Virol , vol.71 , pp. 9392-9399
    • Moraleda, G.1    Saputelli, J.2    Aldrich, C.E.3    Averett, D.4    Condreay, L.5    Mason, W.S.6
  • 39
    • 0023727192 scopus 로고
    • Replicative intermediates of hepatitis B virus in HepG2 cells that produce infectious virions
    • Sells MA, Zelent AZ, Shvartsman M, Acs G: Replicative intermediates of hepatitis B virus in HepG2 cells that produce infectious virions. J Virol 1988;62:2836-2844.
    • (1988) J Virol , vol.62 , pp. 2836-2844
    • Sells, M.A.1    Zelent, A.Z.2    Shvartsman, M.3    Acs, G.4
  • 40
    • 0000934401 scopus 로고
    • Production of hepatitis B virus particles in hepG2 cells transfected with cloned hepatitis B virus DNA
    • Sells MA, Chen M, Acs G: Production of hepatitis B virus particles in hepG2 cells transfected with cloned hepatitis B virus DNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1987;84:1005-1009.
    • (1987) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.84 , pp. 1005-1009
    • Sells, M.A.1    Chen, M.2    Acs, G.3
  • 41
    • 0024460980 scopus 로고
    • In vitro infection of woodchuck hepatocytes with woodchuck hepatitis virus and ground squirrel hepatitis virus
    • Aldrich CE, Coates L, Wu T-T, Newbold J, Tonnant BC, Summers J, Seeger C, Mason WS: In vitro infection of woodchuck hepatocytes with woodchuck hepatitis virus and ground squirrel hepatitis virus. Virology 1989;172: 247-252.
    • (1989) Virology , vol.172 , pp. 247-252
    • Aldrich, C.E.1    Coates, L.2    Wu, T.-T.3    Newbold, J.4    Tonnant, B.C.5    Summers, J.6    Seeger, C.7    Mason, W.S.8
  • 42
    • 0023755464 scopus 로고
    • Hepatitis B virus infection of adult human hepatocytes cultured in the presence of dimethyl sulfoxide
    • Gripon P, Diot C, Theze N, Fourel I, Loreal O, Brechot C, Guguen-Guillouzo C: Hepatitis B virus infection of adult human hepatocytes cultured in the presence of dimethyl sulfoxide. J Virol 1988;62:4136-4143.
    • (1988) J Virol , vol.62 , pp. 4136-4143
    • Gripon, P.1    Diot, C.2    Theze, N.3    Fourel, I.4    Loreal, O.5    Brechot, C.6    Guguen-Guillouzo, C.7
  • 43
    • 0022504551 scopus 로고
    • In vitro experimental infection of primary duck hepatocyte cultures with duck hepatitis B virus
    • Tuttleman JS, Pugh JC, Summers JW: In vitro experimental infection of primary duck hepatocyte cultures with duck hepatitis B virus. J Virol 1986;58:17-25.
    • (1986) J Virol , vol.58 , pp. 17-25
    • Tuttleman, J.S.1    Pugh, J.C.2    Summers, J.W.3
  • 44
    • 0029148749 scopus 로고
    • Hepatitis B virus transgenic mice: Insights into the virus and the disease
    • Chisari F: Hepatitis B virus transgenic mice: Insights into the virus and the disease. Hepatology 1995;22:1316-1325.
    • (1995) Hepatology , vol.22 , pp. 1316-1325
    • Chisari, F.1
  • 45
    • 0028989769 scopus 로고
    • Antiviral activities of isomeric dideoxynucleosides of D- and L-related stereochemistry
    • Nair V, Jahnke T: Antiviral activities of isomeric dideoxynucleosides of D- and L-related stereochemistry. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1995;39:1017-1029.
    • (1995) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.39 , pp. 1017-1029
    • Nair, V.1    Jahnke, T.2
  • 46
    • 0028808367 scopus 로고
    • Use of novel b-L(-)-nucleoside analogues for treatment and prevention of chronic hepatitis B virus infection and hepatocellular carcinoma
    • Boyer JL, Ockner RK (eds)
    • Bridges E, Cheng Y: Use of novel b-L(-)-nucleoside analogues for treatment and prevention of chronic hepatitis B virus infection and hepatocellular carcinoma: in Boyer JL, Ockner RK (eds): Progress in liver diseases. 1995;13:231-245.
    • (1995) Progress in Liver Diseases , vol.13 , pp. 231-245
    • Bridges, E.1    Cheng, Y.2
  • 47
    • 0026058540 scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of the replication of hepatitis B virus in vitro by 2',3'-dideoxy-3'-thiacytidine and related analogues
    • Doong S-L, Tsai C-H, Schinazi RF, Liotta DC, Cheng Y-C: Inhibition of the replication of hepatitis B virus in vitro by 2',3'-dideoxy-3'-thiacytidine and related analogues. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1991;88:8495-8499.
    • (1991) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.88 , pp. 8495-8499
    • Doong, S.-L.1    Tsai, C.-H.2    Schinazi, R.F.3    Liotta, D.C.4    Cheng, Y.-C.5
  • 48
    • 0026697262 scopus 로고
    • Deoxycytidine deaminase-resistant stereoisomer is the active form of (±) 2',3' dideoxy-3'-thiacytidine in the inhibition of hepatitis B virus replication
    • Chang C-N, Doong S-L, Zhou JH, Beach JW, Jeong LS, Chu CK, Tsai C-H, Cheng Y-C: Deoxycytidine deaminase-resistant stereoisomer is the active form of (±) 2',3' dideoxy-3'-thiacytidine in the inhibition of hepatitis B virus replication. J Biol Chem 1992;267: 13938-13942.
    • (1992) J Biol Chem , vol.267 , pp. 13938-13942
    • Chang, C.-N.1    Doong, S.-L.2    Zhou, J.H.3    Beach, J.W.4    Jeong, L.S.5    Chu, C.K.6    Tsai, C.-H.7    Cheng, Y.-C.8
  • 50
    • 0029031381 scopus 로고
    • Mechanism of inhibition of duck hepatitis B virus polymerase by (-)-b-L-2',3'-dideoxy-3'-thiacytidine
    • Severini A, Liu X-Y, Wilson J, Tyrell D: Mechanism of inhibition of duck hepatitis B virus polymerase by (-)-b-L-2',3'-dideoxy-3'-thiacytidine. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1995; 39:1430-1435.
    • (1995) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.39 , pp. 1430-1435
    • Severini, A.1    Liu, X.-Y.2    Wilson, J.3    Tyrell, D.4
  • 51
    • 0030032079 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2',3'-dideoxy-b-L-5-fluorocytidine inhibits duck hepatitis B virus reverse transcription and suppresses viral DNA synthesis in hepatocytes, both in vitro and in vivo
    • Zoulim F, Dannaoui E, Borel C, Hantz O, Lin T, Liu S, Trépo C, Cheng Y: 2',3'-dideoxy-b-L-5-fluorocytidine inhibits duck hepatitis B virus reverse transcription and suppresses viral DNA synthesis in hepatocytes, both in vitro and in vivo. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1996;40:448-453.
    • (1996) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.40 , pp. 448-453
    • Zoulim, F.1    Dannaoui, E.2    Borel, C.3    Hantz, O.4    Lin, T.5    Liu, S.6    Trépo, C.7    Cheng, Y.8
  • 52
    • 0000226527 scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial toxicity of antiviral nucleoside analogs
    • Parker W, Cheng Y: Mitochondrial toxicity of antiviral nucleoside analogs. J NIH Res 1994; 6:57-61.
    • (1994) J NIH Res , vol.6 , pp. 57-61
    • Parker, W.1    Cheng, Y.2
  • 54
    • 0030032268 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (-)-cis-5-fluoro-1-(2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-oxathiolan-5-yl)cytosine (524W91) inhibits hepatitis B virus replication in primary human hepatocytes
    • Condreay L, Condreay J, Jansen R, Paff M, Averett D: (-)-Cis-5-fluoro-1-(2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-oxathiolan-5-yl)cytosine (524W91) inhibits hepatitis B virus replication in primary human hepatocytes. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1996;40:520-523.
    • (1996) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.40 , pp. 520-523
    • Condreay, L.1    Condreay, J.2    Jansen, R.3    Paff, M.4    Averett, D.5
  • 56
    • 0028047132 scopus 로고
    • Antiviral activity of 2',3'-dideoxy-b-L-5-fluorocytidine (b-L-F-ddC) and 2',3'-dideoxy-b-L-cytidine (b-L-ddC) against hepatitis B virus and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in vitro
    • Lin T, Luo M, Liu M, Pai S, Dutschman G, Cheng Y: Antiviral activity of 2',3'-dideoxy-b-L-5-fluorocytidine (b-L-F-ddC) and 2',3'-dideoxy-b-L-cytidine (b-L-ddC) against hepatitis B virus and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in vitro. Biochem Pharmacol 1994;47: 171-174.
    • (1994) Biochem Pharmacol , vol.47 , pp. 171-174
    • Lin, T.1    Luo, M.2    Liu, M.3    Pai, S.4    Dutschman, G.5    Cheng, Y.6
  • 58
    • 0031836316 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolism of 2',3'-dideoxy-2',3'-didehydro-b-L(-)-5-fluorocytidine and its activity in combination with clinically approved anti-human immunodeficiency virus b-D(+) nucleoside analogs in vitro
    • Dutschman GE, Bridges EG, Liu S-H, Gullen E, Guo X, Kukhanova M, Cheng Y-C: Metabolism of 2',3'-dideoxy-2',3'-didehydro-b-L(-)-5-fluorocytidine and its activity in combination with clinically approved anti-human immunodeficiency virus b-D(+) nucleoside analogs in vitro. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1998; 42:1799-1804.
    • (1998) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.42 , pp. 1799-1804
    • Dutschman, G.E.1    Bridges, E.G.2    Liu, S.-H.3    Gullen, E.4    Guo, X.5    Kukhanova, M.6    Cheng, Y.-C.7
  • 59
    • 0031808360 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anti-hepatitis B virus activity and metabolism of 2',3'-dideoxy-2',3'-didehydro-b-L(-)-5-fluorocytidine
    • Zhu Y-L, Dutschman GE, Liu S-H, Bridges EG, Cheng Y-C: Anti-hepatitis B virus activity and metabolism of 2',3'-dideoxy-2',3'-didehydro-b-L(-)-5-fluorocytidine. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1998;42:1805-1810.
    • (1998) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.42 , pp. 1805-1810
    • Zhu, Y.-L.1    Dutschman, G.E.2    Liu, S.-H.3    Bridges, E.G.4    Cheng, Y.-C.5
  • 62
    • 0028861575 scopus 로고
    • Cellular and molecular events leading to mitochondrial toxicity of 1-(2-deoxy-2-fluoro-1-b-D-arabinofuranosyl)-5-iodouracil in human
    • Cui L, Yoon S, Schinazi R, Sommadossi J: Cellular and molecular events leading to mitochondrial toxicity of 1-(2-deoxy-2-fluoro-1-b-D-arabinofuranosyl)-5-iodouracil in human. J Clin Invest 1995;95:555-563.
    • (1995) J Clin Invest , vol.95 , pp. 555-563
    • Cui, L.1    Yoon, S.2    Schinazi, R.3    Sommadossi, J.4
  • 63
    • 0030045732 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of hepatitis B virus by a novel L-nucleoside, 2'-fluoro-5-methyl-b-L-arabinofuranosyl uracil
    • Pai S, Liu S, Zhu Y, Chu C, Cheng Y: Inhibition of hepatitis B virus by a novel L-nucleoside, 2'-fluoro-5-methyl-b-L-arabinofuranosyl uracil. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1996;40: 380-386.
    • (1996) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.40 , pp. 380-386
    • Pai, S.1    Liu, S.2    Zhu, Y.3    Chu, C.4    Cheng, Y.5
  • 65
    • 0029888564 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phosphorylation of the anti-hepatitis B nucleoside analog 1-(2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-1-b-D-arabinofuranosyl)-5-iodouracil (FIAU) by human cytosolic and mitochondrial thymidine kinase and implications for cytotoxicity
    • Wang J, Eriksson S: Phosphorylation of the anti-hepatitis B nucleoside analog 1-(2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-1-b-D-arabinofuranosyl)-5-iodouracil (FIAU) by human cytosolic and mitochondrial thymidine kinase and implications for cytotoxicity. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1996;40: 1555-1557.
    • (1996) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.40 , pp. 1555-1557
    • Wang, J.1    Eriksson, S.2
  • 66
    • 0029978235 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fialuridine and its metabolites inhibit DNA polymerase gamma at sites of multiple adjacent analog incorporation, decrease mtDNA abundance, and cause mitochondrial structural defects in cultured hepatoblasts
    • Lewis W, Levine E, Griniuvene B, Tankersley K, Colacino J, Sommadossi J, Watanabe K, Perrino F: Fialuridine and its metabolites inhibit DNA polymerase gamma at sites of multiple adjacent analog incorporation, decrease mtDNA abundance, and cause mitochondrial structural defects in cultured hepatoblasts. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1996;93:3592-3597.
    • (1996) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.93 , pp. 3592-3597
    • Lewis, W.1    Levine, E.2    Griniuvene, B.3    Tankersley, K.4    Colacino, J.5    Sommadossi, J.6    Watanabe, K.7    Perrino, F.8
  • 67
    • 0025139031 scopus 로고
    • Inhibitory effects of 2'-fluorinated arabinosyl-pyrimidine nucleosides on woodchuck hepatitis virus replication in chronically infected woodchucks
    • Fourel I, Hantz O, Watanabe K, Jacquet C, Chomel B, Fox J, Trépo C: Inhibitory effects of 2'-fluorinated arabinosyl-pyrimidine nucleosides on woodchuck hepatitis virus replication in chronically infected woodchucks. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1990;34:473-475.
    • (1990) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.34 , pp. 473-475
    • Fourel, I.1    Hantz, O.2    Watanabe, K.3    Jacquet, C.4    Chomel, B.5    Fox, J.6    Trépo, C.7
  • 68
    • 0026723672 scopus 로고
    • Effects of 2'-fluorinated arabinosyl-pyrimidine nucleosides on duck hepatitis B virus DNA level in serum and in liver of chronically infected ducks
    • Fourel I, Li JS, Hantz O, Jacquet C, Fox JJ, Trépo C: Effects of 2'-fluorinated arabinosyl-pyrimidine nucleosides on duck hepatitis B virus DNA level in serum and in liver of chronically infected ducks. J Med Virol 1992;37: 122-126.
    • (1992) J Med Virol , vol.37 , pp. 122-126
    • Fourel, I.1    Li, J.S.2    Hantz, O.3    Jacquet, C.4    Fox, J.J.5    Trépo, C.6
  • 70
    • 0031979178 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unique metabolism of a novel antiviral L-nucleoside analog, 2'-fluoro-5-methyl-b-L-arabmofuranosyluracil: A substrate for both thymidine kinase and deoxycytidine kinase
    • Liu S-H, Grove KL, Cheng Y-C: Unique metabolism of a novel antiviral L-nucleoside analog, 2'-fluoro-5-methyl-b-L-arabmofuranosyluracil: A substrate for both thymidine kinase and deoxycytidine kinase. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1998;42:833-839.
    • (1998) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.42 , pp. 833-839
    • Liu, S.-H.1    Grove, K.L.2    Cheng, Y.-C.3
  • 72
    • 0027941755 scopus 로고
    • Nucleoside analogs in the treatment of chronic viral hepatitis. Efficiency and complications
    • Zoulim F, Trépo C: Nucleoside analogs in the treatment of chronic viral hepatitis. Efficiency and complications. J Hepatol 1994;21:142-144.
    • (1994) J Hepatol , vol.21 , pp. 142-144
    • Zoulim, F.1    Trépo, C.2
  • 73
    • 0023633215 scopus 로고
    • Antiherpesvirus activity of 9-(4-hydroxy-3-hydroxymethylbut-1-yl)guanine (BRL 39123) in cell culture
    • Boyd M, Bacon T, Sutton D, Cole M: Antiherpesvirus activity of 9-(4-hydroxy-3-hydroxymethylbut-1-yl)guanine (BRL 39123) in cell culture. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1987; 31:1238-1242.
    • (1987) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.31 , pp. 1238-1242
    • Boyd, M.1    Bacon, T.2    Sutton, D.3    Cole, M.4
  • 74
    • 0024595771 scopus 로고
    • Mode of action of 9-(4-hydroxy-3-hydroxymethylbut-1-yl)guanine (BRL 39123) against herpes simplex virus in MRC-5 cells
    • Vere Hodge R, Perkins R: Mode of action of 9-(4-hydroxy-3-hydroxymethylbut-1-yl)guanine (BRL 39123) against herpes simplex virus in MRC-5 cells. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1989;33:223-229.
    • (1989) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.33 , pp. 223-229
    • Vere Hodge, R.1    Perkins, R.2
  • 75
    • 0026493737 scopus 로고
    • Mode of antiviral action of penciclovir in MRC-5 cells infected with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). HSV-2, and varicella-zoster virus
    • Earnshaw D, Bacon T, Darlison S, Edmonds K, Perkins R, Vere Hodge R: Mode of antiviral action of penciclovir in MRC-5 cells infected with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). HSV-2, and varicella-zoster virus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1992;36:2747-2757.
    • (1992) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.36 , pp. 2747-2757
    • Earnshaw, D.1    Bacon, T.2    Darlison, S.3    Edmonds, K.4    Perkins, R.5    Vere Hodge, R.6
  • 76
    • 0030061124 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The guanine nucleoside analog penciclovir is active against chronic duck hepatitis B virus infection in vivo
    • Lin E, Luscombe C, Wang Y, Shaw T, Locarnini S: The guanine nucleoside analog penciclovir is active against chronic duck hepatitis B virus infection in vivo. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1996;40:413-418.
    • (1996) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.40 , pp. 413-418
    • Lin, E.1    Luscombe, C.2    Wang, Y.3    Shaw, T.4    Locarnini, S.5
  • 77
    • 0028205505 scopus 로고
    • In vitro antiviral activity of penciclovir, a novel purine nucleoside, against duck hepatitis B virus
    • Shaw T, Amor P, Civitico G, Boyd M, Locarnini S: In vitro antiviral activity of penciclovir, a novel purine nucleoside, against duck hepatitis B virus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1994;38:719-723.
    • (1994) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.38 , pp. 719-723
    • Shaw, T.1    Amor, P.2    Civitico, G.3    Boyd, M.4    Locarnini, S.5
  • 78
    • 0028348905 scopus 로고
    • Oral famciclovir against duck hepatitis B virus replication in hepatic and nonhepatic tissues of ducklings infected in ovo
    • Tsiquaye K, Slomka M, Maung M: Oral famciclovir against duck hepatitis B virus replication in hepatic and nonhepatic tissues of ducklings infected in ovo. J Med Virol 1994;42:306-310.
    • (1994) J Med Virol , vol.42 , pp. 306-310
    • Tsiquaye, K.1    Slomka, M.2    Maung, M.3
  • 79
    • 0029916081 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Penciclovir is a selective inhibitor of hepatitis B virus replication in cultured human hepatoblastoma cells
    • Korba B, Boyd M: Penciclovir is a selective inhibitor of hepatitis B virus replication in cultured human hepatoblastoma cells. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1996;40:1282-1284.
    • (1996) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.40 , pp. 1282-1284
    • Korba, B.1    Boyd, M.2
  • 80
    • 0029924230 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antiviral activities and pharmacokinetics of penciclovir and famciclovir in pekin ducks chronically infected with duck hepatitis B virus
    • Tsiquaye K, Sutton D, Maung M, Boyd M: Antiviral activities and pharmacokinetics of penciclovir and famciclovir in Pekin ducks chronically infected with duck hepatitis B virus. Antiviral Chem Chemother 1996;7:153-159.
    • (1996) Antiviral Chem Chemother , vol.7 , pp. 153-159
    • Tsiquaye, K.1    Sutton, D.2    Maung, M.3    Boyd, M.4
  • 81
    • 16044369181 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of hepatitis B virus DNA polymerase by enantiomers of penciclovir triphosphate and metabolic basis for selective inhibition of HBV replication by penciclovir
    • Shaw T, Mok S, Locarnini S: Inhibition of hepatitis B virus DNA polymerase by enantiomers of penciclovir triphosphate and metabolic basis for selective inhibition of HBV replication by penciclovir. Hepatology 1996;24:96-102.
    • (1996) Hepatology , vol.24 , pp. 96-102
    • Shaw, T.1    Mok, S.2    Locarnini, S.3
  • 82
    • 1842293414 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibitory effect of penciclovir-triphosphate on duck hepatitis B virus reverse transcription
    • Dannaoui E, Trépo C, Zoulim F: Inhibitory effect of penciclovir-triphosphate on duck hepatitis B virus reverse transcription. Antivir Chem Chemother 1997;8:38-46.
    • (1997) Antivir Chem Chemother , vol.8 , pp. 38-46
    • Dannaoui, E.1    Trépo, C.2    Zoulim, F.3
  • 84
    • 0009138689 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A preliminary study of lobucavir for chronic hepatitis B
    • Bloomer J, Chan R, Sherman M, Ingraham P, De Hertog D: A preliminary study of lobucavir for chronic hepatitis B (abstract 1199). Hepatology 1997;26(No 4. Pt 2):428A.
    • (1997) Hepatology , vol.26 , Issue.4 PART 2
    • Bloomer, J.1    Chan, R.2    Sherman, M.3    Ingraham, P.4    De Hertog, D.5
  • 86
    • 0024321850 scopus 로고
    • Prolonged duck hepatitis B virus replication in duck hepatocytes cocultivated with rat epithelial cells: A useful system for antiviral testing
    • Fourel I, Gripon P, Hantz O, Cova L, Lambert V, Jacquet C, Watanabe K, Fox J, Guillouzo C, Trépo C: Prolonged duck hepatitis B virus replication in duck hepatocytes cocultivated with rat epithelial cells: A useful system for antiviral testing. Hepatology 1989;10:186-191.
    • (1989) Hepatology , vol.10 , pp. 186-191
    • Fourel, I.1    Gripon, P.2    Hantz, O.3    Cova, L.4    Lambert, V.5    Jacquet, C.6    Watanabe, K.7    Fox, J.8    Guillouzo, C.9    Trépo, C.10
  • 88
    • 0024326016 scopus 로고
    • Randomized controlled trial of adenine arabinoside 5'-monophosphate in chronic active hepatitis B: Comparison of the efficacy in heterosexual and homosexual patients
    • Marcellin P, Ouzan D, Degos F, Bréchot C, Metman E, Degott C, Chevallier M, Berthelot P, Trépo C, Benhamou J: Randomized controlled trial of adenine arabinoside 5'-monophosphate in chronic active hepatitis B: Comparison of the efficacy in heterosexual and homosexual patients. Hepatology 1989;10:328-331.
    • (1989) Hepatology , vol.10 , pp. 328-331
    • Marcellin, P.1    Ouzan, D.2    Degos, F.3    Bréchot, C.4    Metman, E.5    Degott, C.6    Chevallier, M.7    Berthelot, P.8    Trépo, C.9    Benhamou, J.10
  • 89
    • 0028897933 scopus 로고
    • Adenine arabinoside 5'-monophosphate in patients with chronic hepatitis B: Comparison of the efficacy in patients with high and low viral replication
    • Marcellin P, Pouteau M, Loriot M, Boyer N, Degos F, Cales P, Martinot-Peignoux M, Degott C, Erlinger S, Benhamou J: Adenine arabinoside 5'-monophosphate in patients with chronic hepatitis B: Comparison of the efficacy in patients with high and low viral replication. Gut 1995;36:422-426.
    • (1995) Gut , vol.36 , pp. 422-426
    • Marcellin, P.1    Pouteau, M.2    Loriot, M.3    Boyer, N.4    Degos, F.5    Cales, P.6    Martinot-Peignoux, M.7    Degott, C.8    Erlinger, S.9    Benhamou, J.10
  • 90
    • 0000076031 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lack of cross-resistance to PMEA for human hepatitis B DNA polymerases which express lamivudine resistance codons
    • Xiong X, Flores C, Gibbs C, Toole J: Lack of cross-resistance to PMEA for human hepatitis B DNA polymerases which express lamivudine resistance codons (abstract 1211). Hepatology 1997;26(No 4, Pt 2):431A.
    • (1997) Hepatology , vol.26 , Issue.4 PART 2
    • Xiong, X.1    Flores, C.2    Gibbs, C.3    Toole, J.4
  • 92
    • 0031021902 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lamivudine is effective in suppressing hepatitis B virus DNA in chinese hepatitis B surface antigen carriers: A placebo-controlled trial
    • Lai C-L, Ching C-K, Tung AK-M, Li E, Young J, Hill A, Wong BC-Y, Dent J, Wu P-C: Lamivudine is effective in suppressing hepatitis B virus DNA in Chinese hepatitis B surface antigen carriers: A placebo-controlled trial. Hepatology 1997;25:241-244.
    • (1997) Hepatology , vol.25 , pp. 241-244
    • Lai, C.-L.1    Ching, C.-K.2    Tung, A.K.-M.3    Li, E.4    Young, J.5    Hill, A.6    Wong, B.C.-Y.7    Dent, J.8    Wu, P.-C.9
  • 95
    • 0030929584 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Histological improvement in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection treated with lamivudine
    • Honkoop P, de Man RA, Zondervan PE, Schalm SW: Histological improvement in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection treated with lamivudine. Liver 1997;17: 103-106.
    • (1997) Liver , vol.17 , pp. 103-106
    • Honkoop, P.1    De Man, R.A.2    Zondervan, P.E.3    Schalm, S.W.4
  • 96
    • 0000291282 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genotypic resistance to lamivudine in a prospective, placebo-controlled multicentre study in asia of lamivudine therapy for chronic hepatitis B infection: Incidence, kinetics of emergence and correlation with disease parameters
    • Lai CL, Law YF, Leung NWY, Deslauriers M, Barnard J, Sanathanan L, Gray DF, Condreay LD: Genotypic resistance to lamivudine in a prospective, placebo-controlled multicentre study in Asia of lamivudine therapy for chronic hepatitis B infection: Incidence, kinetics of emergence and correlation with disease parameters. Hepatology 1997; 26:522A.
    • (1997) Hepatology , vol.26
    • Lai, C.L.1    Law, Y.F.2    Leung, N.W.Y.3    Deslauriers, M.4    Barnard, J.5    Sanathanan, L.6    Gray, D.F.7    Condreay, L.D.8
  • 97
    • 0010340461 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lamivudine (100 mg od) for one year significantly improves necroinflammatory activity and reduces progression in fibrosis stage: Results of a placebo controlled multicentre study in asia of lamivudine for chronic hepatitis B infection
    • Leung NWY, Lai CL, Liaw YF, Chang TT, Guan R, Tai DI, Ng KY, Wu PC, Barber J, Dent JC, Gray DF: Lamivudine (100 mg od) for one year significantly improves necroinflammatory activity and reduces progression in fibrosis stage: Results of a placebo controlled multicentre study in Asia of lamivudine for chronic hepatitis B infection. Hepatology 1997;26 (No 4, Pt 2):916A
    • (1997) Hepatology , vol.26 , Issue.4 PART 2
    • Leung, N.W.Y.1    Lai, C.L.2    Liaw, Y.F.3    Chang, T.T.4    Guan, R.5    Tai, D.I.6    Ng, K.Y.7    Wu, P.C.8    Barber, J.9    Dent, J.C.10    Gray, D.F.11
  • 104
    • 0025360675 scopus 로고
    • Active hepatitis B virus replication in the presence of anti-HBe is associated with viral variants containing an inactive pre-C region
    • Tong S, Li J, Vivitski L, Trépo C: Active hepatitis B virus replication in the presence of anti-HBe is associated with viral variants containing an inactive pre-C region. Virology 1990;176:596-603.
    • (1990) Virology , vol.176 , pp. 596-603
    • Tong, S.1    Li, J.2    Vivitski, L.3    Trépo, C.4
  • 106
    • 0030004556 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of hepatitis B virus genotypes and pre-core region variability during interferon treatment of HBe antigen negative chronic hepatitis B
    • Zhang X, Zoulim F, Habersetzer F, Xiong S, Trépo C: Analysis of hepatitis B virus genotypes and pre-core region variability during interferon treatment of HBe antigen negative chronic hepatitis B. J Med Virol 1996;48:8-16.
    • (1996) J Med Virol , vol.48 , pp. 8-16
    • Zhang, X.1    Zoulim, F.2    Habersetzer, F.3    Xiong, S.4    Trépo, C.5
  • 109
    • 0030179646 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A double-blind, placebo-controlled study to assess the effect of famciclovir on virus replication in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection
    • Main J, Brown J, Howells C, Galassini R, Crossey M, Karayiannis P, Georgiou P, Atkinson G, Thomas H: A double-blind, placebo-controlled study to assess the effect of famciclovir on virus replication in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection. J Viral Hepatitis 1996;3:211-215.
    • (1996) J Viral Hepatitis , vol.3 , pp. 211-215
    • Main, J.1    Brown, J.2    Howells, C.3    Galassini, R.4    Crossey, M.5    Karayiannis, P.6    Georgiou, P.7    Atkinson, G.8    Thomas, H.9
  • 110
    • 0000312434 scopus 로고
    • Famciclovir treatment of hepatitis B virus recurrence after orthotopic liver transplantation. A pilot study
    • Krüger M, Tillmann H, Trautwein C, Oldhafer K, Boker K, Pichlmayr R, Manns M: Famciclovir treatment of hepatitis B virus recurrence after orthotopic liver transplantation. A pilot study (abstract 449). Hepatology 1995; 22:219A.
    • (1995) Hepatology , vol.22
    • Krüger, M.1    Tillmann, H.2    Trautwein, C.3    Oldhafer, K.4    Boker, K.5    Pichlmayr, R.6    Manns, M.7
  • 111
    • 0001228985 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety and efficacy of famciclovir for the treatment of recurrent hepatitis B in liver transplant recipients
    • Neuhaus P, Manns M, Atkinson G: Safety and efficacy of famciclovir for the treatment of recurrent hepatitis B in liver transplant recipients (abstract 528). Hepatology 1997;26 (No 4, Pt 2):260A.
    • (1997) Hepatology , vol.26 , Issue.4 PART 2
    • Neuhaus, P.1    Manns, M.2    Atkinson, G.3
  • 112
    • 0028070517 scopus 로고
    • Safety of famciclovir in patients with herpes zoster and genital herpes
    • Saltzman R, Jarewicz R, Boon R: Safety of famciclovir in patients with herpes zoster and genital herpes. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1994;38:2454-2457.
    • (1994) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.38 , pp. 2454-2457
    • Saltzman, R.1    Jarewicz, R.2    Boon, R.3
  • 113
    • 0342506489 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of hepatitis B-related polyarteritis nodosa with famciclovir and interferon alfa-2b
    • Krüger M, Böker KHW, Zeidler H, Manns M: Treatment of hepatitis B-related polyarteritis nodosa with famciclovir and interferon alfa-2b. J Hepatol 1997;26:935-939.
    • (1997) J Hepatol , vol.26 , pp. 935-939
    • Krüger, M.1    Böker, K.H.W.2    Zeidler, H.3    Manns, M.4
  • 114
    • 0032008570 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of famciclovir to prevent HBV reactivation in HbsAg-positive recipients after allogeneic bone marrow transplanlation
    • Lau GKK, Liang R, Wu PC, Lee CK, Lim WL, Au WY: Use of famciclovir to prevent HBV reactivation in HbsAg-positive recipients after allogeneic bone marrow transplanlation. J Hepatol 1998;28:359-368.
    • (1998) J Hepatol , vol.28 , pp. 359-368
    • Lau, G.K.K.1    Liang, R.2    Wu, P.C.3    Lee, C.K.4    Lim, W.L.5    Au, W.Y.6
  • 116
    • 0029786431 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term ganciclovir chemotherapy for congenital duck hepatitis B virus infection in vivo: Effect of intrahepatic-viral DNA, RNA, and protein expression
    • Luscombe C, Pedersen J, Uren E, Locarnini S: Long-term ganciclovir chemotherapy for congenital duck hepatitis B virus infection in vivo: Effect of intrahepatic-viral DNA, RNA, and protein expression. Hepatology 1996;24: 766-773.
    • (1996) Hepatology , vol.24 , pp. 766-773
    • Luscombe, C.1    Pedersen, J.2    Uren, E.3    Locarnini, S.4
  • 117
    • 0031879931 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term therapy with the guanine nucleoside analog penciclovir controls chronic duck hepatitis B virus infection in vivo
    • Lin E, Luscombe C, Colledge D, Wang YY, Locarnini S: Long-term therapy with the guanine nucleoside analog penciclovir controls chronic duck hepatitis B virus infection in vivo. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1998; 42:2132-2137.
    • (1998) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.42 , pp. 2132-2137
    • Lin, E.1    Luscombe, C.2    Colledge, D.3    Wang, Y.Y.4    Locarnini, S.5
  • 122
    • 0029815110 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selection of mutations in the hepatitis B virus polymerase during therapy of transplant recipients with lamivudine
    • Ling R, Mutimer D, Ahmed M, Boxall EH, Elias E, Dusheiko GM, Harrison TJ: Selection of mutations in the hepatitis B virus polymerase during therapy of transplant recipients with lamivudine. Hepatology 1996; 24:711-713.
    • (1996) Hepatology , vol.24 , pp. 711-713
    • Ling, R.1    Mutimer, D.2    Ahmed, M.3    Boxall, E.H.4    Elias, E.5    Dusheiko, G.M.6    Harrison, T.J.7
  • 123
    • 0030786287 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drug resistance and its implications in the management of HIV infection
    • Richman DD: Drug resistance and its implications in the management of HIV infection. Antiviral Ther 1997;2 (suppl 4):41-58.
    • (1997) Antiviral Ther , vol.2 , Issue.SUPPL. 4 , pp. 41-58
    • Richman, D.D.1
  • 124
    • 0029912274 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of nucleoside analog antiviral activity and resistance during human immunodeficiency virus reverse transcription
    • Arts E, Wainberg M: Mechanisms of nucleoside analog antiviral activity and resistance during human immunodeficiency virus reverse transcription. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1996;40:527-540.
    • (1996) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.40 , pp. 527-540
    • Arts, E.1    Wainberg, M.2
  • 125
    • 0029799423 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Generation of duck hepal itis B virus polymerase mutants through site-directed mutagenesis which demonstrate resistance to lamivudine((-)-b-L-2',3'-dideoxy-3'-thiacytidine) in vitro
    • Fischer KP, Tyrell DLJ: Generation of duck hepal itis B virus polymerase mutants through site-directed mutagenesis which demonstrate resistance to lamivudine((-)-b-L-2',3'-dideoxy-3'-thiacytidine) in vitro. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1996;40:1957-1960.
    • (1996) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.40 , pp. 1957-1960
    • Fischer, Kp.1    Tyrell, D.L.J.2
  • 126
    • 0000987382 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The emergence of famciclovir resistant mutations in the hepatitis B virus polymerase during therapy following liver transplantation
    • Locarnini SA, Aye TT, Shaw T, De Man R, Angus PW, Mc Caughan GW, Bartholomeusz A: The emergence of famciclovir resistant mutations in the hepatitis B virus polymerase during therapy following liver transplantation. Hepatology 1997;26:958A.
    • (1997) Hepatology , vol.26
    • Locarnini, S.A.1    Aye, T.T.2    Shaw, T.3    De Man, R.4    Angus, P.W.5    Mc Caughan, G.W.6    Bartholomeusz, A.7
  • 127
    • 0000209665 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Management and outcome of lamivudine resistant hepatitis B virus infection after liver transplantation
    • Shields PL, Ling R, Harrison T, Boxall E, Elias E, Mutimer DJ: Management and outcome of lamivudine resistant hepatitis B virus infection after liver transplantation (abstract 527). Hepatology 1997;26(No 4, Pt 2): 260A.
    • (1997) Hepatology , vol.26 , Issue.4 PART 2
    • Shields, P.L.1    Ling, R.2    Harrison, T.3    Boxall, E.4    Elias, E.5    Mutimer, D.J.6
  • 130
    • 0030882376 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutations in the hepatitis B virus polymerase gene that are associated with resistance to famciclovir and lamivudine
    • Bartholomeusz A, Locarnini S: Mutations in the hepatitis B virus polymerase gene that are associated with resistance to famciclovir and lamivudine. Int Antiviral News 1997;5:123-124.
    • (1997) Int Antiviral News , vol.5 , pp. 123-124
    • Bartholomeusz, A.1    Locarnini, S.2
  • 131
    • 2642679257 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical experience with famciclovir against hepatitis B virus and development of resistance
    • Bartholomeusz A, Groenen LC, Locarnini SA: Clinical experience with famciclovir against hepatitis B virus and development of resistance. Intervirology 1997;40:337-342.
    • (1997) Intervirology , vol.40 , pp. 337-342
    • Bartholomeusz, A.1    Groenen, L.C.2    Locarnini, S.A.3
  • 133
    • 0344883235 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hepatitis B virus genome variability during famciclovir therapy
    • Zoulim F, Pichoud C, Wang Z, Aguesse-Germon S, Trépo C: Hepatitis B virus genome variability during famciclovir therapy (abstract 1200). Hepatology 1997;26(No 4, Pt 2): 428A.
    • (1997) Hepatology , vol.26 , Issue.4 PART 2
    • Zoulim, F.1    Pichoud, C.2    Wang, Z.3    Aguesse-Germon, S.4    Trépo, C.5
  • 134
    • 0028301224 scopus 로고
    • Complete genomes, phylogenetic relatedness, and structural proteins of six strains of the hepatitis B virus, four of which represent two new genotypes
    • Norder H, Couroucé A-M, Magnius L: Complete genomes, phylogenetic relatedness, and structural proteins of six strains of the hepatitis B virus, four of which represent two new genotypes. Virology 1994;198:489-503.
    • (1994) Virology , vol.198 , pp. 489-503
    • Norder, H.1    Couroucé, A.-M.2    Magnius, L.3
  • 135
    • 0030625754 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The clinical significance of surface antigen variants of hepatitis B virus
    • Carman W: The clinical significance of surface antigen variants of hepatitis B virus. J Viral Hepatitis 1997;4:11-20.
    • (1997) J Viral Hepatitis , vol.4 , pp. 11-20
    • Carman, W.1
  • 136
    • 0025006614 scopus 로고
    • Origin and evolution of retroelements based upon their reverse transcriptase sequence
    • Xiong Y, Eickbush T: Origin and evolution of retroelements based upon their reverse transcriptase sequence. EMBO J 1990;9:3353-3362.
    • (1990) EMBO J , vol.9 , pp. 3353-3362
    • Xiong, Y.1    Eickbush, T.2
  • 137
    • 0020557417 scopus 로고
    • Sequence homology between retroviral reverse transcriptase and putative polymerases of hepatitis B virus and cauliflower mosaic virus
    • Toh H, Hayashida H, Miyata T: Sequence homology between retroviral reverse transcriptase and putative polymerases of hepatitis B virus and cauliflower mosaic virus. Nature 1983;305:827-829.
    • (1983) Nature , vol.305 , pp. 827-829
    • Toh, H.1    Hayashida, H.2    Miyata, T.3
  • 138
    • 0026693137 scopus 로고
    • Crystal structure at 3.5 å resolution of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase complexed with an inhibitor
    • Kohlstaedt LA, Wang J, Friedman JM, Rice PA, Steitz TA: Crystal structure at 3.5 Å resolution of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase complexed with an inhibitor. Science 1992;256: 1783-1790.
    • (1992) Science , vol.256 , pp. 1783-1790
    • Kohlstaedt, L.A.1    Wang, J.2    Friedman, J.M.3    Rice, P.A.4    Steitz, T.A.5
  • 139
    • 0025061039 scopus 로고
    • Mutational analysis of the hepatitis B virus P gene product: Domain structure and RNAseH activity
    • Radziwill G, Tucker W, Schauer H: Mutational analysis of the hepatitis B virus P gene product: Domain structure and RNAseH activity. J Virol 1990;64:613-620.
    • (1990) J Virol , vol.64 , pp. 613-620
    • Radziwill, G.1    Tucker, W.2    Schauer, H.3
  • 140
    • 0026493753 scopus 로고
    • The reverse transcriptase of hepatitis B virus acts a protein primer for viral DNA synthesis
    • Wang GH, Seeger C: The reverse transcriptase of hepatitis B virus acts a protein primer for viral DNA synthesis. Cell 1992;71:633-670.
    • (1992) Cell , vol.71 , pp. 633-670
    • Wang, G.H.1    Seeger, C.2
  • 141
    • 0025076858 scopus 로고
    • Effects of insertional and point mutations on the functions of the duck hepatitis B virus polymerase
    • Chang L-J, Hirsch RC, Ganem D, Varmus HE: Effects of insertional and point mutations on the functions of the duck hepatitis B virus polymerase. J Virol 1990;64:5553-5558.
    • (1990) J Virol , vol.64 , pp. 5553-5558
    • Chang, L.-J.1    Hirsch, R.C.2    Ganem, D.3    Varmus, H.E.4
  • 143
    • 0027285372 scopus 로고
    • Rapid in vitro selection of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 resistant to 3'-thiacytidine inhibitors due to a mutation in the YMDD region of reverse transcriptase
    • Tisdale M, Kemp SD, Parry NR, Larder BA: Rapid in vitro selection of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 resistant to 3'-thiacytidine inhibitors due to a mutation in the YMDD region of reverse transcriptase. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1993;90:5653-5656.
    • (1993) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.90 , pp. 5653-5656
    • Tisdale, M.1    Kemp, S.D.2    Parry, N.R.3    Larder, B.A.4
  • 147
    • 0031938029 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hepatitis B virus mutants associated with 3TC and famciclovir administration are replication defective
    • Melegari M, Scaglioni PP, Wands JR: Hepatitis B virus mutants associated with 3TC and famciclovir administration are replication defective. Hepatology 1998;27:628-633.
    • (1998) Hepatology , vol.27 , pp. 628-633
    • Melegari, M.1    Scaglioni, P.P.2    Wands, J.R.3
  • 148
    • 0030691001 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Limiting deoxynucleoside triphosphate concentrations emphasize the processivity defect of lamivudine-resistant variants of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase
    • Back NKT, Berkhout B: Limiting deoxynucleoside triphosphate concentrations emphasize the processivity defect of lamivudine-resistant variants of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1997;41:2484-2491.
    • (1997) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.41 , pp. 2484-2491
    • Back, N.K.T.1    Berkhout, B.2
  • 152
    • 0032525030 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of additional mutations outside the YMDD motif of hepatitis B virus polymerase in L(-)SddC (3TC) resistance
    • Fu L, Cheng Y-C: Role of additional mutations outside the YMDD motif of hepatitis B virus polymerase in L(-)SddC (3TC) resistance. Biochem Pharmacol 1998;55:1567-1572.
    • (1998) Biochem Pharmacol , vol.55 , pp. 1567-1572
    • Fu, L.1    Cheng, Y.-C.2
  • 153
    • 0345034557 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Non response to famciclovir therapy in immune competent patients with chronic hepatitis B is associated with complex variability of the polymerase gene
    • Seignères B, Pichoud C, Si Ahmed S, Hantz O, Trépo C, Zoulim F: Non response to famciclovir therapy in immune competent patients with chronic hepatitis B is associated with complex variability of the polymerase gene (abstract). Hepatology 1998;28:586A.
    • (1998) Hepatology , vol.28
    • Seignères, B.1    Pichoud, C.2    Si Ahmed, S.3    Hantz, O.4    Trépo, C.5    Zoulim, F.6
  • 154
    • 0030767946 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improving hepatitis B virus therapy - New inhibitors of reverse transcriptase
    • Zoulim F: Improving hepatitis B virus therapy - New inhibitors of reverse transcriptase. Int Antiviral News 1997;5:110-112.
    • (1997) Int Antiviral News , vol.5 , pp. 110-112
    • Zoulim, F.1
  • 156
    • 0030926706 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synergistic inhibition of hepadnaviral replication by lamivudine in combination with penciclovir in vitro
    • Colledge D, Locarnini S, Shaw T: Synergistic inhibition of hepadnaviral replication by lamivudine in combination with penciclovir in vitro. Hepatology 1997;26:216-225.
    • (1997) Hepatology , vol.26 , pp. 216-225
    • Colledge, D.1    Locarnini, S.2    Shaw, T.3
  • 158
    • 0029957570 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of complete inhibition of viral replication on the cellular immune response in chronic hepatitis B virus infection
    • Marinos G, Naoumov N, Williams R: Impact of complete inhibition of viral replication on the cellular immune response in chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Hepatology 1996;24: 991-995.
    • (1996) Hepatology , vol.24 , pp. 991-995
    • Marinos, G.1    Naoumov, N.2    Williams, R.3
  • 161
    • 0031753523 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combination therapy with famciclovir and interferon alpha for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B
    • Marques A, Lau D, McKenzie R, Strauss S, Hoofnagle J: Combination therapy with famciclovir and interferon alpha for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B. J Infect Dis 1998; 178:1483-1487.
    • (1998) J Infect Dis , vol.178 , pp. 1483-1487
    • Marques, A.1    Lau, D.2    McKenzie, R.3    Strauss, S.4    Hoofnagle, J.5
  • 162
    • 0030915527 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DNA vaccines and viral hepatitis: Are we going around in circles
    • Koziel MG, Liang TJ: DNA vaccines and viral hepatitis: Are we going around in circles. Gastroenterology 1997;112:1410-1414.
    • (1997) Gastroenterology , vol.112 , pp. 1410-1414
    • Koziel, M.G.1    Liang, T.J.2
  • 163
    • 0027446378 scopus 로고
    • Induction of anti-hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) antibodies in HBsAg producing transgenic mice: A possible way of circumventing 'nonresponse to HBsAg'
    • Mancini M, Hadchouel M, Tiollais P, Pourcel C, Michel M: Induction of anti-hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) antibodies in HBsAg producing transgenic mice: A possible way of circumventing 'nonresponse to HBsAg'. J Med Virol 1992;39:67-74.
    • (1992) J Med Virol , vol.39 , pp. 67-74
    • Mancini, M.1    Hadchouel, M.2    Tiollais, P.3    Pourcel, C.4    Michel, M.5
  • 166
    • 0027528518 scopus 로고
    • In vivo inhibition of duck hepatitis B virus replication and gene expression by phosphorothioate modified antisense oligodeoxynucleotides
    • Offensperger W, Offensperger S, Walter E, Teubner K, Igloi G, Blum H, Gerok W: In vivo inhibition of duck hepatitis B virus replication and gene expression by phosphorothioate modified antisense oligodeoxynucleotides. EMBO J 1993;12:1257-1262.
    • (1993) EMBO J , vol.12 , pp. 1257-1262
    • Offensperger, W.1    Offensperger, S.2    Walter, E.3    Teubner, K.4    Igloi, G.5    Blum, H.6    Gerok, W.7
  • 167
    • 0029953004 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of dominant negative mutants of the hepadnaviral core protein as antiviral agents
    • Scaglioni P, Melegari M, Takahashi M, Roy Chowdhury J, Wands J: Use of dominant negative mutants of the hepadnaviral core protein as antiviral agents. Hepatology 1996;24: 1010-1017.
    • (1996) Hepatology , vol.24 , pp. 1010-1017
    • Scaglioni, P.1    Melegari, M.2    Takahashi, M.3    Roy Chowdhury, J.4    Wands, J.5
  • 168
    • 0027053871 scopus 로고
    • Cleavage of hepatitis B virus RNA by three ribozymes transcribed from single DNA template
    • von Weizsäcker F, Blum H, Wands F: Cleavage of hepatitis B virus RNA by three ribozymes transcribed from single DNA template. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1992; 189:743-748.
    • (1992) Biochem Biophys Res Commun , vol.189 , pp. 743-748
    • Von Weizsäcker, F.1    Blum, H.2    Wands, F.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.