Aid's crisis of legitimacy: Current proposals and future prospects

African Affairs

Volumn 98, Issue 392, 1999, Pages 337-352

  Van De Walle, Nicolas ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AID FLOW; AID POLICY; INTERNATIONAL AID;

AFRICA;

EID: 0032882315     PISSN: 00019909     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a008043     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. Unless otherwise indicated, the aid data reported in this article come from the Development Assistance Committee (DAC) of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), as presented in its annual report on the aid efforts of its member states.
2. C. Foy and H. Helmich, Public Support for International Development (OECD, Paris, 1996). See also Judith Randel and Tony German (eds), The Reality of Aid, 1996 (Earthscan Publications, London, 1996), pp. 217-18.
3. C. Foy and H. Helmich, Public Support for International Development (OECD, Paris, 1996). See also Judith Randel and Tony German (eds), The Reality of Aid, 1996 (Earthscan Publications, London, 1996), pp. 217-18.
4. The most famous of these studies was probably the so-called Cassen Report, following the name of its lead author. See Robert Cassen et al., Does Aid Work? Report to an intergovernmental task force (Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1986). See also Roger Riddell, Foreign Aid Reconsidered (ODI and James Currey, London, 1987).
5. The most famous of these studies was probably the so-called Cassen Report, following the name of its lead author. See Robert Cassen et al., Does Aid Work? Report to an intergovernmental task force (Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1986). See also Roger Riddell, Foreign Aid Reconsidered (ODI and James Currey, London, 1987).
6. This was notably the position of the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa, when it was headed by Adebayo Adedeji. See his essay, 'An alternative for Africa', Journal of Democracy 5, 4 (1994). The ECA's position is more nuanced now, but still calls for sustained growth of aid resources. See Economic Commission for Africa, Towards the 21st Century: An African agenda for development under TICADII (UNECA, Addis Ababa, 1997).
7. This was notably the position of the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa, when it was headed by Adebayo Adedeji. See his essay, 'An alternative for Africa', Journal of Democracy 5, 4 (1994). The ECA's position is more nuanced now, but still calls for sustained growth of aid resources. See Economic Commission for Africa, Towards the 21st Century: An African agenda for development under TICADII (UNECA, Addis Ababa, 1997).
8. Stephen A. O'Connell and Charles C. Soludo, 'Aid Intensity in Africa', unpub. paper presented to the AERC/ODC conference on 'Managing the Transition from Aid Dependence in Sub-Saharan Africa', Nairobi, 21-2 May, 1998.
9. Elliot Berg, 'Dilemmas in donor aid strategies', in Catherine Gwin and Joan Nelson (eds), Perspectives on Aid and Development (Overseas Development Council, Washington, DC, 1997), pp. 79-94. It should be noted that in his 1981 report for the World Bank, Berg had called for a doubling of resources to Africa. See the World Bank, Accelerated Development in Sub Saharan Africa (The World Bank, Washington, DC, 1981).
10. Elliot Berg, 'Dilemmas in donor aid strategies', in Catherine Gwin and Joan Nelson (eds), Perspectives on Aid and Development (Overseas Development Council, Washington, DC, 1997), pp. 79-94. It should be noted that in his 1981 report for the World Bank, Berg had called for a doubling of resources to Africa. See the World Bank, Accelerated Development in Sub Saharan Africa (The World Bank, Washington, DC, 1981).
11. Much of this material has been assembled in a collection edited by the GEMDEV, La Convention de Lomé en Question (Karthala, Paris, 1997).
12. The World Bank, Assessing Aid: What works, what doesn't and why (Oxford University Press for the World Bank, New York, 1998).
13. The results of this project are summarized in Jerker Carlsson, Gloria Somolekae and Nicolas van de Walle, Foreign Aid in Africa: Learning from country experiences (Nordic Africa Institute, Uppsala, 1997) and Nicolas van de Walle and Timothy Johnston, Improving Aid to Africa (Johns Hopkins University Press for the Overseas Development Council, Baltimore, 1996).
14. The results of this project are summarized in Jerker Carlsson, Gloria Somolekae and Nicolas van de Walle, Foreign Aid in Africa: Learning from country experiences (Nordic Africa Institute, Uppsala, 1997) and Nicolas van de Walle and Timothy Johnston, Improving Aid to Africa (Johns Hopkins University Press for the Overseas Development Council, Baltimore, 1996).
15. Project 2015. Aid Dependency: Causes, symptoms and remedies (SIDA, Stockholm, 1996).
16. Among a large literature, see Olaf Stokke (ed.), Foreign Aid: Towards the year 2000: Experiences and challenges (Frank Cass, London, 1996); Gwin and Nelson, Perspectives on Aid and Development; Paul Mosley 'The failure of aid', Journal of African Economies 5, 3 (1996) pp. 406-43; Tony Killick, Aid and the Political Economy of Policy Change (Routledge, London, 1998), and Carol Lancaster, Aid to Africa: So much to do, so little done (Chicago University Press, Chicago, 1999).
17. Among a large literature, see Olaf Stokke (ed.), Foreign Aid: Towards the year 2000: Experiences and challenges (Frank Cass, London, 1996); Gwin and Nelson, Perspectives on Aid and Development; Paul Mosley 'The failure of aid', Journal of African Economies 5, 3 (1996) pp. 406-43; Tony Killick, Aid and the Political Economy of Policy Change (Routledge, London, 1998), and Carol Lancaster, Aid to Africa: So much to do, so little done (Chicago University Press, Chicago, 1999).
18. Among a large literature, see Olaf Stokke (ed.), Foreign Aid: Towards the year 2000: Experiences and challenges (Frank Cass, London, 1996); Gwin and Nelson, Perspectives on Aid and Development; Paul Mosley 'The failure of aid', Journal of African Economies 5, 3 (1996) pp. 406-43; Tony Killick, Aid and the Political Economy of Policy Change (Routledge, London, 1998), and Carol Lancaster, Aid to Africa: So much to do, so little done (Chicago University Press, Chicago, 1999).
19. Among a large literature, see Olaf Stokke (ed.), Foreign Aid: Towards the year 2000: Experiences and challenges (Frank Cass, London, 1996); Gwin and Nelson, Perspectives on Aid and Development; Paul Mosley 'The failure of aid', Journal of African Economies 5, 3 (1996) pp. 406-43; Tony Killick, Aid and the Political Economy of Policy Change (Routledge, London, 1998), and Carol Lancaster, Aid to Africa: So much to do, so little done (Chicago University Press, Chicago, 1999).
20. Among a large literature, see Olaf Stokke (ed.), Foreign Aid: Towards the year 2000: Experiences and challenges (Frank Cass, London, 1996); Gwin and Nelson, Perspectives on Aid and Development; Paul Mosley 'The failure of aid', Journal of African Economies 5, 3 (1996) pp. 406-43; Tony Killick, Aid and the Political Economy of Policy Change (Routledge, London, 1998), and Carol Lancaster, Aid to Africa: So much to do, so little done (Chicago University Press, Chicago, 1999).
21. This is particularly true for the World Bank's Assessing Aid volume: the sanitized final version of the report is considerably more upbeat than the first draft that was circulated in the Bank under the apparently unacceptable title 'Rethinking Aid', and more circumspect in its judgments than the analytical work on which it is based.
22. Paul Collier, 'The failure of conditionality', in Gwin and Nelson, Perspectives on Aid and Development, pp. 51-78. See also the excellent treatment of these issues in Killick, Aid and the Political Economy.
23. Paul Collier, 'The failure of conditionality', in Gwin and Nelson, Perspectives on Aid and Development, pp. 51-78. See also the excellent treatment of these issues in Killick, Aid and the Political Economy.
24. See 'The details left out of the deal', Africa Confidential 37, 21, 18 October 1996.
25. This is described in 'Best friends, friends and foes', in Africa Confidential 38, 25 December 1997. In the end, admittedly, the donors have provided little support to Kabila.
26. For instance, see the severe judgment of Howard White, 'How much aid is used for poverty reduction?', IDS Bulletin 27, 1 (1996).
27. A nuanced presentation of this initiative is provided in The American Assembly, The United States of Africa: A post Cold War perspective (W. W. Norton for the American Assembly, NewYork, 1998).
28. See David Hulme and Michael Edwards (eds), NGOs, States and Donors: Too close for comfort? (St Martin's Press, New York, 1997), and Roger C. Riddell and Mark Robinson, Non-Governmental Organizations and Rural Poverty Alleviation (Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1995).
29. See David Hulme and Michael Edwards (eds), NGOs, States and Donors: Too close for comfort? (St Martin's Press, New York, 1997), and Roger C. Riddell and Mark Robinson, Non-Governmental Organizations and Rural Poverty Alleviation (Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1995).
30. Jean Bossuyt, 'Decentralized Cooperation: Lessons from EU experiences under the Lome Convention' (EDCPM, Maastricht, 1995).
31. Riddell and Robinson, Non-Governmental Organizations.
32. This is a major theme of van de Walle and Johnston, Improving Aid to Africa.
33. Van de Walle and Johnston, Improving Aid to Africa.
34. Judith Tendler, Good Government in the Tropics (Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, MD, 1997).
35. Cited from Dieter Frisch, 'La dimension politique dans les rapports avec les partenaires de Lomé', in GEMDEV, La Convention de Lomé en Question (Karthala, Paris, 1997), p. 64.
36. Early efforts are described in Stephen Denning, 'Programme Aid Beyond Structural Adjustment', unpub. paper delivered to a Workshop on New Forms of Programme Aid, Harare, Zimbabwe (31 January-1 February 1994). See also the more recent analysis in Stephen P. Jones, Sector Investment Programs in Africa: Issues and experience. World Bank Technical Paper No. 374 (The World Bank, Washington, DC, 1997).
37. Early efforts are described in Stephen Denning, 'Programme Aid Beyond Structural Adjustment', unpub. paper delivered to a Workshop on New Forms of Programme Aid, Harare, Zimbabwe (31 January-1 February 1994). See also the more recent analysis in Stephen P. Jones, Sector Investment Programs in Africa: Issues and experience. World Bank Technical Paper No. 374 (The World Bank, Washington, DC, 1997).
38. Jones, Sector Investment Programs in Africa.
39. On Botswana, see Hildegunn Kyvik Nordas, Gilbert Sekgoma and Gloria Somolekae, Managing Good Fortune: Macroeconomic management and the role of aid in Botswana. Evaluation Report 6.98, prepared for the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs (The Chr. Michelsen Institute, Bergen, 1998).
40. See Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Review of the International Aid System in Mali: Synthesis and analysis (OECD, Paris, 1998).