Adolescent defense style and life stressors

Child Psychiatry and Human Development

Volumn 30, Issue 1, 1999, Pages 19-28

  Araujo, Katy ^a   Ryst, Erika ^a   Steinier, Hans ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

Adolescents; Defenses; Females; Stressful Life Events

Indexed keywords

ADAPTATION; ADOLESCENT; ANXIETY; ARTICLE; CLUSTER ANALYSIS; DEFENSE MECHANISM; DISTRESS SYNDROME; EGO; FEMALE; HUMAN; LIFE EVENT; LIFESTYLE; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MENTAL STRESS; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; RISK ASSESSMENT; TEMPERAMENT;

EID: 0032871298     PISSN: 0009398X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1023/A:1022666908235     Document Type: Article

References (27)

1. Vaillant GE: Ego Mechanisms of Defense, a Guide for Clinicians and Researchers. Washington DC: American Psychiatric Press, 1992.
2. Sjöbäck H: The Psychoanalytic Theory of Defensive Processes. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1973.
3. Freud A: the Ego and the Mechanisms of Defense, Vol 2. Madison Connecticut: International Universities Press, 1966.
4. Bond M, Gardner ST, Christian J, Sigal C: Empirical study of self-rated defense styles. Arch Gen Psychiat. 40:333-338, 1983.
5. Vaillant GE: Adaptation to Life. Canada: Little, Brown & Company, 1977.
6. Cramer P: The Development of Defense Mechanisms: Theory, Research, and Assessment. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1991.
7. Feldman SS, Araujo KB, Steiner H: Defense mechanisms in adolescents as a func-tion of age, sex, and mental health status. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 34:1344-1354, 1996.
8. Fraiberg S: Pathological defenses in infancy. Psychoanal Q: 612-635, 1982.
9. Cloninger R, Svrakic DM, Prysbeck TR: Psychobiological model of temperament and character. Arch Gen Psychiat 50:975-990, 1993.
10. Shaw R, Ryst E, Steiner H: Temperament as a correlate of adolescent defense mechanisms. Child Psychiat Hum Dev 27:105-114, 1996.
11. Swanson GE: Determinants of the individual's defenses against inner conflict: Review and reformulation. In Parental Attitudes and Child Behavior, pp. 5-41 ed. Glidewell JC. Springfield Ill: Charles C Thomas, 1961.
12. Steiner H: Repressive adaptation and family environment. Acta Paedopsychiatrica 55:121-125, 1992.
13. Weinstock A: Family environment and the development of defense and coping mechanisms. J Pers Soc Psychol 5:67-75, 1967.
14. Thienemann M, Steiner H: Family environment of eating disordered and depressed adolescents. Int J Eating Disord 14:43-48, 1993.
15. Steiner H: Defense Styles in Eating Disorders. Int J Eat Disord, 9:141-151, 1990.
16. Jacobson AM, Beardslee W, Hauser ST, et al.: Evaluating adolescent ego defense mechanisms using clinical interviews: an empirical study of adolescent diabetic and psychiatric patients. J Adolesc 9:303-319, 1986.
17. McCubbin H, Patterson J: Stress: Family inventory of life events and changes. In E Filsinger (ed), A Sourcebook of Marriage and Family Assessment. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage, 1983.
18. American Psychiatric Association, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 3rd Edition, revised (DSM III-R). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association, 1987.
19. Freud S: Inhibitions, Symptoms and Anxiety. London: Hogarth Press, 1959.
20. Vaillant GE, Bond M, Vaillant C: An empirically validated hierarchy of defense mechanisms. Archives of General Psychiatry 43:786-794, 1986.
21. Perry JC, Cooper, SH: A preliminary report on defenses and conflicts associated with borderline personality disorder. J Am Psychoanal Assoc 34:863-893, 1987.
22. Cooper SH, Perry CJ, Arnow D: An empirical approach to the study of defense mechanisms: I. Reliability and preliminary validity of the Rorschach defense scales. J Pers Assessment, 52:187-203, 1988.
23. Andrews, G., MD, Pollock, C, & Stewart, G. The determination of defense style by questionnaire. Arch Gen Psychiat, 46:455-460, 1989.
24. Bond M, Sagala Vaillant J: An empirical study of the relationship between diagnosis and defense style. Arch Gen Psychiat 42:285-288, 1986.
25. Karasu T, Skodol A: Sixth axis for DSM-III psychodynamic evaluation. Am J Psychiat 137: 607-610, 1980.
26. Feldman SS, Fisher L, Ransom DC: Is "What is good for the goose good for the gander"? Sex differences in relationships between adolescent coping and adult adaptation. J Res Adolesc 5:333-359.
27. Erikson SJ, Feldman SS, Steiner H: Defense mechanisms and adjustment in normal adolescents. Am J Psychiat 153:826-828, 1996.