Aesthetic uses of botulinum toxin A

Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

Volumn 57, Issue 10, 1999, Pages 1228-1233

  Niamtu III, Joseph ^a,b  

^a Private Practice   (United States)

^b NONE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALPHA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR STIMULATING AGENT; BOTULINUM TOXIN A;

ARTICLE; DENERVATION; DRUG USE; ESTHETIC SURGERY; HUMAN; INJECTION SITE; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MASSETER MUSCLE; MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY; MUSCLE HYPERTROPHY; OPHTHALMOPLEGIA; ORAL SURGERY; PTOSIS;

EID: 0032869952     PISSN: 02782391     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0278-2391(99)90493-7     Document Type: Article

References (7)

1. Carruthers A, Kiene K, Carruthers J: Botulinum A exotoxin use in clinical dermatology. J Am Acad Dermatol 34:788, 1996
2. Blitzer A, Brin MF, Keens MS, et al: Botulinum toxin for the treatment of hyperfunctional lines of the face. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 119:1018, 1993
3. Duchen LW: An electron microscope study of the changes induced by botulinum toxin in the motor end plates of slow and fast skeletal muscle fibers of the mouse. J Neurol Sci 14:47, 1971
4. Scott AB, Rosenbaum A, Collins CC: Pharmacologie weakening of extraoccular muscles. Invest Ophthalmol 12:924, 1973
5. Carruthers J, Carruthers A: Treatment of glabellar frown lines with C. botulinum-A exotoxin. J Dermatol Surg Oncol 18:17, 1992
6. Scott AB, Suzuki D: Systemic toxicity of botulinum toxin by intramuscular injection in the monkey. Mov Disord 3:333, 1988
7. Ellis AF, Tan AK: Cosmetic upper-facial rejuvenation with botulinum. J Otolaryngol 26:92, 1997