Examining the use of aerobic spore-forming bacteria to assess the efficiency of chlorination

Water Research

Volumn 33, Issue 13, 1999, Pages 2941-2948

  Barbeau, Benoit ^a   Boulos, Lina ^a   Desjardins, Raymond ^a   Coallier, Josée ^a   Prévost, Michèle ^a  

^a ÉCOLE POLYTECHNIQUE DE MONTRÉAL   (Canada)

Author keywords

Aerobic spore formers; B. subtilis; Chlorination; Disinfection; Endospores; Giardia; Surrogate

Indexed keywords

BACTERIA; CHEMICAL RESISTANCE; CHLORINATION; DISINFECTION; MATHEMATICAL MODELS; TEMPERATURE;

AEROBIC SPORE FORMING BACTERIA; B SUBTILIS; CHICK-WATSON AND HOM MODELS; ENDOSPORES; GIARDIA; SURROGATE;

BIOLOGICAL WATER TREATMENT;

AEROBIC BACTERIUM; ARTICLE; BACILLUS SUBTILIS; BACTERIAL SPORE; CHLORINATION; DISINFECTION; GIARDIA; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; TECHNIQUE; WATER CONTAMINATION;

GIARDIA;

EID: 0032868905     PISSN: 00431354     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0043-1354(99)00009-3     Document Type: Article

References (31)

1. AFNOR (French Association of Normalization) (1987). Essais des eaux: dosage du chlore libre et du chlore total par une méthode colorimétrique à la N,N-diéthylphénylène-1,4 diamine. Norme Française, NTF 90-038.
2. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. (17th ed.). 1989;American Water Works Association and Water Pollution Control Federation, Washington, D.C.
3. Barbeau B., Boulos L., Desjardins R., Coallier J., Prévost M., Duchesne D. A modified method for the enumeration of aerobic spore-forming bacteria. Can. J. Microbiol. 43:1997;976-980.
4. Brazis A.R., Leslie J.E., Kabler P.W., Woodward R.L. The inactivation of spores of Bacillus globigii and Bacillus anthracis by free available chlorine. J. Appl. Microbiol. 6:1958;338-342.
5. Broadwater W.T., Hoehn R.C., King P.H. Sensitivity of three selected bacterial species to ozone. J. Appl. Microbiol. 26:1973;391-393.
6. Carlson S. Fundamentals of water disinfection. J. Water SRT Aqua. 40:1991;346-357.
7. Cerf O. Tailing of survival curves of bacterial spores. J. Appl. Bact. 42:1977;1-19.
8. Chauret C., Armstrong N., Fisher N., Sharma J., Springthorpe R., Sattar S. Correlating Cryptosporidium and Giardia with microbial indicators. J. Am. Wks. Assoc. 87:1995;76-84.
9. Clancy J.L., Hollnitz W.D., Tabib Z. Commercial labs: how accurate are they? J. Am. Wks. Assoc. 86:1994;89-94.
10. Collins C.H. Microbiological Methods. 2nd ed. 1967;Butterworth Co. Ltd.
11. Haas C.N., Joffe J. Disinfection under dynamic conditions: modification to Hom's model for decay. Environ. Sci. Tech. 28:1994;1367-1369.
12. Haas, C. N., Joffe, J., Anmangandla, U. and Hoernberger, J. C. (1995) Development and validation of rational design methods of disinfection. American Water Works Research Foundation, Denver (report #90666).
13. Haas C.N., Joffe J., Anmangandla U., Jacangelo J.G., Heath M. Water quality and disinfection kinetics. J. Am. Wks. Assoc. 88:1996;95-100.
14. Hall E.S. Quantitative estimation of disinfection interferences. Water Treat. Exam. 22:1973;153-161.
15. Hom L.W. Kinetics of chlorine disinfection of an ecosystem. Journ. San. Eng. Div., Am. Soc. Civil Eng. 98:1972;183-194.
16. Kawamura K., Kaneko M., Hirat T., Taguchi K. Microbial indicators for the efficiency of disinfection processes. Water Sci. Tech. 18:1986;175-183.
17. Lechevallier M.W. Effect of turbidity on chlorination efficiency and bacterial persistence in drinking water. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 42:1981;59-65.
18. Lechevallier M.W., Norton W.D. Examining relationships between particle counts and Giardia, Cryptosporidium and turbidity. J. Am. Wks. Assoc. 84:1992;54-61.
19. Lee R.E., Gilbert C.A. Application of the mass law to the process of disinfection, being a contribution to the 'mechanistic theory' as opposed to the 'vitalistic theory'. J. Phys. Chem. 22:1918;348-372.
20. Levine M. Spores as reagents for studies on chemical disinfection. Bact. Rev. 16:1952;117-125.
21. McGrath T.S., Johnson J.D. Microbiological dose as a measure of disinfection. Water Chlorination: Environnemental Impact and Health Effects. Vol. 3:1979;687-695.
22. Pirnie M. Guidance Manual for Compliance with the Filtration and Disinfection Requirements for Public Water using Surface Water Sources. 1991;American Water Works Association, Denver, CO.
23. Pontius C.W. An update of the federal regulations. J. Am. Wks. Assoc. 88:1996;36-37.
24. Popham D.L., Sengupta S., Setflow P. Heat, hydrogen and UV resistance of Bacillus subtilis spores with increased core water content and with or without major DNA-binding proteins. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 61:1995;3633-3638.
25. Rasmussen V., Nissen B., Lund E., Strand R.L. A comparison of Cryptosporidium, Giardia and virus inactivation using chlorine residual and redox monitoring. Proceedings of the Water Quality Technology Conference. 1994;379-389 American Water Works Association, San Francisco, CA.
26. Rice E.W., Fox K.R., Milyner R.J., Lytle D.A., Johnson C.H. A microbial surrogate for evaluating treatment efficiency. Proceedings of the Water Quality Technology Conference. 1994;2035-2045 American Water Works Association, San Francisco, CA.
27. Rice E.W., Fox K.R., Miltner R.J., Lytle D.A., Johnson C.H. Evaluating plant performance with endospores. J. Am. Wks. Assoc. 88:1996;122-130.
28. Rickloff J.R. An evaluation of the sporicidal activity of ozone. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 53:1987;683-686.
29. Taras M.J. Studies on chlorine demand constants. J. Am. Wks. Assoc. 43:1952;922-924100.
30. Toenniessen G.H., Johnson J.D. Heat shocked Bacillus subtilis spores as an indicator of virus disinfection. J. Am. Wks. Assoc. 62:1970;589-597.
31. Yokoya F., York G.K. Effect of several environmental conditions on the 'thermal death rate' of endospores of aerobic thermophilic bacteria. J. Appl. Microbiol. 13:1965;993-999.