Responses to training in cross-country skiers

Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise

Volumn 31, Issue 8, 1999, Pages 1211-1217

  Gaskill, Steven E ^a   Serfass, Robert C ^b   Bacharach, David W ^b   Kelly, John M ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MONTANA   (United States)

^b NONE

Author keywords

Anaerobic threshold; Arm power; Lactate threshold; Oxygen uptake

Indexed keywords

LACTIC ACID;

ADULT; ARTICLE; COMPETITION; ENDURANCE; ENERGY EXPENDITURE; HUMAN; LACTATE BLOOD LEVEL; MUSCLE STRENGTH; NORMAL HUMAN; OXYGEN CONSUMPTION; PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE; SKIING; TRAINING;

ADULT; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; OXYGEN CONSUMPTION; PHYSICAL ENDURANCE; SKIING; TASK PERFORMANCE AND ANALYSIS;

EID: 0032866889     PISSN: 01959131     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00005768-199908000-00020     Document Type: Article

References (25)

1. ACEVEDO, E. O. and A. H. GOLDFARB. Increased training intensity effects on plasma lactate, ventilatory threshold, and endurance. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 21:563-568, 1989.
2. BILODEAU, B., B. ROY, and M. R. BOULAY. Upper body testing of cross-country skiers. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 27:1557-1567, 1995.
3. BOMPA, T. O. Theory and Methodology of Training: The Key to Athletic Performance. Dubuque, IA: Kendall/Hunt Publishing, 1983, pp. 63, 76, 132-140, 188-193.
4. BOUCHARD, C. Genetics of aerobic and anaerobic performance. Exerc. Sports Sci. Rev. 20:27-58, 1992.
5. BOUCHARD, C., M. CHAGNON, M. C. THIBAULT, et al. Muscle genetic variants and relationship with performance and trainability. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 21:71-77, 1989.
6. BURGH, U., I-L. KANSTRUP, and B. EKBLOM. Maximal oxygen uptake during exercise with various combinations of arm and leg work. J. Appl. Physiol. 41:191-196, 1976.
7. BURGH, U., B. SJODIN, A. FORSBERG, and J. SVEDENHAG. The relationship between body mass and oxygen uptake during running in humans. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 23:205-211, 1991.
8. DENIS, C., and R. FOUQUET. Effects of 40 weeks of endurance training on the anaerobic threshold. Int. J. Sports Med. 3:208-214, 1982.
9. 2max, and response to endurance training. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 25:766-774, 1993.
10. GASKILL, S. E. Fitness Cross-Country Skiing. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics Publishers, 1998, pp 53-165.
11. FLECK, S. J., and W. KRAEMER. Designing Resistance Training Programs, 2nd Edition. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics Publishers, 1997, pp. 66-73.
12. INGJER, F. Maximal oxygen uptake as a predictor of performance ability in women and men elite cross-country skiers. Scand J. Med. Sci. Sports 1:25-30, 1991.
13. MORTON, R. H., J. R. FITZ-CLARKE, and E. W. BANNISTER. Modeling human performance in running. J. Appl. Physiol. 69:1171-1177, 1990.
14. RUNDELL, K. W., and D. W. BACHARACH. Physiological characteristics and performance of top U.S. biathletes. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 27:1302-1310, 1995.
15. RUSKO, H. K. The effects of training on aerobic power characteristics of young cross-country skiers. J. Sports Sci. 5:273-286, 1987.
16. RUSKO, H. K. Development of aerobic power in relation to age and training in cross-country skiers. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 24:1040-1047, 1992.
17. RUSKO, H., P. LUTHANED, P. RAHKILA, J. VIITASALO, S. REHUNEN, and M. HARKONEN. Muscle metabolism, blood lactate and oxygen uptake in steady state exercise at aerobic and anaerobic thresholds. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 55:181-186, 1986.
18. SHARKEY, B. Training for Cross-country Ski Racing. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics Publishers, 1986, pp. 61-68, 123-126.
19. SIMONEAU, J. A., C. BOUCHARD. Genetic determinism of fiber type proportion in human skeletal muscle. FASEB J. 9:1091-1095, 1995.
20. SIMONEAU, J. A. and C. BOUCHARD. Human variations in skeletal muscle fiber-type proportion and enzyme activities. Am. J. Physiol. 257(4 Pt l):E567-572, 1989.
21. SLEAMAKER, R. Serious Training for Serious Athletes. Champaign, IL: Leisure Press, 1989, pp. 24-26, 33, 38.
22. STREET, G. M. and E. C. FREDERICK. Measurement of skier-generated forces during roller-ski skating. J. Appl. Biomech. 11:245-256, 1995.
23. STROMME, S. B., F. INGJER, and H. D. MEEN. Assessment of maximal aerobic power in specifically trained athletes. J. Appl. Physiol. 42:833-837, 1977.
24. TANAKA, K., and Y. MATSUURA. A longitudinal assessment of anaerobic threshold and distance running performance. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 16:278-282, 1955.
25. WATTS, P. B., M. D. HOFFMAN, J. E. SULENTIC, et al. Physiological response to specific maximal exercise tests for cross-country skiing. Can. J. Appl. Physiol. 18:359-65, 1993.