Social determinants of GHQ score by postal survey

Journal of Public Health Medicine

Volumn 21, Issue 3, 1999, Pages 283-288

  Harrison, Judy ^a,b   Barrow, Steve ^a,c   Gask, Linda ^a,c   Creed, Francis ^a  

^a MANCHESTER UNIVERSITY NHS FOUNDATION TRUST   (United Kingdom)

^b Gateway House ^*  (United Kingdom)

^c UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Epidemiology; General Health Questionnaire; Psychological morbidity

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGED; ANXIETY NEUROSIS; ARTICLE; DEMOGRAPHY; DEPRESSION; ETHNOLOGY; FEMALE; HUMAN; LONELINESS; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; PARENTHOOD; PHYSICAL DISEASE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; QUESTIONNAIRE; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; SOCIAL STATUS; SOCIAL SUPPORT; UNEMPLOYMENT; UNITED KINGDOM;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; ANXIETY; CHRONIC DISEASE; CORRESPONDENCE; DEPRESSION; FEMALE; HEALTH SURVEYS; HUMANS; LIFE STYLE; LOGISTIC MODELS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MORBIDITY; PREDICTIVE VALUE OF TESTS; QUESTIONNAIRES; RISK FACTORS; SEX DISTRIBUTION; SOCIAL SUPPORT; SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS; UNEMPLOYMENT;

EID: 0032866350     PISSN: 09574832     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/21.3.283     Document Type: Article

References (44)

1. Goldberg D, Huxley P. Common mental disorders: a biosocial model. London: Routledge, 1992.
2. Croft-Jeffreys C, Wilkinson G. Estimated costs of neurotic disorder in UK general practice. Psychol Med 1985; 19: 549-558.
3. Murray J. Prevention of anxiety and depression in vulnerable groups. London: Gaskell Press, 1995.
4. Lewis G, Booth M. Regional differences in mental health in Great Britain. J Epidemiol Commun Hlth 1992; 46: 608-611.
5. Regier DA, Farmer ME, Rae DS, et al. One month prevalence of mental disorders in the United States and sociodemographic characteristics: the Epidemiological Catchment Area Study. Acta Psychiat Scand 1993; 88: 35-47.
6. Kessler RC, McGonagle KA, Zhao S, et al. Lifetime and 12 month prevalence of DSM III-R psychiatric disorders in the US - results from the National Comorbidity Survey. Arch Gen Psychiat 1994; 51: 8-19.
7. Dooley D, Catalano R, Wilson G. Depression and unemployment: panel findings from the Epidemiological Catchment Area study. Am J Commun Psychol 1994; 22(6): 745-765.
8. Cox B, Blaxter M, Buckle A, et al. The health and lifestyle survey. Cambridge: Health Promotion Research Trust, 1987.
9. Office of Population Censuses and Surveys. OPCS surveys of psychiatric morbidity in Great Britain: Bulletin 1. The prevalence of psychiatric morbidity among adults aged 16-64 living in private households in Great Britain. London: OPCS, 1994.
10. Goldberg D, Hillier V. A scaled version of the General Health Questionnaire. Psychol Med 1979; 9: 139-145.
11. Goldberg D, Williams P. A user's guide to the General Health Questionnaire. Windsor: NFER-Nelson, 1988.
12. Zimmermann-Tansella C, Donini S, Lattanzi M, et al. Life-events, social problems and physical health status as predictors of emotional distress in men and women in a community setting. Psychol Med 1991; 21: 505-513.
13. Weich S, Lewis G. Poverty, unemployment and common mental disorders: a population based cohort study. Br Med J 1998; 317: 115-119.
14. Williams P, Macdonald A. The effect of non-response bias on the results of two-stage screening surveys of psychiatric disorder. Social Psychiat 1986; 21: 1-5.
15. Clark VA, Aneshensel CS, Frerichs RR, Morgan TM. Analysis of non-response in a prospective study of depression in Los Angeles county. Int J Epidemiol 1983; 12: 193-198.
16. Davies HTO, Crombie IK, Tavakdi GM. When can odds ratios be misleading? Br Med J 1998; 316: 989-991.
17. Blazer DG, Kessler RC, McGonagle KA, Swartz MS.The prevalence and distribution of major depression in a national community sample: the National Comorbidity Survey. Am J Psychiat 1994; 151: 979-986.
18. Finlay-Jones R, Ekhardt B. Psychiatric disorder among young unemployed. Aust NZ J Psychiat 1984; 15: 265-270.
19. Surtees PG, Dean C, Ingham JG, et al. Psychiatric disorders in women from an Edinburgh community: associations with demographic factors. Br J Psychiat 1983; 142: 238-246.
20. Eales M. Depression and anxiety in umemployed men. Psychol Med 1988; 18: 935-946.
21. Knowles J. The part played by gender in neurotic disorders. Curr Opinion Psychiat 1993; 6: 221-225.
22. Vazquez-Barquero JL, Diez-Manrique JF, Pena C, Quintanal RG, Labrador Lopez M. Two stage design in a community survey. Br J Psychiat 1986; 149: 88-97.
23. Kessler RC, Macleod JD. Social support and mental health in community samples. In: Cohen S and Syme SL, eds. Social support and health. London: Academic Press, 1985: 219-240.
24. Bruce ML, Takeuchi DT, Leaf PJ. Poverty and psychiatric status. Arch Gen Psychiat 1991; 48: 470-474.
25. Shaw C. Depression and anxiety in a population sample of British Afro-Caribbeans. Ph.D. thesis, University of Manchester, 1997.
26. Sarason IG, Levine HM, Basham RB, et al. Assessing social support: the social support questionnaire. J Personality Social Psychol 1983; 44: 127-139.
27. Brown GW, Harris T. Social origins of depression: a study of psychiatric disorder in women. London: Tavistock, 1978.
28. Tennant C, Bebbington P. The social causation of depression: a critique of the work of Brown and colleagues. Psychol Med 1978; 8: 565-575.
29. Williams AW, Ware JE, Donald CA. A model of mental health, life events and social supports applicable to general populations. J Hlth Social Behav 1981; 22: 324-336.
30. Thoits PA. Conceptual methodological and theoretical problems in studying social support as a buffer against life stress. J Hlth Social Behav 1982; 23: 145-159.
31. Brown GW, Andrews B, Harris T, Adler Z, Bridge L. Social support, self-esteem and depression. Psychol Med 1986; 16: 813-831.
32. Miller P, Ingham JG. Friends, confidantes and symptoms. Social Psychiat 1976; 11(2): 51-58.
33. Henderson S, Byrne DG, Duncan-Jones P. Neurosis and the social environment. Sydney: Academic Press, 1981.
34. Kisely SR, Goldberg D. Physical and psychiatric comorbidity in general practice. Br J Psychiat 1996; 169: 236-242.
35. Vazquez-Barquero JL, Diez-Manrique JF, Pena C, et al. A community mental health survey in Cantabria, a general description of morbidity. Psychol Med 1987; 17: 227-241.
36. Weich S, Lewis G, Donmall R, et al. Somatic presentation of psychiatric morbidity in general practice. Br J Gen Pract 1995; 45: 143-147.
37. Mayou R, Hawton K. Psychiatric disorder in the general hospital. Br J Psychiat 1986; 149: 172-190.
38. Wells K, Golding JM, Burman MA. Psychiatric disorder in a sample of the general population with and without chronic conditions. Am J Psychiat 1988; 145: 976-981.
39. Zung WW, Broadhead WE, Roth ME. Prevalence of depressive symptoms in primary care. J Fam Pract 1993; 37(4): 337-344.
40. Verhaak PFM. Determinants of the help seeking process: Goldberg and Huxley's first level and the first filter. Psychol Med 1995; 25: 95-104.
41. Goldberg D, Huxley P. Mental illness in the community. London: Tavistock, 1980.
42. Bevan G. Taking equity seriously: a dilemma for government from allocating resources to primary care groups. Br Med J 1998; 316: 39-44.
43. Rose G. Mental disorders and the strategies of prevention. Psychol Med 1993; 23(3): 553-555.
44. Weich S. Prevention of the common mental disorders: a public health perspective. Psychol Med 1997; 27(4): 757-764.