Is the Internet an instrument of global democratization?

Democratization

Volumn 6, Issue 2, 1999, Pages 99-127

  Hill, Kevin A ^a   Hughes, John E ^b  

^a FLORIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b MONMOUTH UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DEMOCRATIZATION; INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY; INTERNET; PARTICIPATORY APPROACH; POLITICAL CHANGE;

EID: 0032865154     PISSN: 13510347     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/13510349908403613     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. Kenneth Wald, Dennis E. Owen, and Samuel S. Hill, Jr., 'Churches as Political Communities', American Political Science Review Vol.82, No.2 (1988), pp.531-48.
2. Kevin A. Hill and John E. Hughes, 'Computer-Mediated Political Communication: The USENET and Political Communities', Political Communication, Vol.14, No.1 (1997), pp.3-27.
3. Kevin A. Hill and John E. Hughes, Cyberpolitics: Citizen Activism in the Age of the Internet (Boulder, CO: Rowman & Littlefield, 1998).
4. Hill and Hughes, 'Computer-Mediated', pp.3-27.
5. David Easton and Jack Dennis, Children and the Political System (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1969).
6. Paul Allen Beck, 'A Socialization Theory of Partisan Realignment', in Richard G. Niemi (ed.), The Politics of Future Citizens (San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass, 1974).
7. Robert Huckfeldt, 'Political Participation and the Neighborhood Social Context', American Journal of Political Science, Vol.23, No.3 (1979), pp.579-92.
8. Robert Huckfeldt, 'Political Loyalties and Social Class Ties: The Mechanisms of Contextual Influence', American Journal of Political Science, Vol.39, No.2 (1984), pp.1025-54.
9. Wald, Owen, and Hill, op. cit., pp.531-48.
10. Ibid.
11. Huckfeldt, 'Political Participation', pp.579-92.
12. Hill and Hughes, Cyberpolitics.
13. Daniel Lerner, The Passing of Traditional Society: Modernizing the Middle East (New York: Free Press, 1968); Seymour Martin Lipset, 'Some Social Requisites of Democracy: Economic Development and Political Legitimacy', The American Political Science Review, Vol.53, No.1 (1959), pp.69-105; Seymour Martin Lipset, K. Seong, and Juan Torres, 'A Comparative Analysis of the Social Requisites of Democracy', International Social Science Journal, Vol.136 (Sept. 1993), pp.155-75; Henry S. Rowen, 'The Tide Underneath the "Third Wave"', Journal of Democracy, Vol.6, No.1 (1995), pp.52-64; and Tatu Vanhanen, Prospects of Democracy: A Study of 172 Countries (New York: Routledge, 1997).
14. Daniel Lerner, The Passing of Traditional Society: Modernizing the Middle East (New York: Free Press, 1968); Seymour Martin Lipset, 'Some Social Requisites of Democracy: Economic Development and Political Legitimacy', The American Political Science Review, Vol.53, No.1 (1959), pp.69-105; Seymour Martin Lipset, K. Seong, and Juan Torres, 'A Comparative Analysis of the Social Requisites of Democracy', International Social Science Journal, Vol.136 (Sept. 1993), pp.155-75; Henry S. Rowen, 'The Tide Underneath the "Third Wave"', Journal of Democracy, Vol.6, No.1 (1995), pp.52-64; and Tatu Vanhanen, Prospects of Democracy: A Study of 172 Countries (New York: Routledge, 1997).
15. Daniel Lerner, The Passing of Traditional Society: Modernizing the Middle East (New York: Free Press, 1968); Seymour Martin Lipset, 'Some Social Requisites of Democracy: Economic Development and Political Legitimacy', The American Political Science Review, Vol.53, No.1 (1959), pp.69-105; Seymour Martin Lipset, K. Seong, and Juan Torres, 'A Comparative Analysis of the Social Requisites of Democracy', International Social Science Journal, Vol.136 (Sept. 1993), pp.155-75; Henry S. Rowen, 'The Tide Underneath the "Third Wave"', Journal of Democracy, Vol.6, No.1 (1995), pp.52-64; and Tatu Vanhanen, Prospects of Democracy: A Study of 172 Countries (New York: Routledge, 1997).
16. Daniel Lerner, The Passing of Traditional Society: Modernizing the Middle East (New York: Free Press, 1968); Seymour Martin Lipset, 'Some Social Requisites of Democracy: Economic Development and Political Legitimacy', The American Political Science Review, Vol.53, No.1 (1959), pp.69-105; Seymour Martin Lipset, K. Seong, and Juan Torres, 'A Comparative Analysis of the Social Requisites of Democracy', International Social Science Journal, Vol.136 (Sept. 1993), pp.155-75; Henry S. Rowen, 'The Tide Underneath the "Third Wave"', Journal of Democracy, Vol.6, No.1 (1995), pp.52-64; and Tatu Vanhanen, Prospects of Democracy: A Study of 172 Countries (New York: Routledge, 1997).
17. Daniel Lerner, The Passing of Traditional Society: Modernizing the Middle East (New York: Free Press, 1968); Seymour Martin Lipset, 'Some Social Requisites of Democracy: Economic Development and Political Legitimacy', The American Political Science Review, Vol.53, No.1 (1959), pp.69-105; Seymour Martin Lipset, K. Seong, and Juan Torres, 'A Comparative Analysis of the Social Requisites of Democracy', International Social Science Journal, Vol.136 (Sept. 1993), pp.155-75; Henry S. Rowen, 'The Tide Underneath the "Third Wave"', Journal of Democracy, Vol.6, No.1 (1995), pp.52-64; and Tatu Vanhanen, Prospects of Democracy: A Study of 172 Countries (New York: Routledge, 1997).
18. Peter Boone, Politics and the Effectiveness of Foreign Aid (London: London School of Economics, 1994); and Larry Diamond, 'Economic Development and Democracy Reconsidered', in Gary Marks and Larry Diamond (eds.), Re-examining Democracy: Essays in Honor of Seymour Martin Lipset (London: Sage, 1992).
19. Peter Boone, Politics and the Effectiveness of Foreign Aid (London: London School of Economics, 1994); and Larry Diamond, 'Economic Development and Democracy Reconsidered', in Gary Marks and Larry Diamond (eds.), Re-examining Democracy: Essays in Honor of Seymour Martin Lipset (London: Sage, 1992).
20. Max Weber, The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism (London: Roxbury, 1995).
21. Samuel P. Huntington, The Third Wave: Democratization in the Late Twentieth Century (Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press, 1991); Richard Schifter, 'Is There a Democracy Gene?', The Washington Quarterly, Vol.17 (Summer, 1994), pp.121-27; and especially Robert Putnam, Making Democracy Work: Civic Traditions in Modern Italy (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1994).
22. Samuel P. Huntington, The Third Wave: Democratization in the Late Twentieth Century (Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press, 1991); Richard Schifter, 'Is There a Democracy Gene?', The Washington Quarterly, Vol.17 (Summer, 1994), pp.121-27; and especially Robert Putnam, Making Democracy Work: Civic Traditions in Modern Italy (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1994).
23. Samuel P. Huntington, The Third Wave: Democratization in the Late Twentieth Century (Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press, 1991); Richard Schifter, 'Is There a Democracy Gene?', The Washington Quarterly, Vol.17 (Summer, 1994), pp.121-27; and especially Robert Putnam, Making Democracy Work: Civic Traditions in Modern Italy (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1994).
24. Samuel P. Huntington, 'Will More Countries Become Democratic?', Political Science Quarterly, Vol.99, No.3 (1984), pp.193-218.
25. Mancur Olson, 'Dictatorship, Democracy, and Development', American Political Science Review, Vol.87, No.2 (1993), pp.567-76.
26. Larry Diamond, Juan Linz and Seymour Martin Lipset, Democracy in Developing Countries (Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 1988).
27. Robert Gastil, 'The Past, Present, and Future of Democracy', Journal of International Affairs, Vol.38 (Spring 1985), pp.161-79.
28. Christopher Kedzie, 'A Brave New World or a New World Order?', in Sara Kiesler (ed.), Research Outposts on the Information Highway (Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum Associates, 1995).
29. R.B. McColm, 'The Comparative Survey of Freedom 1991-1992: Between Two Worlds', in Freedom House Survey Team (eds.), Freedom in the World: Political Rights and Civil Liberties, 1991-1992 (New York: Freedom House, 1992).
30. Gastil, op. cit., pp.161-79.
31. Howard Frederick, 'Computer Communications in Cross-Border Coalition-Building: North American NGO Networking against NAFTA', Gazette, Vol.50, No.1 (1992), pp.217-42.
32. Intertrader, "How Large is the Internet?' www.intertrader.com/netstats.html, 1997.
33. Panos, 'The Internet and the South: Superhighway or Dirt-track?', www.oneworld.org/panos/ panos-internet-press.html, 1995.
34. Internet Freedom Network, 'Meeting Summary,13 May 1996', www.cdt.org/internat/ 960513-IFN-mtg.html, 1996.
35. Vanhanen, op. cit., pp.19-34.
36. Roger Kaplan, Freedom Review (New York: Freedom House, 1994).
37. We would have liked to have done more analysis on this question of the origin of a message in a home domain and the likelihood that those messages would be anti-government. In the next section we do build in the origin of a message to our multivariate model, and find that messages coming from home domains are a significant predictor of whether or not a message is anti-government. But we would also have liked to have seen for each nation in our sample the percentage of messages in the home domains that are anti-government. Unfortunately, with 41 nations, two categories on the anti-government variable (anti-government and not anti-government), and two categories on the 'home' domain variable (yes and no), tables like this quickly become unwieldy and statistically unreliable since many table cells are empty or have only a few entries.
38. Technically, we could have called this our dummy variable for South Asia, but since we moved soc.culture.bangladesh into the 'Muslim Nations' category, this leaves us with only soc.culture.india in the South Asia category.
39. A logical question to ask is whether or not there is a significant interaction between the democratization level of a nation and whether or not a message is posted from a 'home' domain, and the likelihood that a message will be anti-government. We ran another model, which included this interaction term. The results were statistically insignificant.
40. Hill and Hughes, 'Computer-Mediated', pp.3-27.
41. Democratization, Vol.6, No.2, Summer 1999, pp.128-155