Calculation of absorbed dose and biological effectiveness from photonuclear reactions in a bremsstrahlung beam of end point 50 MeV

Physics in Medicine and Biology

Volumn 44, Issue 9, 1999, Pages 2099-2125

  Gudowska, I ^a   Brahme, A ^a   Andreo, P ^a,b   Gudowski, W ^c   Kierkegaard, J ^c  

^a STOCKHOLM UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

^b INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY   (Austria)

^c ROYAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (Sweden)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

COBALT 60; HELIUM;

ADIPOSE TISSUE; ARTICLE; BREAST; CORTICAL BONE; HUMAN; LUNG; NUCLEAR REACTOR; PHOTON; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RADIATION DOSE; RADIOACTIVITY; SOFT TISSUE;

EID: 0032865028     PISSN: 00319155     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/44/9/301     Document Type: Article

References (71)

1. Agosteo S, Para A F, Gerardi F, Silari M, Torresin A and Tosi G 1993 Photoneutron dose in soft tissue phantoms irradiated by 25 MV x-rays Phys. Med. Biol. 38 1509-28
2. Allen P D and Chaudhri M A 1982a Energy spectra of secondary neutrons produced by high energy bremsstrahlung in carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and tissue Phys. Med. Biol. 27 553-63
3. _1982b The dose contribution due to photonuclear reactions during radiotherapy Med. Phys. 9 904-6
4. _1988 Photoneutron production in tissue during high energy bremsstrahlung radiotherapy Phys. Med. Biol. 33 1017-36
5. _1997 Charged photoparticle production in tissue during radiotherapy Med. Phys. 24 837-9
6. 16O(γ, n) reaction at intermediate energy Phys. Rev. C 51 2553-61
7. Andreo P 1991 Monte Carlo techniques in medical radiation physics Phys. Med. Biol. 36 861-920
8. Andreo P and Brahme A 1986 Stopping power data for high-energy photon beams Phys. Med. Biol. 31 839-58
9. 12C(γ,n) and the implications for the (γ,N) reaction mechanism at intermediate energy Phys. Rev. Lett. 71 2703-6
10. Artus H 1966 Einige seltene Kernphotoreaktionen an C, O und Si Z. Phys. 189 355-64
11. 3He by 9Be from 1 to 6 MeV Phys. Rev. C 6 1536-42
12. Blunck O and Leisegang S. 1950 Zum Energieverlust schneller Elektronen in dünnen Schichten Z. Phys. 128 500-5
13. Brahme A 1982 Design principles of therapeutic electron and photon beams Proc. Workshop on Physical Aspects of High Energy Electron Accelerators in Radiation Therapy ed K R Das (Bombay: Association of Medical Physicists of India) pp 263-314
14. Brahme A, Montelius A, Nordell B, Reuthal M and Swensson H 1980 Investigation of the possibility of using photoneutron beams for radiation therapy Phys. Med. Biol. 25 1111-20
15. 40Ca Phys. Rev. C 9 1901-18
16. Brandt S 1970 Statistical and Computational Methods in Data Analysis (Amsterdam: North-Holland)
17. Briesmeister J 1997 MCNP™ - a general Monte Carlo n-particle transport code Version 4B Los Alamos National Laboratory Report LA-12625-M (Los Alamos, NM: Los Alamos National Laboratory)
18. 16O Phys. Rev. Lett. 19 447-9
19. 12C in the giant dipole resonance region Phys. Rev. C 14 456-67
20. Cox L J, Schach von Wittenau A E, Bergstrom P M Jr, Mohan R, Libby B, Wu Q and Lovelock D M J 1997 Photon beam description in PEREGRINE for Monte Carlo dose calculations Report No UCRL-JC-126731 (Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA)
21. DeMarco J J, Solberg T D and Smathers J B 1998 A CT-based Monte Carlo simulation tool for dosimetry planning and analysis Med. Phys. 25 1-11
22. Dietrich S S and Berman B L 1988 Atlas of photoneutron cross sections obtained with monoenergetic photons At. Data Nucl. Data Tables 38 199-338
23. Forkman B and Petersson R 1987 Photonuclear cross-sections Handbook on Nuclear Activation Data (IAEA Technical Reports Series 273) (Vienna: IAEA) pp 631-811
24. 16O Phys. Rep. 127 185-231
25. Goudsmit S and Saunderson J L 1940 Multiple scattering of electrons Phys. Rev. 57 24-9
26. Goward F K and Wilkins J J 1952 Multiple resonances in photodisintegration cross sections Proc. Phys. Soc. 65 A 671-2
27. _1953 Cross-section for the photodisintegration of carbon into three α-particles Proc. R. Soc. A 217 357-75
28. Grindborg J-E 1998 private communication
29. 235U fission chamber and indium foil activation Radiat. Prot. Dosim. 23 345-8
30. Gudowska I and Brahme A 1996 Neutron radiation from high-energy x-ray medical accelerators Nukleonika 41 105-18
31. Hall E J, Novak J K, Kellerer A M, Rossi H H, Marino S and Goodman L J 1975 RBE as a function of neutron energy I. Experimental observations Radiat. Res. 64 245-55
32. Hayward E 1970 Photonuclear reactions NBS Monograph 118 (Washington, DC: NBS)
33. Horsley R J Johns H E and Haslam R N H 1953 Energy absorption in human tissue by nuclear processes with high-energy x-rays Nucleonics 11 28-31
34. IAEA 1987 Absorbed dose determination in photon and electron beams: an International Code of Practice IAEA Technical Reports Series 211 (Vienna: IAEA)
35. ICRP 1971 Data for protection against ionizing radiation from external sources: supplement to ICRP Publication 15 ICRP Publication 21
36. ICRU 1989 Tissue substituties in radiation dosimetry and measurements ICRU Report 44
37. _1992 Photon, electron, proton and neutron interaction data for body tissues ICRU Report 46
38. Ing H, Nelson W R and Shore R A 1982 Unwanted photon and neutron radiation resulting from collimated photon beams interacting with the body of radiotherapy patients Med. Phys. 9 27-33
39. 13C Phys. Rev. C 19 1684-92
40. Landau L 1944 On the energy loss of fast particles by ionization J. Phys. USSR 8 201-5
41. Laughlin J S, Reid A, Zeitz L and Ding J 1979 Unwanted neutron contribution to megavoltage x-ray and electron therapy Proc. Conf. on Neutrons from Electron Medical Accelerators (NBS Special Publication 554) ed H T Heaton II and R Jacobs pp 1-14
42. Levy L B, Waggener R G D, McDavid W D and Payne W H 1974 Experimental and calculated bremsstrahlung spectra from a 25 MeV linear accelerator and a 19 MeV betatron Med. Phys. 1 62-7
43. Lindborg L 1975 Microdosimetry measurements in beams of high-energy photons and electrons: technique and results Proc. 5th Symp. on Microdosimetry (Verbania, Italy) (New York: Harwood Academic) pp 347-76
44. Lovelock D M J, Chui C S and Mohan R 1995 A Monte Carlo model of photon beams used in radiation therapy Med. Phys. 22 1387-94
45. McCall R C and Swanson W P 1979 Neutron sources and their characteristics Proc. Conf. on Neutrons from Electron Medical Accelerators (NBS Special Publication 554) ed H T Heaton II and R Jacobs pp 75-86
46. 11C Nucl. Phys. A 156 257-75
47. Mohan R, Chui C and Lidofsky L 1985 Energy and angular distributions of photons from medical linear accelerators Med. Phys. 12 592-7
48. Nath R, Epp E R, Laughlin J S, Swanson W P and Bond V P 1984 Neutrons from high-energy x-ray medical accelerators: an estimate of risk to the radiotherapy patient Med. Phys. 11 231-41
49. NBS 1979 Proc. Conf. on Neutrons from Electron Medical Accelerators (NBS Special Publication 554) ed H T Heaton II and R Jacobs
50. NCRP 1984 Neutron contamination from medical electron accelerators NCRP Report 79
51. Perris A, Pialoglou P, Katsanos A A and Sideris E G 1986 Biological effectiveness of low energy protons I. Survival of Chinese hamster cells Int. J. Radiat. Biol. 50 1093-101
52. Petti P L, Goodman M S, Gabriel T A and Mohan R 1983 Investigation of buildup dose from electron contamination of clinical photon beams Med. Phys. 10 18-24
53. Rogers D W O, Faddegon B A, Ding G X, Ma C-M and Mackie T R 1995 BEAM: a Monte Carlo code to simulate radiotherapy treatment units Med. Phys. 22 503-24
54. Ryckebusch J, Heyde K, Machenil L, Ryckbosch D, Vanderhaeghen M and Waroquier M 1992 Meson exchange currents and high-resolution (γ, p) reactions Phys. Rev. C 46 R829-R832
55. 16O(γ,N) reactions Nucl. Phys. A 476 237-71
56. Sätherberg A, Andreo P and Karlsson M 1996 Bremsstrahlung production at 50 MeV in different target materials and configurations Med. Phys. 23 495-503
57. Sätherberg A and Johansson L 1998 Photonuclear production in tissue for different 50 MV bremsstrahlung beams Med. Phys. 25 683-8
58. 16O Phys. Rev. C 9 76-101
59. Sorcini B 1998 private communication
60. Spurný F, Johansson L, Sätherberg A, Bednář J and Turek K 1996 The contribution of secondary heavy particles to the absorbed dose from high-energy photons beams Phys. Med. Biol. 41 2643-56
61. Svensson R and Brahme A 1996 Effective source size, yield and beam profile from multi-layered bremsstrahlung targets Phys. Med. Biol. 41 1353-79
62. Thacker J, Stretch A and Stevens M A 1979 Mutation and inactivation of cultured mammalian cells exposed to beams of accelerated heavy ions, II. Chinese hamster V79 cells Int. J. Biol. 36 137-48
63. Tilikidis A, Lind B, Näfstadius P and Brahme A 1996 An estimation of the relative biological effectiveness of 50 MV scanned bremsstrahlung beams by microdosimetric techniques Phys. Med. Biol. 41 55-69
64. 16O Nucl. Phys. 54 625-40
65. Varlamov A V, Varlamov V V, Rudenko D S and Stepanov M E 1999 Atlas of giant dipole resonances parameters and graphs of photonuclear reaction cross sections IAEA INDC (NDS) 394 (Vienna: IAEA)
66. Veyssière A, Beil H, Bergère R, Carlos P, Leprètre A and De Miniac A 1974 A study of the photoneutron contribution to the giant dipole resonance of s-d shell nuclei Nucl. Phys. A 227 513-40
67. Wang L, Chui C S and Lovelock M 1998 A patient-specific Monte Carlo dose calculation method for photon beams Med. Phys. 25 867-78
68. 18O Phys. Rev. C 19 1667-83
69. Zackrisson B and Karlsson M 1992 Relative biological effectiveness of 50 MV x-rays on jejunal crypt survival in vivo Radiat. Res. 113 112-14
70. Ziegler J F 1995 TRIM-95 the transport of ions in matter Instruction Manual (Yorktown, NY: IBM Research)
71. 13C(γ, p) cross section Phys. Rev. C 27 1957-66