A critical appraisal of spontaneous perilymphatic fistulas of the inner ear

American Journal of Otology

Volumn 20, Issue 2, 1999, Pages 261-279

  Friedland, David R ^a   Wackym, Phillip A ^b  

^a MOUNT SINAI SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b MEDICAL COLLEGE OF WISCONSIN   (United States)

Author keywords

Auditory; Diagnosis; Histopathology; Perilymph fistula; Vestibular

Indexed keywords

DIAGNOSTIC TEST; HISTOPATHOLOGY; HISTORY; HUMAN; MEDICAL INFORMATION; MEDICAL LITERATURE; PERILYMPH FISTULA; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW;

FISTULA; HISTORY, 18TH CENTURY; HISTORY, 19TH CENTURY; HISTORY, 20TH CENTURY; HUMANS; LABYRINTH DISEASES; PERILYMPH; PORTRAITS; TIME FACTORS;

EID: 0032863796     PISSN: 01929763     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (135)

1. Atkinson M. Meniere's original papers. [Reprinted with an English translation together with commentaries and biographical sketch.] Acta Otolaryngol Suppl 1961;162:3-77.
2. Gelle R. Etude clinique du vertige de Meniere dans ses rapports avec les lesions des fenestres ovales et rondes. Arch Neurol (Paris) 1883;4:273.
3. Barnick A. Histopathology of round window rupture in head trauma. Adv Otorhinolaryngol 1897;35:177-9.
4. Hennebert C. Labyrinthite double, reflexe moteur oto-ocularie. Clinique 1905;19:214.
5. Kohut RI. Perilymphatic fistulae: more than a century of notions, conjectures, and critical studies. Am J Otol 1992;13:38-40.
6. Barany R. Fall von labyrinthlues. Monatsschr Ohrenheilkd 1910;11:40.
7. Gundrum LK. Meniere's disease. Report of a case. Laryngoscope 1928;38:726-9.
8. Pfaltz CR, Thomsen J. Symptomatology and definition of Meniere's Disease. In: Pfaltz CR, ed. Controversial aspects of Meniere's Disease. New York: Thieme, Inc., 1986:2-7.
9. Simpson R. The causes of perceptive deafness. Proc Royal Soc Med 1949;42:20-4.
10. Bosatra A, De'Stefani GB. Idiopathic sudden deafness: a clinical study. Acta Otolaryngologica Suppl 1961;169:7-62.
11. Hallberg OE. Sudden deafness of obscure origin. Laryngoscope 1956;66:1237-67.
12. Bolognesi AVB. Sudden deafness. Five cases treated with anticoagulants. Arch Otolaryngol 1960;72:31-40.
13. Lindsay JR, Zuidema JJ. Inner ear deafness of sudden onset. Laryngoscope 1950;60:238-63.
14. Brown LA. Acoustic accident. Laryngoscope 1957;67:238-45.
15. Goodhill V. Stapes surgery for otosclerosis. New York: Paul B. Hoeber, Inc., 1961.
16. Bergstrom J, Ivstram B. Vestibular disturbances after stapediolysis. Acta Otolaryngol Suppl 1960;158:328-34.
17. Steffen TN, Sheehy JL, House HP. The slipped strut problem. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1963;72:191-205.
18. Rutledge LJ, Lewis ML, Sanbria F. Fatal meningitis related to stapes operation. Arch Otolaryngol 1963;78:637-41.
19. House HP. Early and late complications of stapes surgery. Arch Otolaryngol 1963;78:606-13.
20. Hemenway WG, Hildyard VH, Black FO. Post stapedectomy perilymph fistulas in the Rocky Mountain Area. The importance of nystagmography and audiometry in diagnosis and early tympanotomy in prognosis. Laryngoscope 1968;78:1687-715.
21. Goodhill V. The conductive loss phenomenon in post-stapedectomy perilymphatic fistulas. Laryngoscope 1967;77:1179-90.
22. Harrison WH, Shambaugh GE Jr, Derlacki EL, Clemis JD. Perilymph fistula in stapes surgery. Laryngoscope 1967;77:836-49.
23. House HP. The fistula problem in otosclerosis surgery. Laryngoscope 1967;77:1410-26.
24. House HP. Surgery for otosclerosis. Minn Med 1967;50:817-22.
25. Fee GA. Traumatic perilymphatic fistulas. Arch Otolaryngol 1968;88:477-80.
26. Stroud MH, Calcaterra TC. Spontaneous perilymph fistulas. Laryngoscope 1970;80:479-87.
27. Goodhill V. Sudden deafness and round window rupture. Laryngoscope 1971;81:1462-74.
28. Grundfast KM, Bluestone CD. Sudden or fluctuating hearing loss and vertigo in children due to perilymph fistula. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1978;87:761-71.
29. Healy GB, Strong MS, Sampogna D. Ataxia, vertigo, and hearing loss. A result of rupture of inner ear window. Arch Otolaryngol 1974;100:130-5.
30. Kohut RI, Waldorf RA, Haenel JL, Thompson JN. Minute perilymph fistulas: vertigo and Hennebert's sign without hearing loss. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1979;88:153-9.
31. Thompson JN, Kohut KI. Perilymph fistulae: variability of symptoms and results of surgery. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1979;87:898-903.
32. Seltzer S, McCabe BF. Perilymph fistula: the Iowa experience. Laryngoscope 1986;96:37-49.
33. Shelton C, Simmons FB. Perilymph fistula: the Stanford experience. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1988;97:105-8.
34. Rizer FM, House JW. Perilymph fistulas: the House Ear Clinic experience. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1991;104:239-43.
35. Meyerhoff WL. Spontaneous perilymphatic fistula: myth or fact. Am J Otol 1993;14:478-81.
36. House JW, Morris MS, Kramer SJ, Shasky GL, Coggan BB, Putter JS. Perilymphatic fistula: surgical experience in the United States. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1991;105:51-61.
37. Hughes GB, Sismanis A, House JW. Is there consensus in perilymph fistula management? Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1990;102:111-7.
38. Shea JJ. The myth of spontaneous perilymph fistula. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1992;107:613-6.
39. Schuknecht HF. Myths in neurotology. Am J Otol 1992;13:124-6.
40. Kohut RI, Hinojosa R, Budetti JA. Perilymphatic fistula: a histopathologic study. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1986;95:466-71.
41. Holmgren G. The surgery of otosclerosis. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1937;46:3-12.
42. Crowe SJ. Pathology of the ear in meningitis. Laryngoscope 1928;38:750-3.
43. Anson BJ, Martin J Jr. Fissula ante fenestrum. Its form and content in early life. Arch Otolaryngol 1935;21:303-23.
44. Bast T. Development of the otic capsule. II. The origin, development and significance of the fissula ante fenestram and its relation to otosclerotic foci. Arch Otolaryngol 1933;18:1-20.
45. Bast TH. Development of the otic capsule. III. Fetal and infantile changes in the fissular region and their probable relationship to the formation of otosclerotic foci. Arch Otolaryngol 1936;23:507-25.
46. Mayer O. Uber die entstehung der spontanfracturen der labyrinthkapsel und ihre bedeutung fur die otosklerose. Z Hals-Nasen-Ohren 1930;26:261-79.
47. Meyer M. Die normale anatomie der labyrinthkapsel. Z Hals-Nasen-Ohrenh 1933;34:3-72.
48. Bruhl G. Bemerkungungen zu O. Mayers Arbeit. Z Hals-Nasen-Ohrenh 1930;26:587-91.
49. Brunner H. Uber spatbildung in der knochernen innerohrkapsel. Wien Klin Wocherschr 1932;6:173-6.
50. Wittmaack K. Zur dritten otosklerose-hypothese Otto Mayers. Arch Ohren Nassen Kehlkopfh 1932;131:180-207.
51. Kohut RI, Hinojosa R, Ryu JH. The histologic characteristics of the core of the fissula ante fenestram. Acta Otolaryngol Suppl 1991;481:158-62.
52. Kohut RI, Hinojosa R, Ryu JH. A temporal bone study method to evaluate clinical diagnostic criteria: permeability of patencies of the fissula ante fenestram. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1991;104:143-4.
53. Okano Y, Myers EN, Dickson DR. Microfissure between the round window niche and posterior canal ampulla. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1977;86:49-57.
54. Harada T, Sando I, Myers EN. Microfissure in the oval window area. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1981;90:174-80.
55. Sato H, Takahashi H, Sando I. Computer-aided three-dimensional reconstruction and measurement of microfissures. Am J Otol 1992;13:141-5.
56. Kamerer DB, Sando I, Hirsch B, Takagi A. Perilymph fistula resulting from microfissures. Am J Otol 1987;8:489-94.
57. Kohut RI, Hinojosa R, Thompson JN, Ryu JH. Idiopathic perilymphatic fistulas. A temporal bone histopathologic study with clinical, surgical, and histopathologic correlations. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1995;121:412-20.
58. Kohut RI, Hinojosa R, Howard G, Ryu JH. The accuracy of the clinical diagnosis (predictability) of patencies of the labyrinth capsule (perilymphatic fistulas): a clinical histopathologic study with statistical evaluations. Acta Otolaryngol Suppl (Stockh) 1995;520(Pt 1):235-7.
59. El Shazly MA, Linthicum FH Jr. Microfissures of the temporal bone: do they have any clinical significance? Am J Otol 1991;12:169-71.
60. Glasscock ME. The stapes gusher. Arch Otolaryngol 1973;98:82-91.
61. Ahlen G. On the connection between cerebrospinal and intralabyrinthine pressure and pressure variations in the inner ear. Acta Otolaryngol (Stockh) 1947;35:251-7.
62. Keith JC, Allen GW. Comparison of the perilymphatic and cerebrospinal fluid pressures. Arch Otolaryngol (Stockh) 1963;77:581-5.
63. Martinez DM. Simultaneous measurements of endolymphatic and perilymphatic fluid pressures before and during anaphylaxis and associated changes in cerebrospinal fluid, venous and arterial pressures. Acta Otolaryngol Suppl 1968;238:1-53.
64. Beentjes BI. The cochlear aqueduct and the pressure of cerebrospinal and endolabyrinthine fluids. Acta Otolaryngol (Stockh) 1972;73:112-20.
65. Allen GW. Fluid flow in the cochlear aqueduct and cochlea-hydrodynamic considerations in perilymph fistula, stapes gusher, and secondary endolymphatic hydrops. Am J Otol 1987;8:319-22.
66. Nomura Y. Otological significance of the round window. Adv Otorhinolaryngol 1984;33:112-25.
67. Sakikawa Y, Kobayashi H, Nomura Y. Changes in cerebrospinal fluid pressure in daily life. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1994;103:959-63.
68. Weider DJ, Saunders RL, Musiek FE. Repair of a cerebrospinal fluid perilymph fistula primarily through the middle ear and secondarily by occluding the cochlear aqueduct. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1991;105:35-9.
69. Carlborg B, Densert B, Densert O. Functional patency of the cochlear aqueduct. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1982;91:209-15.
70. Jackler RK, Hwang PH. Enlargement of the cochlear aqueduct: fact or fiction? Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1993;109:14-25.
71. Meyerhoff WL, Marple BF. Perilymphatic fistula. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 1994;27:411-26.
72. McCabe BF. Perilymph fistula: the Iowa experience to date. Am J Otol 1989;10:262.
73. Weider DJ, Johnson GD. Perilymphatic fistula: a New Hampshire experience. Am J Otol 1988;9:184-96.
74. Black FO, Pesznecker S, Norton T, et al. Surgical management of perilymphatic fistulas: a Portland experience. Am J Otol 1992;13:254-62.
75. Fitzgerald DC, Getson P, Brasseux CO. Perilymphatic fistula: a Washington, DC, experience. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1997;106:830-7.
76. Kohut RI. Perilymph fistulas. Clinical criteria. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1992;118:687-92.
77. Black FO, Pesznecker S, Norton T, et al. Surgical management of perilymph fistulas. A new technique. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1991;117:641-8.
78. Cole GG. Validity of spontaneous perilymphatic fistula. Am J Otol 1995;16:815-9.
79. Arenberg IK, Ackley RS, Ferraro J, Muchnik C. ECoG results in perilymphatic fistula: clinical and experimental studies. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1988;99:435-43.
80. Black FO, Lilly DJ, Nashner LM, Peterka RJ, Pesznecker SC. Quantitative diagnostic test for perilymph fistulas. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1987;96:125-34.
81. Glasscock ME, McKennan KX, Levine SC. Persistent traumatic perilymph fistulas. Laryngoscope 1987;97:860-4.
82. Fukaya T, Nomura Y. Audiological aspects of idiopathic perilymphatic fistula. Acta Otolaryngol Suppl 1988;456:68-73.
83. Hazell JW, Fraser JG, Robinson PJ. Positional audiometry in the diagnosis of perilymphatic fistula. Am J Otol 1992;13:263-9.
84. Campbell KC, Parnes L. Electrocochleographic recordings in chronic and healed perilymphatic fistula. J Otolaryngol 1992;21:213-7.
85. Aso S, Gibson WP. Perilymphatic fistula with no visible leak of fluid into the middle ear: a new method of intraoperative diagnosis using electrocochleography. Am J Otol 1994;15:96-100.
86. Wall CD, Casselbrant ML. System identification of perilymphatic fistula in an animal model. Am J Otol 1992;13:443-8.
87. Wall C III, Rauch SD. Perilymph fistula pathophysiology. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1995;112:145-53.
88. Supance JS, Bluestone CD. Perilymph fistulas in infants and children. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1983;91:663-71.
89. Vartiainen E, Nuutinen J, Karjalainen S, Nykanen K. Perilymph fistula-a diagnostic dilemma. J Laryngol Otol 1991;105:270-3.
90. Podoshin L, Fradis M, Ben-David J, Berger SI, Feiglin H. Perilymphatic fistula-the value of diagnostic tests. J Laryngol Otol 1994;108:560-3.
91. Ostrowski VB, Hain TC, Wiet RJ. Pressure-induced ocular torsion. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1997;123:646-9.
92. Wilson DF, Hodgson RS. Lidocaine in the middle ear. Laryngoscope 1990;100:1059-61.
93. Todd NW, Jackson RT. Oil-on-water: proposed method for intraoperative identification of perilymphatic fistula. Am J Otol 1995;16:539-42.
94. Davis RE. Diagnosis and management of perilymph fistula: the University of North Carolina approach. Am J Otol 1992;13:85-9.
95. Mer SB, Derbyshire AJ, Brushenko A, Pontarelli DA. Fiberoptic endotoscopes for examining the middle ear. Arch Otolaryngol 1967;85:387-93.
96. Edelstein DR, Magnan J, Parisier SC, et al. Microfiberoptic evaluation of the middle ear cavity. Am J Otol 1994;15:50-5.
97. Kimura H, Yamaguchi H, Cheng SS, et al. Direct observation of the tympanic cavity by the superfine fiberscope. Nippon Jibiinkoka Gakkai Kaiho 1989;92:233-8.
98. Takahashi H, Honjo I, Fujita A, Kurata K. Transtympanic endoscopic findings in patients with otitis media with effusion. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1990;116:1186-9.
99. Poe DS, Rebeiz EE, Pankratov MM. Evaluation of perilymphatic fistulas by middle ear endoscopy. Am J Otol 1992;13:529-33.
100. Ogawa K, Kanzaki J, Ogawa S, Tsuchihashi N, Inoue Y, Yamamoto M. Endoscopic diagnosis of idiopathic perilymphatic fistula. Acta Otolaryngol Suppl (Stockh) 1994;514:63-5.
101. Rosenberg SI, Silverstein H, Willcox TO, Gordon MA. Endoscopy in otology and neurotology. Am J Otol 1994;15:168-72.
102. Poe DS, Bottrill ID. Comparison of endoscopie and surgical explorations for perilymphatic fistulas. Am J Otol 1994;15:735-8.
103. Pyykko I, Selmani Z, Ramsay H. Middle ear imaging in neurotological work-up. Acta Otolaryngol Suppl 1995;520:273-6.
104. Gisselsson L. The passage of fluorescein sodium to the labyrinthine fluids. Acta Otolaryngol 1949;37:268-75.
105. Jako G, Weille FL, Palmer PE, Irwin JW. An experimental study of the dynamic circulation of the labyrinthine fluids. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1959;68:733-9.
106. Kirchner FR, Proud GO. Method for the identification and localization of cerebrospinal fluid, rhinorrhea and otorrhea. Laryngoscope 1960;70:921-31.
107. Rauch SD. Intrathecal fluorescein for intraoperative detection of perilymph fistula. Presented at the International Perilymph Fistula Conference, Portland, Oregon, September 1990.
108. Moseley JI, Carton CA, Stern WE. Spectrum of complications in the use of intrathecal fluorescein. J Neurosurg 1978;48:765-7.
109. Syms CA, Atkins JS, Murphy TP. Intravenous fluorescein for the detection of perilymph fistulae. Presented at the International Perilymph Fistula Conference, Portland, Oregon, September 1990.
110. Applebaum EL. Fluorescein kinetics in perilymph and blood: a fluorophotometric study. Laryngoscope 1982;92:660-71.
111. Poe DS, Gadre AK, Rebeiz EE, Pankratov MM. Intravenous fluorescein for detection of perilymphatic fistulas. Am J Otol 1993;14:51-5.
112. Bojrab DI, Bhansali SA. Fluorescein use in the detection of perilymphatic fistula: a study in cats. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1993;108:348-55.
113. Arenberg IK, Wu CM. Fluorescein as an easy, low-cost, indirect, or reverse intraoperative marker to rule out perilymph versus local injection. Am J Otol 1996;17:259-62.
114. Paugh DR, Telian SA, Disher MJ. Identification of perilymph proteins by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1991;104:517-25.
115. Thalmann I, Kohut RI, Ryu J, Comegys TH, Senarita M, Thalmann R. Protein profile of human perilymph: in search of markers for the diagnosis of perilymph fistula and other inner ear disease. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1994;111:273-80.
116. Thalmann I, Kohut RI, Ryu JH, Thalmann R. High resolution two-dimensional electrophoresis: technique and potential applicability to the study of inner ear disease. Am J Otol 1995;16:153-7.
117. Silverstein H. Rapid protein test for perilymph fistula. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1991;105:422-6.
118. Arrer E, Oberascher G, Gibitz HJ. Protein distribution in the human perilymph. A comparative study between perilymph (post mortem), CSF and blood serum. Acta Otolaryngol (Stockh) 1988;106:117-23.
119. Naiberg JB, Flemming E, Patterson M, Hawke M. The perilymphatic fistula: the end of an enigma? J Otolaryngol 1990;19:260-3.
120. Skedros DG, Cass SP, Hirsch BE, Kelly RH. Beta-2 transferrin assay in clinical management of cerebral spinal fluid and perilymphatic fluid leaks. J Otolaryngol 1993;22:341-4.
121. Skedros DG, Cass SP, Hirsch BE, Kelly RH. Sources of error in use of beta-2 transferrin analysis for diagnosing perilymphatic and cerebral spinal fluid leaks. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1993;109:861-4.
122. Weber PC, Kelly RH, Bluestone CD, Bassiouny M. Beta 2-transferrin confirms perilymphatic fistula in children. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1994;110:381-6.
123. Weber PC, Bluestone CD, Kenna MA, Kelley RH. Correlation of beta-2 transferrin and middle ear abnormalities in congenital perilymphatic fistula. Am J Otol 1995;16:277-82.
124. Levenson MJ, Desloge RB, Parisier SC. Beta-2 transferrin: limitations of use as a clinical marker for perilymph. Laryngoscope 1996;106:159-61.
125. Buchman CA, Luxford WM, Hirsch BE, Fucci MJ, Kelly RH. Beta-2 transferrin assay in the identification of perilymph. Abstr Am Otol Soc 1998;131:40.
126. Telian SA, Disher MJ, Sun Q, Andrews P. Biochemical markers for identification of human perilymph. Abstr Am Otol Soc 1998;131:39.
127. Zalzal GH, Shott SR, Towbin R, Cotton RT. Value of CT scan in the diagnosis of temporal bone diseases in children. Laryngoscope 1986;96:27-32.
128. Reilly JS. Congenital perilymphatic fistula: a prospective study in infants and children. Laryngoscope 1989;99:393-7.
129. Shusterman D, Handler SD, Marsh RR, Bilaniuk L, Tom LW. Usefulness of computed tomographic scan in the evaluation of sensorineural hearing loss in children. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1992;118:501-3.
130. Weissman JL, Weber PC, Bluestone CD. Congenital perilymphatic fistula: computed tomography appearance of middle ear and inner ear anomalies. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1994;111:243-9.
131. Lovblad KO, Ozdoba C, Negri S, et al. CT cisternography in congenital perilymphatic fistula of the inner ear. J Comput Assist Tomogr 1995;19:797-9.
132. Morris MS, Kil J, Carvlin MJ. Magnetic resonance imaging of perilymphatic fistula. Laryngoscope 1993;103:729-33.
133. Nomura Y. Perilymph fistula: concept, diagnosis and management. Acta Otolaryngol Suppl (Stockh) 1994;514:52-4.
134. Beecher HK. Surgery as placebo. A quantitative study of bias. JAMA 1961;176:1102-7.
135. Turner JA, Deyo RA, Loeser JD, Von Korff M, Fordyce WE. The importance of placebo effects in pain treatment and research. JAMA 1994;271:1609-14