Personal historical chronicle of six decades of basic and applied research in virology, immunology, and vaccinology

Immunological Reviews

Volumn 170, Issue , 1999, Pages 7-27

  Hilleman, Maurice R ^a  

^a MERCK RESEARCH LABORATORIES   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

VACCINE;

CELL CULTURE; CHICK EMBRYO; COWPOX VIRUS; HISTORY OF MEDICINE; MEDICAL RESEARCH; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SMALLPOX; VACCINATION;

ALLERGY AND IMMUNOLOGY; ANIMALS; AUTOBIOGRAPHY; HISTORY, 20TH CENTURY; HUMANS; UNITED STATES; VACCINES; VIROLOGY;

EID: 0032850852     PISSN: 01052896     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-065X.1999.tb01325.x     Document Type: Review

References (179)

1. 1. Plotkin MSLS, Plotkin SA. A short history of vaccination. In: Plotkin SA, Mortimer EA, eds. Vaccines. Philadelphia: Saunders; 1988. p. 1-7.
2. 2. Jenner E. An inquiry into the causes and effects of the variolae vaccinae. London: Low; 1798.
3. 3. Burke DS, Auzias-Turenne J-A. Louis Pasteur and early concepts of virulence attenuation and vaccination. Perspect Biol Med 1996;39:171-186.
4. 4. Enders JF, Weller TH, Robbins FC. Cultivation of the Lansing strain of poliomyelitis virus in cultures of various embryonic tissues. Science 1949;109:85-87.
5. 5. Austrian R. Pneumococcus, the first 100 years. Rev Infect Dis 1981;3:83-189.
6. 6. Hilleman MR. Immunological studies on the psittacosis lymphogranuloma group of viral agents. J Inf Dis 1945;76:96-114.
7. 7. Sabin AB. The St. Louis and Japanese B types of epidemic encephalitis. Development of noninfective vaccines: report of basic data. JAMA 1943;122:478-486.
8. 8. Hilleman MR, Nigg C. Studies on lymphogranuloma venereum complement-fixing antigens. III. The solubility in ether of an active fraction. J Immunol 1946;53:201-208.
9. 9. Hilleman MR, Nigg C. Studies on lymphogranuloma venereum complement-fixing antigens. IV. Fractionation with organic solvents of antigens of the psittacosis-lymphogranuloma venereum group. J Immunol 1948;59:349-364.
10. 10. Hilleman MR, Buescher EL, Smadel, JE. Preparation of dried antigen and antiserum for the agglutination-inhibition test for virus influenza. Public Health Rep 1951;66:1195-1203.
11. 11. Hilleman MR, Mason RP, Rogers NG. Laboratory studies on the 1950 outbreak of influenza. Public Health Rep 1950;65:771-777.
12. 12. Hilleman MR, Mason RP, Buescher EL. Antigenic pattern of strains of influenza A and B. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1950;75;829-835.
13. 13. Hilleman MR, Horsfall FL. Comparison of the antigenic patterns of influenza A virus strains determined by in ovo neutralization and hemagglutination-inhibition. J Immunol 1952;69;343-356.
14. 14. Hilleman MR. Antigenic variation of influenza viruses. Annu Rev Microbiol 1954;8:3111-1332.
15. 15. Hilleman MR, Werner JH, Gauld RL. Serological studies of influenza antibodies in the population of the United Stales. An epidemiological investigation. Bull World Health Organ 1953;8:613-631.
16. 16. Webster RG. Influenza viruses. In: Webster RG, Granoff A, eds. Encyclopedia of virology. Vol 2. New York: Academia Press; 1994. p. 709-727.
17. 17. Meyer HM Jr, Hilleman MR, Miesse ML, Crawford IP, Bankhead AS. New antigenic variant in Far East influenza epidemic, 1957. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1957;95:609-616.
18. 18. Hilleman MR. Status report on adenoviruses and Asian influenza. Military Med 1958;123:23-30.
19. 19. Hilleman MR, Flatley FJ, Anderson SA, Luecking ML, Levinson DJ. Antibody response in volunteers to Asian influenza vaccine. JAMA 1958;166:1134-1140.
20. 20. Hilleman MR, Werner JH Adair CV, Dreisbach AR. Outbreak of acute respiratory illness caused by RI-67 and influenza A viruses, Fort Leonard Wood, 1952-1953. Am J Hygiene 1955;61:163-173.
21. 21. Hilleman MR, Werner JH. Recovery of new agent from patients with acute respiratory illness. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1954;85:183-188.
22. 22. Hilleman MR, Werner JH, Dascomb HE, Butler RL. Epidemiological investigations with respiratory disease virus RI-67. Am J Public Health 1955;45:203-210.
23. 23. Dascomb HE, Hilleman MR. Clinical and laboratory studies in patients with respiratory disease caused by RI viruses. Am J Med 1956;21:161-174.
24. 24. Hilleman MR, Werner JH, Dascomb HE, Butler RL, Stewart MT. Epidemiology of RI (RI-67) group respiratory virus infections in recruit populations. Am J Hygiene 1955;62:29-43.
25. 25. Hilleman MR, Tousimis AJ, Werner JH. Biophysical characterization of RI (RI-67) viruses. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1955;89:587-593.
26. 26. Tousimis AJ, Hilleman MR. Electron microscopy of type 4 adenovirus strain RI-67. Virology 1957;4:499-508.
27. 27. Hilleman MR, Werner JH, Stewart MT. Grouping and occurrence of RI (prototype RI-67) viruses. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1955;90:555-562.
28. 28. Rowe WP, Huebner RJ, Gilmore LK, Parrou RH, Ward TG. Isolation of a cytopathic agent from human adenoids undergoing spontaneous degeneration in tissue culture. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1953;84:570-573.
29. 29. Enders JF, Bell JA, Dingle JH, Francis T Jr, Hilleman MR, Huebner RJ, Payne AM-M. "Adenoviruses": group name proposed for new respiratory tract viruses. Science 1956;124:119-120.
30. 30. Hilleman MR, Stallones RA, Gauld RL, Warfield MS, Anderson SA. Prevention of acute respiratory illness in recruits by adenovirus (RI-APC-ARD) vaccine. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1956;92:377-383.
31. 31. Hilleman MR, Warfield MS, Anderson SA, Werner JH. Adenovirus (RI-APC-ARD) vaccine for prevention of acute respiratory illness, 1. Vaccine development. JAMA 1957;163:4-9.
32. 32. Stallones RA, Hilleman MR, Gauld RL, Warfield MS, Anderson SA. Adenovirus (RI-APC-ARD) vaccine for prevention of acute respiratory illness. 2. Field evaluation. JAMA 1957;163:9-15.
33. 33. Hilleman MR, Greenberg JH, Warfield MS, Anderson SA, Glabere RR. Second field evaluation of bivalent type 4 & 7 adenovirus vaccine for prevention of acute respiratory disease in military recruits. AMA Arch Int Med 1958;102:428-436.
34. 34. Robbins FC. Polio - historical. In: Plotkin SA, Mortimer EA Jr, eds. Vaccines. Philadelphia: Saunders; 1988. p. 98-114.
35. 35. Enders JF, Katz SL, Holloway A. Studies on an attenuated measles-virus vaccine. I. Development and preparation of the vaccine: technics for assay of effects of vaccination. N Engl J Med 1960;263:153-159.
36. 36. Katz SL, Enders JF, Holloway A. Studies on an attenuated measles-virus vaccine. II. Clinical virologic and immunologic effects of vaccine in institutionalized children. N Engl J Med 1960;263:159-161.
37. 37. Reilly CM, Stokes J Jr, Buynak EB, Goldner H, Hilleman MR. Living attenuated measles virus vaccine in early infancy. N Engl J Med 1961;265:165-169.
38. 38. Stokes J Jr, Hilleman MR, Weibel RE, Buynak EB, Halenda R, Goldner H. Efficacy of live attenuated measles virus vaccine given with human immune globulin. A preliminary report. N Engl J Med 1961;265:507-513.
39. 39. Stokes J Jr, Weibel R, Halenda R, Reilly CM, Hilleman MR. Studies of live attenuated measles virus vaccine in man. 1. Clinical aspects. Am J Public Health 1962;52:29-43.
40. 40. Hilleman MR, Stokes J Jr, Buynak EB, Weibel R, Halenda R, Goldner H. Studies of live attenuated measles virus in man. 2. Appraisal of efficacy. Am J Public Health 1962:52:44-56.
41. 41. Hughes WF. Watanabe DH, Rubin H. The development of a chicken flock apparently free of leukosis virus. Avian Dis 1963;7:154-165.
42. 42. Hilleman MR, Buynak EB, Weibel RE, Stokes J Jr, Whitman JE Jr, Leagus MB. Development and evaluation of the Moraten measles virus vaccine. JAMA 1968;206:587-590.
43. 43. Buynak EB, Hilleman MR. Live attenuated mumps virus vaccine 1. Vaccine development. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1966;123:768-775.
44. 44. Stokes J Jr, Weibel RE, Buynak EB, Whitman JE Jr, Hilleman MR. Live attenuated mumps virus vaccine. 2. Early clinical studies. Pediatrics 1967;39:363-371.
45. 45. Weibel RE, Stokes J Jr, Buynak EB, Whitman JE Jr, Hilleman MR. Live attenuated mumps virus vaccine. 3. Clinical and serologic aspects in field evaluation. N Engl J Med 1967;276:245-251.
46. 46. Hilleman MR, Weibel RE, Buynak EB, Stokes J Jr, Whitman JE. Live attenuated mumps virus vaccine. 4. Protective efficacy measured in field evaluation. N Engl J Med 1967;276:252-258.
47. 47. Weller TH, Neva FA. Propagation in tissue culture of cytopathic agents from patients with rubella-like illness. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1962;111:215-225.
48. 48. Parkman PD, Buescher EL, Artenstein MS. Recovery of rubella virus from Army recruits. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1962;111:225-230.
49. 49. Buynak EB, Larson VM, McAleer WJ, Mascoli CC, Hilleman MR. Preparation and testing of duck embryo cell culture rubella vaccine. Am J Dis Child 1969;118:347-354.
50. 50. Weibel RE, Stokes J Jr, Buynak EB, Whitman JE Jr, Leagus MB, Hilleman MR. Live attenuated rubella virus vaccines prepared in duck embryo cell culture: II. Clinical tests in families and in an institution. JAMA 1968;205:554-558.
51. 51. Buynak EB, Hilleman MR, Weibel RE, Stokes J Jr. Live attenuated rubella virus vaccines prepared in duck embryo cell culture. I. Development and clinical testing. JAMA 1968;204:195-200.
52. 52. Hilleman MR, Buynak EB, Weibel RE, Stokes J Jr. Current concepts. Live attenuated rubella-virus vaccine. N Engl J Med 1968;279:300-303.
53. 53. Stokes J Jr, Weibel RE, Buynak EB, Hilleman MR. Clinical-laboratory findings in adult women given HPV-77 rubella vaccine. International Symposium on Rubella Vaccines London 1968. Symp Series Immunobiol Standard 1969;11:415-422.
54. 54. Stokes J Jr, Weibel RE, Buynak EB, Hilleman MR. Protective efficacy of duck embryo rubella vaccines. Pediatrics 1969;44:217-224.
55. 55. Weibel RE, Stokes J Jr, Buynak EB, Hilleman MR. Live rubella vaccines in adults and children. HPV-77 and Merck-Benoit strains. Am J Dis Child 1969;118:226-229.
56. 56. Hilleman MR, Buynak EB, Whitman JE Jr, Weibel RE, Stokes J Jr. Live attenuated rubella virus vaccines. Experiences with duck embryo cell preparations. Am J Dis Child 1969;118:166-171.
57. 57. Buynak EB, Weibel RE, Whitman JE Jr, Stokes J Jr, Hilleman MR. Combined live measles mumps and rubella virus vaccines. JAMA 1969;207:2259-2262.
58. 58. Stokes J Jr, Weibel RE, Villarejos VM, Arguedas G JA, Buynak EB, Hilleman MR. Trivalent combined measles-mumps-rubella (M-M-R) vaccine. Findings in clinical-laboratory studies. JAMA 1971;218:57-61.
59. 59. Hilleman MR, et al. Combined live virus vaccines. PAHO Sci Publ 1971;226:397-400.
60. 60. Weibel RE, Stokes J Jr, Buynak EB, Hilleman MR, Grunmeier PW. Clinical-laboratory experiences with combined dried live measles-smallpox vaccine. Pediatrics 1966;37:913-920.
61. 61. Kalabus F, Sansarricq H, Lambin P, Proulx J, Hilleman MR. Standardization and mass application of combined live measles smallpox vaccine in Upper Volta. Am J Epidemiol 1967;86:93-111.
62. 62. Hilleman MR. The development of live attenuated mumps virus vaccine in historic perspective and its role in the evolution of combined M-M-R. In: Plotkin S, Fantini B, eds. Vaccinia vaccination and vaccinology: Jenner Pasteur and their successors. Paris: Elsevier; 1996. p. 283-292.
63. 63. Hilleman MR. Combined measles mumps and rubella vaccines. In: Ellis RW, ed. Combination vaccines: from clinical research to approval. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press; 1999. p. 197-211.
64. 64. Report to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Cost benefit analysis of the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine. Arlington, VA: Battelle; 1994.
65. 65. Neff BJ, et al. Clinical and laboratories studies of KMcC strain live attenuated varicella virus. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1981;166:339-347.
66. 66. Takahashi M, Asano Y, Kamiya H, Baba K. Varicella vaccine: case studies. Microbiol Sci 1985;2:249-254.
67. 67. Weibel RE, et al. Live attenuated varicella virus vaccine. Efficacy trial in healthy children. N Engl J Med 1984;310:1409-1415.
68. 68. Okazaki W, Purchase HG, Burmester BR. Protection against Marck's disease by vaccination with a herpesvirus of turkeys. Avian Dis 1970;14:413-429.
69. 69. Hilleman MR. Marck's disease vaccine. Its implication in biology and medicine. Avian Dis 1972;16:191-199.
70. 70. Hilleman MR. Prospects for vaccines against cancer. In: Kurstak E, Maramorosch K, eds. Viruses, Evolution, and Cancer. Basic Considerations. New York; Academic Press; 1974. p. 549-560.
71. 71. Salk J, Drucker J. Noninfectious poliovirus vaccine. In: Plotkin SA, Mortimer EA, eds. Vaccines. Philadelphia: Saunders; 1988. p. 158-181.
72. 72. Melnick JL. Live attenuated poliovaccines. In: Plotkin SA, Mortimer EA, eds. Vaccines. Philadelphia: Saunders; 1988. p. 115-157.
73. 73. Hilleman MR, et al. Investigation into the development and clinical testing of a poliomyelitis vaccine containing standardized amounts of purified poliomyelitis virus antigens. Acad Med N J Special Bull 1960;6:1-31.
74. 74. Charney J, Tytell AA, Machlowitz. RA, Hilleman MR. Development of a purified poliomyelitis virus vaccine. JAMA 1961;177:591-595.
75. 75. Hull RN. The Simian viruses. In; Gard S, Hallauer C, Meyer KF, eds. Virology monographs. New York: Springer-Verlag; 1968. p. 2-66.
76. 76. Sweet BH, Hilleman MR. 6. Detection of a "non-detectable" simian virus (vacuolating agent) present in rhesus and cynomolgus monkey-kidney cell culture material. A preliminary report. Second International Conference on Live Poliovirus Vaccines, Pan American Health Organization and the World Health Organization, Washington DC, 6-7 Jun 1960. p. 79-85.
77. 77. Sweet BH, Hilleman MR. The vacuolating virus, SV.40. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1960;105:420-427.
78. 40) and its relationship to poliomyelitis virus vaccines. Dev Biol Stand 1998;94:183-190.
79. 40. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1962;109:649-660.
80. 40. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1963;112:662-667.
81. 40 virus tumorigenesis using irradiated homologous tumor antigen. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1964;117:851-857.
82. 82. Levine A. The origins of the small DNA tumor viruses. Adv Cancer Res 1994;65:141-148.
83. 83. Butel JS. Simian virus 40. In: Webster RG, Granoff A, eds. Encyclopedia of Virology. New York: Harcourt Brace; 1994. p. 1322-1329.
84. 84. Woodhour AF, Metzgar DP, Lampson GP, Machlowitz RA, Tytell AA, Hilleman MR. New metabolizable immunologic adjuvant for human use. 4. Development of highly purified influenza virus vaccine in adjuvant 65. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1966;123:778-782.
85. 85. Woodhour AF, Metzgar DP, Stim TB, Tytell AA, Hilleman MR. New metabolizable immunologic adjuvant for human use. 1. Development and animal immune response. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1964;116:516-523.
86. 86. Peck HM, Woodhour AF, Metzgar DP, McKinney SE, Hilleman MR. New metabolizable immunologic adjuvant for human use. 2. Short-term animal toxicity tests. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1964;116:523-530.
87. 87. Stokes J Jr, Weibel RE, Woodhour AF, McAleer WJ, Potkonski LA, Hilleman MR. New metabolizable immunologic adjuvant for human use. 9. Large-scale trials with multiple lots in different regimens. JAMA 1969;207:2067-2072.
88. 88. Hilleman MR, Buynak EB, Roehm RR, Tytell AA, Bertland AU, Lampson GP. Purified and inactivated human hepatitis B vaccine. Progress report. Am J Med Sci 1975;270:401-404.
89. 89. Buynak EB, Roehm RR, Tytell AA, Bertland AU, Lampson GP, Hilleman MR. Vaccine against human hepatitis B. JAMA 1976:235;2832-2834.
90. 90. Hilleman MR, et al. Clinical and laboratory studies of hepatitis B surface antigen vaccine. In: Vyas GN, Cohen SN, Schmid R, eds. Viral Hepatitis. Philadelphia: Franklin Institute Press; 1978. p. 525-537.
91. 91. Hilleman MR, Buynak EB, McAleer WJ, McLean AA, Tytell AA. Purified human hepatitis B vaccine. In: Bianchi L, Gerok W, Sickinger K, Stalder GA, eds. Virus and the liver. London: MTP Press; 1979. p. 389-395.
92. 91. Hilleman MR, Buynak EB, McAleer WJ, McLean AA, Provost PJ, Tytell AA. Hepatitis A and hepatitis B vaccines. In: Szmuness W, Alter HJ, Maynard J, eds. Viral Hepatitis 1981 International Symposium. Philadelphia: The Franklin Institute Press; 1982. p. 385-397.
93. 93. Szmuness W, Stevens CE, Zang EA, Harley EJ, Kellner A. A Controlled clinical trial of the efficacy of the hepatitis B vaccine (Heptavax B): A final report. Hepatology 1981;1:377-385.
94. 94. Valenzuela P, Medina A, Rutter WJ, Ammerer G, Hall BD. Synthesis and assembly of hepatitis B virus surface antigen particles in yeast. Nature 1982;298:347-350.
95. 95. McAleer WJ, Buynak EB, Maigetter RZ, Wampler DE, Miller WJ, Hilleman MR. Human hepatitis B vaccine from recombinant yeast. Nature 1984;307:178-180.
96. 96. Hilleman MR. Yeast recombinant hepatitis B vaccine. Infection 1987;15:2-6.
97. 97. Hilleman MR, Weibel RE, Scolnick EM. Recombinant yeast human hepatitis B vaccine. J Hong Kong Med Assoc 1985;37:75-85.
98. 98. Hilleman MR. Line cell saga: An argument in favor of production of biologics in cancer cells. In: Petricciani JC, Hopps HE, Chapple PJ, eds. Advances in Exp Med Biol series. New York: Plenum Publishing; 1979. p. 47-58.
99. 99. McAleer WJ, et al. Production of purified hepatitis B surface antigen from Alexander hepatoma cells grown in artificial capillary units. J Virol Methods 1983;7:263-271.
100. 100. McAleer WJ, et al. Vaccine against human hepatitis B virus prepared from antigen derived from human hepatoma cells in culture. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1984;175:314-319.
101. 101. Hilleman MR, et al. Control of hepatitis B virus infection: vaccines produced from Alexander cell line and from recombinant yeast cell cultures. In: Vyas GN, Dienstag J, Hoofnagle J, eds. Viral hepatitis and liver disease. Orlando: Grune & Stratton; 1984. 307-314.
102. 102. Hilleman MR. History precedent and progress in the development of mammalian cell culture systems for preparing vaccines. Safety considerations revisited. J Med Virol 1990;31:5-12.
103. 103. Hilleman MR. Plasma-derived hepatitis B vaccine - A breakthrough in preventive medicine. In: Ellis RW, eds. Hepatitis B Vaccines in Clinical Practice. New York: Marcel Dekker; 1979. p. 17-39.
104. 104. Hilleman MR. Immunology vaccinology and pathogenesis of hepatitis B. In: Koprowski H, Oldstone MBA, eds. Microbe hunters then and now. Bloomington, IL: Medi-Ed Press; 1996. p. 221-233.
105. 105. Hilleman MR. Three decades of hepatitis vaccinology in historic perspective. A paradigm of successful pursuits. In: Plotkin S, Fantini B, eds. Vaccinia vaccination and vaccinology: Jenner Pasteur and their successors. Paris: Elsevier; 1996. p. 199-209.
106. 106. Mascoli CC, Ittensohn OL, Villarejos VM, Arguedas G JA, Provost PJ, Hilleman MR. Recovery of hepatitis agents in the marmoset from human cases occurring in Costa Rica. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1973;142:276-282.
107. 107. Provost PJ, Ittensohn OL, Villarejos VM, Arguedas G JA, Hilleman MR. Etiologic relationship of marmoset propagated CR326 hepatitis A virus to hepatitis in man. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1973;142:1257-1267.
108. 108. Deinhardt F, Holmes AW, Capps RB, Popper H. Studies on the transmission of human hepatitis to marmoset monkeys. I. Transmission of disease serial passage and description of liver lesions. J Exp Med 1967;125:673-678.
109. 109. Simons JN, et al. Identification of two flavivirus-like genomes in the GB hepatitis agent. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1995;91:3401-3405.
110. 110. Hilleman MR, Provost PJ, Miller WJ, Villarejos VM, Ittensohn OL, McAleer WJ. Immune adherence and complement-fixation tests for human hepatitis A. Diagnostic and epidemiologic investigations. Dev Biol Stand 1975;30:383-389.
111. 111. Hilleman MR, Provost PJ, Wolanski BS, Miller WJ, Ittensohn OL, McAleer WJ. Characterization of CR326 human hepatitis A virus, a probable enterovirus. Dev Biol Stand 1975;30:418-424.
112. 112. Provost PJ, Wolanski BS, Miller WJ, Ittensohn OL, McAleer WJ, Hilleman MR. Physical, chemical and morphologic dimension of human hepatitis A virus strain CR326. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1975;148:532-539.
113. 113. Provost PJ, Wolanski BS, Miller WJ, Ittensohn OL, McAleer WJ, Hilleman MR. Biophysical and biochemical properties of CR326 human hepatitis A virus. Am J Med Sci 1975;270:87-92.
114. 114. Provost P, Hilleman MR. An inactivated hepatitis A virus vaccine prepared from infected marmoset liver. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1978;159:201-203.
115. 115. Provost PJ, Hilleman MR. Propagation of human hepatitis A virus in cell culture in vitro. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1979;160:213-221.
116. 116. Provost PJ, Banker FS, Giesa PA, McAleer WJ, Buynak EB, Hilleman MR. Progress toward a live attenuated human hepatitis A vaccine. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1982;170:8-14.
117. 117. Provost PJ, et al. New findings in live attenuated hepatitis A vaccine development. J Med Virol 1986:20:165-175.
118. 118. Midthun K. et al. Safety and immunogenicity of a live attenuated hepatitis A virus vaccine in seronegative volunteers. J Infect Dis 1991;163;735-739.
119. 119. Midthun K, et al. Safety and immunogenicity of a live attenuated hepatitis A virus vaccine in seronegative volunteers. J Infect Dis 1992;327:453-457.
120. 110. Provost PJ, Hughes JV, Miller WJ, Giesa PA, Banker FS, Emini EA. An inactivated hepatitis A viral vaccine of cell culture origin. J Med Virol 1986;19:23-31.
121. 121. Lewis JA, et al. Use of a live attenuated hepatitis A vaccine to prepare a highly purified formalin inactivated hepatitis A vaccine. In: Hollinger FB, Lemon SM, Margolis H, eds. Viral hepatitis and liver disease. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins; 1991. p. 94-97.
122. 122. Werzberger A, et al. A controlled trial of formalin-inactivated hepatitis A vaccine in healthy children. N Engl J Med 1992;327:453-457.
123. 123. Hilleman MR. Hepatitis and hepatitis a vaccine: a glimpse of history. J Hepatol 1993;18: S5-S10.
124. 124. Hilleman MR. New inactivated vaccine against hepatitis A. Development evaluation and use. In: Oon C-J, Aw S-E, eds. Proceedings of the Symposium on Highlights of Viral Hepatitis and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Research. Singapore: Harper Press (Pte) Ltd; 1993. p. 86-95.
125. 125. Hilleman MR, Calandra GB, Hesley TM, Nalin DR, Ryan JL, West DJ. Vaccines against hepatitis A and B. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1993;8: S21-S26.
126. 126. Gotschlich EC, Liu TY, Artenstein MS. Human immunity to the meningococcus. III. Preparation and immunochemical properties of the group A group B and group C meningococcal polysaccharides. J Exp Med 1969;129:1349-1365.
127. 127. Weibel RE, Villarejos VM, Vella PP, Woodhour AF, McLean AA, Hilleman MR. Clinical and laboratory investigations of monovalent and combined meningococcal polysaccharide vaccines Groups A and C. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1976;153:436-440.
128. 128. Lepow ML. Meningococcal vaccines. In: Plotkin SA, Mortimer EA Jr, eds. Vaccines. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Saunders; 1994. p. 503-515.
129. 129. Fedson DS. Pneumococcal vaccine. In: Plotkin SA, Mortimer EA, eds. Vaccines. Philadelphia: Saunders; 1988. p. 271-299
130. 130. Heidelberger M, MacLeod CM, diLapi MM. The human antibody response to simultaneous injection of six specific polysaccharides of Pneumococcus. J Exp Med 1948;88:369-372.
131. 131. Smit P, Oberholzer D, Hayden-Smith S, Koornhof HJ, Hilleman MR. Protective efficacy of pneumococcal vaccines. JAMA 1977;238:2613-2616.
132. 132. Austrian R, et al. Prevention of pneumococcal pneumonia by vaccination. Trans Assoc Am Physicians 1976;89:184-189.
133. 133. Hilleman MR. The role of industry in the development of new biologicals. Bull World Health Organ 1977;55:31-33.
134. 134. Hilleman MR, McLean AA. Vella PP, Weibel RE, Woodhour AF. Polyvalent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccines. Bull World Health Organ 1978;56;371-375.
135. 135. Hilleman MR, McLean AA, Vella PP, Weibel RE, Woodhour AF. Polyvalent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccines. J Infect 1979;1:1-16.
136. 136. Hilleman MR, Woodhour AF, Weibel RE, Vella PP, McLean AA, Carlson AJ. Vaccination against pneumococcal infections. In: Lambert HP, Caldwell ADS, eds. Pneumonia and pneumococcal infections. Royal Soc Med Intl Congr, Symp Series 27. London: Academic Press; 1980. p. 67-85.
137. 137. Hilleman MR, Carlson AJ Jr, McLean AA, Vella PP, Weibel RE, Woodhour AF. Streptococcus pneumoniae polysaccharide vaccine: age and dose responses safety persistence of antibody revaccination and simultaneous administration of pneumococcal and influenza vaccines. Rev Infect Dis 1981;3: S31-S42.
138. 138. Tai JY, et al. Haemophilus influenzae Type b polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccine. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1987;184:154-161.
139. 139. Santosham M, et al. The efficacy in Navajo infants of a conjugate vaccine consisting of Haemophilus influenzae type b polysaccharide and Neisseria meningitidis outer-membrane protein complex. N Engl J Med 1991;324:1767-1772.
140. 140. Hilleman MR, et al. Acute respiratory illnesses among children and adults. Field study of contemporary importance of several viruses and appraisal of the literature. JAMA 1961;180:445-453.
141. 141. Hilleman M R. Respiratory viruses and respiratory virus vaccines. Am Rev Resp Dis 1963;87:165-180.
142. 142. Woodhour AF, et al. Respiratory virus vaccines. 4. Heptavalent RS-parainfluenza-mycoplasma-influenza vaccine in institutionalized persons. Am Rev Resp Dis 1966;94:350-361.
143. 143. Weibel RE, Stokes J Jr, Leagus MB, Mascoli CC, Hilleman MR. Respiratory virus vaccines. 5. Field evaluation for efficacy of heptavalent vaccine. Am Rev Resp Dis 1966;94:362-379.
144. 144. Leagus MB, Weibel RE, Mascoli CC, Stokes J Jr, Hilleman MR. Respiratory virus vaccines. 6. Serological responses to heptavalent vaccine among young children in families. Am Rev Resp Dis 1967;95:838-844.
145. 145. Hilleman MR, et al. Development and field evaluation of combined polyvalent respiratory virus vaccine. PAHO Sci Publ 1966;147:141-154.
146. 146. Weibel RE, et al. Respiratory virus vaccines. 7. Field evaluation of RS parainfluenza 1, 2, 3 and Mycoplasma pneumoniae vaccines, 1965-66. Am Rev Resp Dis 1967;6:724-739.
147. 147. Vella PP, et al. Respiratory virus vaccines. VIII. Field evaluation of trivalent parainfluenza virus vaccines among preschool children in families, 1967-68. Am Rev Resp Dis 1969;99:526-541.
148. 148. McClelland L, Hampil B, Hamparian VV, Potash L, Ketler A, Hilleman MR. Laboratory and field investigations of bovine Myxovirus parainfluenza 3 virus and vaccine. II. Development and appraisal of potency of SF-4 (shipping fever) virus vaccine. J Immunol 1961;87:134-138.
149. 149. Hamparian VV, Washko FV, Ketler A, Hilleman MR. Laboratory and field investigations of bovine Myxovirus parainfluenza 3 virus and vaccine. III. Evaluation of an SF 4 (shipping fever) virus vaccine in cattle. J Immunol 1961;87:139-146.
150. 150. Buynak EB, Weibel RE, McLean AA, Hilleman MR. Live respiratory syncytial virus vaccine administered parenterally. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1978;157:636-642.
151. 151. Hilleman MR. Present knowledge of the rhinovirus group of viruses. Ergebnisse der Mikrobiologie Immunitatsforschun und Experimentellen Therapie. Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag; 1967. p. 1-22.
152. 152. Pelon W. Classification of the "2060" virus as ECHO 28 and further studies of its properties. Am J Hygiene 1961;73:36-54.
153. 153. Tyrrell DAJ, Bynoe ML. Some further virus isolations from common colds. Br Med J 1961;5223:393-397.
154. 154. Hamparian VV, Ketler A, Hilleman MR. Recovery of new viruses (coryzavirus) from cases of common cold in human adults. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1961;103:444-453.
155. 155. Ketler A, Hamparian VV, Hilleman MR. Characterization and classification of ECHO 28-rhinovirus-coryzavirus agents. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1962;110:821-831.
156. 156. Hamparian VV, Ketler A, Hilleman MR. The ECHO 28-rhinovirus-coryzavirus (ERC) group of viruses. Conference on Newer Respiratory Viruses. Am Rev Resp Dis 1963;88:269-273.
157. 157. Hamparian VV, Leagus MB, Hilleman MR. Additional rhinovirus serotypes. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1964;116:976-984.
158. 158. Mascoli CC, Leagus MB, Hilleman MR, Weibel RE, Stokes J Jr. Rhinovirus infection in nursery and kindergarten children. New rhinovirus serotype 54. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1967;124:845-850.
159. 159. Tyrrell DAJ, Chanock RM. Rhinoviruses: a description. Science 1963;141:152-153.
160. 160. Hamparian VV, Leagus MB, Hilleman MR, Stokes J Jr. Epidemiologic investigations of rhinovirus infections. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1964;117:469-476.
161. 161. Mascoli CC, Leagus MB, Weibel RE, Stokes J Jr, Reinhard H, Hilleman MR. Attempt at immunization by oral feeding of live rhinoviruses in enteric-coated capsules. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1966;121:1264-1268.
162. 162. Isaacs A, Lindenmann J. Virus interference. 1. The interferons. Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 1957;147:258-267.
163. 163. Lampson GP, Tytell AA, Nemes MM, Hilleman MR. Purification and characterization of chick embryo interferon. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1963;112:468-478.
164. 164. Lampson GP, Tytell AA, Nemes MM, Hilleman MR. Characterization of chick embryo interferon induced by a DNA virus. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1965;118:441-448.
165. 165. Hilleman MR. Immunologic chemotherapeutic and interferon approaches to control of viral disease. Am J Med 1965;38:751-766.
166. 166. Hilleman MR. Interferon induction and utilization. J Cell Physiol 1968;71:43-60.
167. 167. Hilleman MR, Tytell AA. Poly I: C induction of interferon and resistance to viral infections. Sci Am 1971;224:26-31.
168. 168. Tytell AA, Lampson GP, Field AK, Hilleman MR. Inducers of interferon and host resistance. III. Double-stranded RNA from reovirus type 3 virions (Reo 3-RNA). Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1967;58:1719-1722.
169. 169. Field AK, Lampson GP, Tytell AA, Nemes MM, Hilleman MR. Inducers of interferon and host resistance. IV. Double-stranded replicative form RNA (MS2-RF-RNA) from E. coli infected with MS2 coliphage. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1967;58:2102-2108.
170. 170. Lampson GP, Tytell AA, Field AK, Nemes MM, Hilleman MR. Inducers of interferon and host resistance. I. Double-stranded RNA from extracts of Penicillium funiculosum. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1967;58:782-789.
171. 171. Field AK, Tytell AA, Lampson GP, Hilleman MR. Inducers of interferon and host resistance. II. Multistranded synthetic polynucleotide complexes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1967;58:1004-1010.
172. 172. Field AK, Tytell AA, Lampson GP, Hilleman MR. Inducers of interferon and host resistance. V. In vitro studies. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 1968;61:340-346.
173. 173. Hilleman MR. Double-stranded RNA's (poly I: C) in the prevention of viral infection. Arch Intern Med 1970;126:109-124.
174. 174. Hilleman MR. Some preclinical studies in animal models with double-stranded RNA's. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1970;173:623-628.
175. 175. Hilleman MR, et al. Double-stranded RNA's in relation to interferon induction and adjuvant activity In: Beers RF, Braun W, eds. Biological Effects of Polynucleotides. New York: Springer-Verlag; 1971. p. 27-44.
176. 176. Field AK, et al. Induction of interferon in human subjects by poly I: C. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1971;136:1180-1186.
177. 177. Sen GC, Ransohoff RM. Introduction to the interferon system. In: Sen GC, Ransohoff RM, eds. Transcriptional regulation in the interferon system. Austin: Landes Biosciences; 1997. p. 1-7.
178. 178. Hilleman MR. The business of science and the science of business in the quest for an AIDS vaccine. Vaccine 1999;17:1211-1222.
179. 179. Hilleman MR. Six decades of vaccine development - A personal history. Nat Med 1998;4: (Suppl) 507-514.