Developing better paediatric vaccines: The case of pertussis vaccine

BioDrugs

Volumn 12, Issue 3, 1999, Pages 175-191

  Halperin, Scott A ^a  

^a DALHOUSIE UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DIPHTHERIA PERTUSSIS TETANUS VACCINE; HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE TYPE B VACCINE; HEMAGGLUTININ; HEPATITIS B VACCINE; INACTIVATED VACCINE; PERTUSSIS VACCINE; POLIOMYELITIS VACCINE; TOXOID;

ANTIBODY RESPONSE; BORDETELLA PERTUSSIS; CHILD; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG SAFETY; FIMBRIA; HUMAN; IMMUNOGENICITY; INFANT; PERTUSSIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SIDE EFFECT; VACCINE PRODUCTION;

EID: 0032846671     PISSN: 11738804     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2165/00063030-199912030-00002     Document Type: Review

References (117)

1. Medical Research Council. The prevention of whooping-cough by vaccination. BMJ 1951; 1: 1463-71
2. Miller JJ, Silverberg RJ, Sarto TM, et al. An aggultinative reaction for Hemophilus pertussis. J Pediatr 1943; 22: 644-51
3. Nobel GR, Bernier RH, Esber EC, et al. Acellular and whole-cell pertussis vaccines in Japan. JAMA 1987; 257: 1351-6
4. Romanus V, Jonsell R, Bergquist SO. Pertussis in Sweden after the cessation of general immunization in 1979. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1987; 6: 364-71
5. Kimura M, Kuno-Sakai H. Pertussis vaccines in Japan. Acta Paediatr Jpn 1988; 30 (2): 143-53
6. Sato Y, Kimura M, Fukumi H. Development of a pertussis component vaccine in Japan. Lancet 1984; 1: 122-6
7. Aoyama T, Hagiwara S, Murase Y, et al. Adverse reactions and antibody responses to acellular pertussis vaccine. J Pediatr 1986; 109 (6): 925-30
8. Kuno-Sakai H, Kimura M, Sato Y, et al. Serum anti-PT and anti-FHA antibody levels, and agglutinin tilers after administration of acellular pertussis vaccines. Acta Paediatr Jpn 1989; 31 (2): 120-6
9. Isomura S. Efficacy and safety of acellular pertussis vaccine in Aichi Prefecture, Japan. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1988; 7 (4): 258-62
10. Aovama T, Murase Y, Kato T, et al. Efficacy of an acellular pertussis vaccine in Japan. J Pediatr 1985; 107 (2): 180-3
11. Kimura M, Hikino N. Results with a new DTP vaccine in Japan. Dev Biol Stand 1985; 61: 545-61
12. Aoyama T, Murase Y, Kato M, et al. Efficacy and immunogenicity of acellular pertussis vaccine by manufacturer and patient age. Am J Dis Child 1989; 143: 655-9
13. Aoyama T, Murase Y, Gonda T, et al. Type-specific efficacy of acellular pertussis vaccine. AJDC 1988; 142 (1): 40-2
14. Aoyama T, Iwata T, Iwai H, et al. Efficacy of acellular pertussis vaccine in young infants [published erratum appears in J Infect Dis 1993 Mar; 167 (3): 788]. J Infect Dis 1993; 167 (2): 483-6
15. WHO meeting on case definition of pertussis, Geneva, January 10 to 11, et al. MIM/EPI/PERT/91.1. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1991 Jan 10-11
16. Olin P. Commentary: the best acellular pertussis vaccines are multicomponent. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1997; 16 (5): 517-9
17. Chazono M, Yoshida J, Konobe T, et al. The purification and characterization of an acellular pertussis vaccine. J Biol Stand 1988; 16 (2): 83-9
18. Blennow M, Granström M, Jäätmaa E, et al. Primary immunization of infants with an acellular pertussis vaccine in a double-blind randomized clinical trial. Pediatrics 1988; 82: 293-9
19. Blennow M, Granström M. Adverse reactions and serologic response to a booster dose of acellular pertussis vaccine in children immunized with acellular or whole-cell vaccine as infants. Pediatrics 1989; 84: 62-7
20. Blennow M, Granstrom M. Sixteen-month follow-up of antibodies to pertussis toxin after primary immunization with acellular or whole cell vaccine. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1989; 8 (9): 621-5
21. Hedenskog S, Granstrom M, Olin P, et al. A clinical trial of a mo2ocomponent pertussis toxoid vaccine. AJDC 1987; 141 (8): 844-7
22. Blennow M, Hedenskog S, Granstrom M. Protective effect of acellular pertussis vaccines. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1988; 7 (3): 381-3
23. Ad Hoc Group for the Study of Pertussis Vaccines. Placebo-controlled trial of two acellular pertussis vaccines in Sweden: protective efficacy and adverse events. Lancet 1988; 1: 955-60
24. Storsacter J, Blackwelder WC, Hallander HO. Pertussis antibodies, protection, and vaccine efficacy after household exposure. AJDC 1992; 146 (2): 167-72
25. Storsacter J, Hallander H, Farrington CP, et al. Secondary analyses of the efficacy of two acellular pertussis vaccines evaluated in a Swedish phase III trial. Vaccine 1990; 8 (5): 457-61
26. Storsacter J, Olin P. Relative efficacy of two acellular pertussis vaccines during three years of passive surveillance. Vaccine 1992; 10 (3): 142-4
27. Rothstein EP, Kamiya H, Nii R, et al. Comparison of diphtheria-tetanus-two component acellular pertussis vaccines in United States and Japanese infants at 2, 4, and 6 months of age. Pediatrics 1996; 97 (2): 236-42
28. Pichichero ME, Francis AB, Blatter MM, et al. Acellular pertussis vaccination of 2-month-old infants in the United States. Pediatrics 1992; 89: 882-7
29. Feldman S, Perry CS, Andrew M, et al. Comparison of acellular (B type) and whole-cell pertussis-component diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccines as the first booster immunization in 15- to 24-month old children. J Pediatr 1992; 121: 857-61
30. Marcmak JF, Ward M, Frank AL, et al. Comparison of the safety and immunogenicity of acellular (BIKEN) and whole-cell pretussis vaccines in 15- to 20-month-old children. AJDC 1993; 147: 290-4
31. Bernstein HH, Rothstein EP, Pichichero ME, et al. Clinical reactions and immunogenicity of the BIKEN acellular diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis vaccine in 4- through 6-year-old US children. AJDC 1992; 146: 556-9
32. Pichichero ME, Francis AB, Marsocci SM, et al. Safety and immunogenicity of an acellular pertussis vaccine booster in 15- to 20-month-old children previously immunized with acellular or whole-cell pertussis vaccine as infants. Pediatrics 1993; 91: 756-60
33. Liese JG, Meschievitz CK, Harzer E, et al. Efficacy of a two-component acellular pertussis vaccine in infants. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1997; 16 (11): 1038-44
34. Edwards KM, Meade BD, Decker MD, et al. Comparison of 13 acellular pertussis vaccines: overview and serologic response. Pediatrics 1995; 96: 548-57
35. Mortimer Jr EA, Kimura M, Cherry JD, et al. Protective efficacy of the Takeda acellular pertussis vaccine combined with diphtheria and tetanus toxoids following household exposure of Japanese children. AJDC 1990; 144: 899-904
36. Watson B, Cawein A, McKee BL, et al. Safety and immunogenicity of acellular pertussis vaccine, combined with diphtheria and tetanus as the Japanese commercial Takeda vaccine, compared with the Takeda acellular pertussis component combined with Lcderle's: diphtheria and tetanus toxoids in two-, four- and six-month- old infants. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1992; 11 (11): 930-5
37. Anderson EL, Belshe RB, Bartram J. Differences in reactogenicity and antigenicity of acellular and standard pertussis vaccines combined with diphtheria and tetanus in infants. J Infect Dis 1988; 157: 731-7
38. Blumberg DA, Mink CM, Cherry JD, et al. Comparison of acellular and whole-cell pertussis-component diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccines in infants. J Pediatr 1991; 119: 194-204
39. Anderson EL, Belshe RB, Bartram J, et al. Clinical and serologic responses to acellular pertussis vaccine in infants and young children. AJDC 1987; 141 (9): 949-53
40. Morgan CM, Blumberg DA, Cherry JD, et al. Comparison of acellular and whole-cell pertussis-component DTP vaccines: a multicenter double-blind study in 4- to 6-year old children. AJDC 1990; 144: 41-5
41. Edwards KM, Lawrence E, Wright PF. Diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis vaccine. A comparison of the immune response and adverse reactions to conventional and acellular pertussis components. AJDC 1986; 140: 867-71
42. Lewis K, Cherry JD, Holroyd HJ, et al. A double-blind study comparing an acellular pertussis-component DTP vaccine with a whole-cell pertussis-component DTP vaccine in 18- month-old children. AJDC 1986; 140: 872-6
43. Pichichero ME, Badgett JT, Rodgers GC, et al. Acellular pertussis vaccine: immunogenicity and safety of an acellular pertussis vs. a whole cell pertussis vaccine combined with diphtheria and tetanus toxoids as a booster in 18- to 24-month-old children. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1987; 6: 352-63
44. Blumberg DA, Mink CM, Cherry JD, et al. Comparison of an acellular pertussis-component diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) vaccine with a whole-cell pertussis-component DTP vaccine in 17- to 24-month old children, with measurement of 69-kilodalton outer membrane protein antibody. J Pediatr 1990; 117: 46-51
45. Glode M, Joffe L, The Children's Medical Center, et al. Safety and immunogenicity of acellular pertussis vaccine combined with diphtheria and tetanus toxoids in 17- to 24-month old children. Pediat Infect Dis J 1992; 11: 530-5
46. Stehr K, Heininger U, Uhlenbusch R, et al. Immunogenicity and safety of a monovalent, multicomponent acellular pertussis vaccine in 15 month-6-year-old German children. Monovalent Acellular Pertussis Vaccine Study Group. Eur J Pediatr 1995; 154 (3): 209-14
47. Stehr K, Cherry JD, Heininger U, et al. A comparative efficacy trial in Germany in infants who received either the Lcderle/Takeda acellular pertussis component DTP (DTaP) vaccine, the Lcderle whole-cell component DTP vaccine, or DT vaccine. Pediatrics 1998; 101 (1): 1-11
48. Heininger U, Cherry JD, Stehr K, et al. Comparative Efficacy of the Lcderle/Takeda acellular pertussis component DTP (DTaP) vaccine and Lcderle whole-cell component DTP vaccine in German children after household exposure. Pertussis Vaccine Study Group. Pediatrics 1998; 102 (3 Pt 1): 546-53
49. Sekura R, Zhang Y, Roberson R, et al. Clinical, metabolic, and antibody responses of adult volunteers to an investigational vaccine composed of pertussis toxin inactivated by hydrogen peroxide. J Pediatr 1988; 113: 806-13
50. Krantz I, Sekura R, Trollfors B, et al. Immunogenicity and safety of a pertussis vaccine composed of pertussis toxin inactivated by hydrogen peroxide, in 18- to 23-month-old children. J Pediatr 1990; 116: 539-43
51. Siber GR, Thakrar N, Yancey BA, et al. al. Safety and immunogenicity of hydrogen perioxide-inactivated pertussis toxoid in 18-month-old children. Vaccine 1991; 9: 735-40
52. Isacson J, Trollfors B, Taranger J, et al. Safety, immunogenicity and an open, retrospective study of efficacy of a monocomponent pertussis toxoid vaccine in infants. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1994; 13 (1): 22-7
53. Trollfors B, Taranger J, Lagergard T, et al. A placebo-controlled trial of a pertussis-toxoid vaccine. N Engl J Med 1995; 333: 1045-50
54. Trollfors B, Taranger J, Lagergard T, et al. Efficacy of a monocomponent pertussis toxoid vaccine after household exposure of pertussis [see comments]. J Pediatr 1997; 130 (4): 532-6
55. Taranger J, Trollfors B, Lagergard T, et al. Unchanged efficacy of a pertussis toxoid vaccine throughout the two years after the third vaccination of infants. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1997; 16 (2): 180-4
56. Edwards KM, Bradley RB, Decker MD, et al. Evaluation of a new highly purified pertussis vaccine in infants and children. J Infect Dis 1989; 160: 832-7
57. Simondon F, Yam A, Gagnepain JY, et al. Comparative safety and immunogenicity of an acellular versus whole-cell pertussis component of diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccines in Senegalese infants. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1996; 15 (12): 927-32
58. Edwards KM, Decker MD, Bradley RB, et al. Booster response to acellular pertussis vaccine in children primed with acellular or whole cell vaccines. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1991; 10: 315-8
59. Simondon F, Preziosi MP, Yam A, et al. A randomized doubleblind trial comparing a two-component acellular to a whole-cell pertussis vaccine in Senegal. Vaccine 1997; 15 (15): 1606-12
60. Pichichero ME, Green JL, Francis AB, et al. Comparison of a three-component acellular pertussis vaccine with whole cell pertussis vaccine in two-month-old children. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1994; 13 (3): 193-6
61. Vanura H, Just M, Ambrosch F, et al. Study of pertussis vaccines in infants: comparison of response to acellular pertussis DTP vaccines containing 25 micrograms of FHA and either 25 of 8 micrograms of PT with response to whole-cell pertussis DTP vaccine. Vaccine 1994; 12 (3): 210-4
62. Bernstein HH, Rothstein EP, Pichichero ME, et al. Reactogenicity and immunogenicity of a three-component acellular pertussis vaccine administered as the primary series to 2, 4 and 6 month old infants in the United States. Vaccine 1995; 13 (17): 1631-5
63. Schmitt HJ, Schuind A, Knuf M, et al. Clinical experience of a tricomponent acellular pertussis vaccine combined with diphtheria and tetanus toxoids for primary vaccination in 22,505 infants. J Pediatr 1996; 129(5): 695-701
64. Bernstein DI, Smith VE, Schiff GM, et al. Comparison of acellular pertussis vaccine with whole cell vaccine as a booster in children 15 to 18 months and 4 to 6 years of age. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1993; 12 (2): 131-5
65. Bernstein HH, Rothstein EP, Reisinger KS, et al. Comparison of a three-component acellular pertussis vaccine with a whole-cell pertussis vaccine in 15- through 20-month-old infants. Pediatrics 1994; 93 (4): 656-9
66. Annunziato PW, Rothstein EP, Bernstein HH, et al. Comparison of a three-component acellular pertussis vaccine with a whole-cell pertussis vaccine in 4- through 6-year-old children. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 1994; 148 (5): 503-7
67. Schmitt HJ, Beutel K, Schuind A, et al. Reactogenicity and immunogenicity of a booster dose of a combined diphtheria, tetanus, and tricomponent acellular pertussis vaccine at fourteen to twenty-eight months of age. J Pediatr 1997; 130 (4): 616-23
68. Schmitt HJ, Wirsing von Konig CH, Neiss A, et al. Efficacy of acellular pertussis vaccine in early childhood after household exposure. JAMA 1996; 275 (1): 37-41
69. Greco D, Salmaso S, Mastrantonio P, et al. A controlled trial of two acellular vaccines and one whole-cell vaccine against pertussis [see comments]. N Engl J Med 1996; 334 (6): 341-8
70. Gustafsson L, Hallander HO, Olin P, et al. A controlled trial of a two-component acellular, a five-component acellular, and a whole-cell pertussis vaccine [see comments] [published erratum appears in N Engl J Med 1996 May 2; 334(18): 1207]. N Engl J Med 1996; 334 (6): 349-55
71. Olin P, Rasmussen F, Gustafsson L, et al. Randomised controlled trial of two-component, three-component, and five- component acellular pertussis vaccines compared with whole-cell pertussis vaccine: Ad Hoc Group for the Study of Pertussis Vaccines [see comments] [published erratum appears in Lancet 1998 Feb 7; 351 (9100): 454]. Lancet 1997; 350 (9091): 1569-77
72. Rappuoli R, Pizza M, De Magistris MT, et al. Development and clinical testing of an acellular pertussis vaccine containing genetically detoxified pertussis toxin. Immunobiology 1992; 184 (2-3): 230-9
73. Podda A, Nencioni L, De Magistris MT, et al. Metabolic, humoral, and cellular responses in adult volunteers immunized with the genetically inactivated pertussis toxin mutant PI9K/129G. J Exp Med 1990; 172 (3): 861-8
74. Podda A, DeLuca EC, Titone L, et al. Acellular pertussis vaccine composed of genetically inactivated pertussis toxin: safety and immunogenicity in 12- to 24- and 2- to 4-month-old children. J Pediatr 1992; 120: 680-5
75. Podda A, Nencioni L, Marsili I, et al. Phase I clinical trial of an acellular pertussis vaccine composed of genetically detoxified pertussis toxin combined with FHA and 69 kDa. Vaccine 1991; 9: 741-5
76. Podda A, Carapella De Luca E, Titone L, et al. Immunogenicity of an acellular pertussis vaccine composed of genetically inactivated pertussis, toxin combined with filamentous hemagglutinin and PRN in infants and children. J Pediatr 1993; 123 (1): 81-4
77. Podda A, De Luca EC, Contu B, et al. Comparative study of a whole-cell pertussis vaccine and a recombinant acellular pertussis vaccine. The Italian Multicenter Group for the Study of Recombinant Acellular Pertussis Vaccine. J Pediatr 1994; 124 (6): 921-6
78. Podda A, Bona G, Canciani G, et al. Effect of priming with diphtheria and tetanus toxoids combined with whole-cell pertussis vaccine or with acellular pertussis vaccine on the safety and immunogenicity of a booster dose of an acellular pertussis vaccine containing a genetically inactivated pertussis toxin in fifteen- to twenty-one-month-old children. Italian Multicenter Group for the Study of Recombinant Acellular Pertussis Vaccine. J Pediatr 1995; 127 (2): 238-43
79. Black SB, Shinefield HR, Bergen R, et al. Safety and immunogenicity of Chiron/Biocine recombinant acellular pertussis-diphtheria-tetanus vaccine in infants and toddlers. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1997; 16 (1): 53-8
80. Halperin SA, Barreto L, Friesen B, et al. Immunogenicity of a five-component acellular pertussis vaccine in infants and young children. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 1994 May; 148: 495-502
81. Halperin SA, Barreto L, Eastwood BJ, et al. Safety and immunogenicity of a five-component acellular pertussis vaccine with varying antigen quantities. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med Nov 1994; 148: 1220-4
82. Halperin SA, Eastwood BJ, Barreto L, et al. Adverse reactions and antibody response to four doses of acellular or whole cell pertussis vaccine combined with diphtheria and tetanus toxoids in the first 19 months of life. Vaccine 1996; 14: 767-72
83. Halperin SA, Eastwood B, Barreto L, et al. Safety and immunogenicity of two acellular pertussis vaccines with different pertussis toxoid and filamentous hemagglutinin content in infants 2-6 months old. Scand J Infect Dis 1995; 27: 279-87
84. Anderson EL, Mink CM, Berlin BS, et al. Acellular pertussis vaccines in infants: evaluation of single component and two-component products. Vaccine 1994; 12 (1): 28-31
85. Miller E, Ashworth LAE, Robinson A, et al. Phase II trial of whole-cell pertussis vaccine vs an acellular vaccine containing agglutinogens. Lancet 1991; 337: 70-3
86. Englund JA, Decker MD, Edwards KM, et al. Acellular and whole-cell pertussis vaccines as booster doses: a multicenter study. Pediatrics 1994; 93: 37-43
87. Pichichero ME, Deloria MA, Rennels MB, et al. A safety and immunogenicity comparison of 12 acellular pertussis vaccines and one whole-cell pertussis vaccine given as a fourth dose in 15- to 20-month-old children. Pediatrics 1997; 100 (5): 772-88
88. Decker MD, Edwards KM, Steinhoff MC, et al. Comparison of 13 acellular pertussis vaccines: adverse reactions. Pediatrics 1995; 96: 557-66
89. Kanra G, Ceyhan M, Ecevit Z, et al. Primary vaccination of infants with a combined diphtheria-tetanus- acellular pertussis-hepatitis B vaccine. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1995; 14 (11): 998-1000
90. Usonis V, Bakasenas V, Willems P, et al. Feasibility study of a combined diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis-hepatitis B (DTPa-HBV) vaccine, and comparison of clinical reactions and immune responses with diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis (DTPa) and hepatitis B vaccines applied as mixed or injected into separate limbs. Vaccine 1997; 15 (15): 1680-6
91. Giammanco G, Moiraghi A, Zotti C, et al. Safety and immunogenicity of a combined diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis-hepatitis B vaccine administered according to two different primary vaccination schedules. Vaccine 1998; 16 (7): 722-6
92. Halperin SA, Davies HD, Barreto L, et al. Safety and immunogenicity of two inactivated poliovirus vaccines in combination with an acellular pertussis vaccine and diphtheria and tetanus toxoids in seventeen- to nineteen-month-old infants [see comments]. J Pediatr 1997; 130 (4): 525-31
93. Begue P, Stagnara J, Vie-Le-Sage F, et al. Immunogenicity and reactogenicity of a booster dose of diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis and inactivated poliomyelitis vaccines given concurrently with Haemophilus type b conjugate vaccine or as pentavalent vaccine. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1997; 16 (8): 787-94
94. Lagos R, Kotloff K, Hoffenbach A, et al. Clinical acceptability and immunogenicity of a pentavalent parenteral combination vaccine containing diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis, inactivated poliomyelitis and Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate antigens in two-, four- and six-month-old Chilean infants. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1998; 17 (4): 294-304
95. Eskola J, Olander RM, Hovi T, et al. Randomised trial of the effect of co-administration with acellular pertussis DTP vaccine on immunogenicity of Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine [see comments]. Lancet 1996; 348 (9043): 1688-92
96. Schmitt HJ, Zepp F, Muschenborn S, et al. Immunogenicity and reactogenicity of a Haemophilus influenzae type b tetanus conjugate vaccine when administered separately or mixed with concomitant diphtheria-tetanus-toxoid and acellular pertussis vaccine for primary and for booster immunizations. Eur J Pediatr 1998; 157 (3): 208-14
97. Pichichero ME, Latiolais T, Bernstein DI, et al. Vaccine antigen interactions after a combination diphtheria-tetanus toxoid-acellular pertussis/purified capsular polysaccharide of Haemophilus influenzae type b-tetanus toxoid vaccine in two- four- and six-month-old infants. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1997; 16 (9): 863-70
98. Rennels MB, Hohenboken MJ, Reisinger KS, et al. Comparison of acellular pertussis-diphtheria-tetanus toxoids and Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccines administered separately vs. combined in younger vs. older toddlers. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1998; 17 (2): 164-6
99. Halperin SA, Barreto L, Eastwood BJ, et al. Safety and immunogenicity of an acellular pertussis diphtheria tetanus vaccine given as a single injection with Haemophilus influenzae b conjugate vaccine. Vaccine 1997; 15 (3): 295-300
100. Zepp F, Schmitt HJ, Kaufhold A, et al. Evidence for induction of polysaccharide specific B-cell-memory in the 1st year of life: plain Haemophilus influenzae type b-PRP (Hib) boosters children primed with a tetanus-conjugate Hib-DTPa-HBV combined vaccine. Eur J Pediatr 1997; 156 (1): 18-24
101. Pichichero ME, Passador S. Administration of combined diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis vaccine, hepatitis B vaccine, and Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccine to infants and response to a booster dose of Hib conjugate vaccine. Clin Infect Dis 1997; 25 (6): 1378-84
102. Dagan R, Igharia K, Piglansky L, et al. Safety and immunogenicity of a combined pentavalent diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis, inactivated poliovirus and Haemophilus influenzae type b-tetanus conjugate vaccine in infants, compared with a whole cell pertussis pentavalent vaccine. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1997; 16(12): 1113-21
103. Mills E, Russell M, Cunning L, et al. Comparative immunogenicity of an acellular pertussis-inactivated polio (DTaP-IPV) vaccine used to reconstitute lyophilized H. influenzae B (PRP-T) or licensed DTwP-IPV-PRP-T vaccine in infants. Pediatr Res 1997; 41 (4 Pt 2): 126A
104. Cherry JD, Gornbein J, Heininger U, et al. A search for serologic correlates of immunity to Bordetella pertussis cough illnesses. Vaccine 1998; 16 (20): 1901-6
105. Storsacter J, Hallander HO, Gustafsson L, et al. Levels of anti-pertussis antibodies related to protection after household exposure to Bordetella pertussis. Vaccine 1998; 16 (20): 1907-6
106. Hewlett EL, Halperin SA. Serological correlates of immunity to Bordetella pertussis [editorial]. Vaccine 1998; 16 (20): 1899-900
107. Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). Food and drug administration approval of an acceular pertussis vaccine for the initial four doses of the diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis vaccination series. MMWR 1996; 45 (31): 676-7
108. Robbins JB, Pittman M, Trollfors B, et al. Primum non nocere: a pharmacologically inert pertussis toxoid alone should be the next pertussis vaccine. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1993; 12 (10): 795-807
109. Schneerson R, Robbins JB, Taranger J, et al. A toxoid vaccine for pertussis as well as diphtheria? Lessons to be relearned [see comments]. Lancet 1996; 348 (9037): 1289-92
110. He Q, Viljanen MK, Arvilommi H, et al. Toxoid vaccine for pertussis [letter; comment]. Lancet 1997; 349 (9045): 136-7; discussion 137-8
111. Wirsing von Konig CH, Schmitt HJ. Toxoid vaccine for pertussis [letter, comment]. Lancet 1997 (9045): 136-7; discussion; 137-8
112. Plotkin SA, Cadoz M. The acellular pertussis vaccine trials: an interpretation. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1997; 16 (5): 508-17; discussion 517-9
113. Edwards KM, Decker MD. Combination vaccines: hopes and challenges. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1994; 13: 345-7
114. King GE, Hadler SC. Simultaneous administration of childhood vaccines: an important public health policy that is safe and efficacious. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1994; 13: 394-407
115. Plotkin SA, Fletcher MA. Combination vaccines and immunization visits. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1996; 15 (2): 103-5
116. Zepp F, Knuf M, Habermehl P, et al. Pertussis-specific cell-mediated immunity in infants after vaccination with a tricomponent acellular pertussis vaccine. Infect Immun 1996; 64(10): 4078-84
117. Mills KH, Ryan M, Ryan E, et al. A murine model in which protection correlates with pertussis vaccine efficacy in children reveals complementary roles for humoral and cell- mediated immunity in protection against Bordetella pertussis. Infect Immun 1998; 66 (2): 594-602