A Lower Cretaceous clastic slope succession, Livingston Island, Antarctica: Sand-body characteristics, depositional processes and implications for slope apron depositional models

Sedimentology

Volumn 46, Issue 3, 1999, Pages 477-504

  Lomas, Simon A ^a,b  

^a BRITISH ANTARCTIC SURVEY   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ABERDEEN   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Byers Peninsula; Palaeocurrents; Slope apron; Slope channels; Slumps; Turbidites

Indexed keywords

CLASTIC SEDIMENT; CRETACEOUS; MARINE SEDIMENT; SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; TURBIDITE;

ANTARCTICA;

EID: 0032842240     PISSN: 00370746     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-3091.1999.00225.x     Document Type: Article

References (82)

1. Allen, J.R.L. (1970). The sequence of sedimentary structures in turbidites, with special reference to dunes. Scot. J. Geol, 6, 146-161.
2. Allen, J.R.L. (1982) Sedimentary Structures. Their Character and Physical Basis (2 volumes). Elsevier, Amsterdam.
3. Anketeil, J.M., Cegla, J. and Dzulynski, S. (1970) On the deformational structures in systems with reversed density gradients. Rocznik Polskiego Towarzystwa Geologicznego (Ann. Soc. Geol. Pologne), 40, 3-30.
4. Ashcroft, W.A. (1972) Crustal Structure of the South Shetland Islands and Bransfield Strait. British Antarctic Survey Scientific Reports, 66, 43 pp.
5. Askin, R.A. (1983) Tithonian (uppermost Jurassic) Barremian (Lower Cretaceous) spores, pollen and microplankton from the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. In: Antarctic Earth Science (Eds R.L. Oliver, P.R. James and J.B. Jago), pp. 295-297. Australian Academy of Science, Canberra.
6. Barker, P.P. (1982) The Cenozoic subduction history of the Pacific margin of the Antarctic Peninsula:'ridge crest-trench interactions. J. Geol. Soc., London, 139, 787-801.
7. Barker, P.P. and Dalziel, I.W.D. (1983) Progress in geodynamics in the Scotia Arc region. In: Geodynamics of the Eastern Pacific Region, Caribbean and Scotia Arcs (Ed. R. Cabre), pp 137-170. American Geophysical Union, Geodynamics Series 9.
8. Bouma, A.H. (1962) Sedimentology of Some Flysch Deposits: a Graphic Approach to Fades Interpretation. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
9. Bromley, R.G. and Ekdale, A.A. (1984) Chondrites: a trace fossil indicator of anoxia in sediments. Science, 224, 872-874.
10. Clark, J.D. and Pickering, K.T. (1996) Submarine Channels, Processes and Architecture. Vallis Press, London.
11. Covacevich, C.V. (1976) Fauna Valanginiana de Península Byers, Isla Livingston, Antártica. Revista Geologien de Chile, 3, 25-56.
12. Cox, R. and Lowe, D.R. (1995) A conceptual review of regional-scale controls on the composition of clastic sediment and the co-evolution of continental blocks and their sedimentary cover. J. Sedim. Res., AG5, 1-12.
13. Crame, J.A. (1984) Preliminary bivalve zonation of the Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary in Antarctica. In: Memoria III Congreso Latino-Americana de Paleontologia, Mexico 1984 (Ed. M. del C. Perilliat), pp. 242-254. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Instituto de Geologia, Mexico City.
14. Crame, J.A. (1995) Occurrence of the bivalve genus Manticula in the Early Cretaceous of Antarctica. Palaeontology, 38, 299-312.
15. Crame, J.A. (1996) A new oxytomid bivalve from the Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous of Antarctica. Palaeontology, 39, 615-628.
16. Crame, J.A., Pirrie, D., Crampton, J.S. and Duane, A.M. (1993) Stratigraphy and regional significance of the Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous Byers Group, Livingston Island, Antarctica. J. Geol. Soc., London, 150, 1075-1087.
17. Dam, G. and Sflnderholm, M. (1994) Lowstand slope channels of the Itilli succession (MaastrichtianLower Paleocene), Nuussuaq, West Greenland. Sedim. Geol., 94, 49-71.
18. Dickinson, W.R. and Suzcek, C.A. (1979) Plate tectonics and sandstone compositions. Am. Assoc. Petrol. Geol. Bull., 63, 2164-2182.
19. Doyle, L.J. and Pilkoy, O.H. (eds) (1979) Geology of Continental Slopes. Spec. Publ. Soc. Econ. Paleont. Miner., 27.
20. Duane, A.M. (1994) Preliminary palynological investigation of the Byers Group (late Jurassic-early Cretaceous), Livingston Island, Antarctic Peninsula. Rev. Palaeobot. Palynol, 84, 113-120.
21. Duane, A.M. (1996) Palynology of the Byers Group (Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous) of Livingston and Snow islands, Antarctic Peninsula: its biostratigraphical and palaeoenvironmental significance. Rev. Palaeobot. Palynol., 91, 241-281.
22. Dzulynski, S. and Sanders, J.E. (1962) Current marks on firm mud bottom. Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts Sei., 42, 57-96.
23. Elliot, D.H. (1983) The mid-Mesozoic to mid-Cenozoic active plate margin of the Antarctic Peninsula. In: Antarctic Earth Science (Eds R.L. Oliver, P.R. James and J.B. Jago), pp. 347-351. Australian Academy of Science, Canberra.
24. Gracanin, T.M. (1983) Geochemistry and Geochronology of some Mesozoic Igneous Rocks from the Northern Antarctic Peninsula Region. Unpublished MSc Thesis, Ohio State University.
25. Gradstein, P.M., Agterberg, P.P., Ogg, J.G., Hardenbol, J., Van Veen, P., Thierry, J. and Huang, Z. (1994) A Mesozoic time scale. J. Geophys. Res., 99, 2405124074.
26. Hathway, B. (1997) Nonmarine sedimentation in an Early Cretaceous extensional continental-margin arc, Byers Peninsula, Livingston Island, South Shetland Islands. J. Sedim. Res., 67, 686-697.
27. Hathway, B. and Lomas, S.A. (1998) The Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous Byers Group, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica: revised stratigraphy and regional correlations. Cretaceous Res., 19, 43-67.
28. Hesse, R. (1995) Continental slope and basin sedimentation adjacent to an ice-margin: a continuous sleeve-gun profile across the Labrador Slope, Rise and Basin. In: Atlas of Deep Water Environments: Architectural Style in Turbidite Systems (Eds K.T. Pickering, R.N. Hiscott, N.H. Kenyon, F. Ricci Lucchi and R.D.A. Smith), pp. 14-17. Chapman & Hall, London.
29. Hesse, R. and Chough, S.K. (1980) The Northwest Atlantic Mid-Ocean Channel of the Labrador Sea. II. Deposition of parallel laminated levee-muds from the viscous sublayer of low density turbidity currents. Sedimentology, 27, 697-711.-
30. Hill, P.R. (1984) Sedimentary facies of the Nova Scotian upper and middle continental slope, offshore eastern Canada. Sedimentology, 31, 293-309.
31. Hiscott, R.N. (1994) Traction-carpet stratification in turbidites - fact or fiction? J. Sedim. Res., A64, 204208.
32. Hiscott, R.N. and Middleton, G.V. (1979) Depositional mechanics of thick-bedded sandstones at the base of a submarine slope, Tourelle Formation (Lower Ordovician), Quebec, Canada. In: Geology of Continental Slopes (Eds L.J. Doyle and E.H. Pilkey), Spec. Publ. Soc. Econ. Palaeontol. Miner., 27, 307-326.
33. Hiscott, R.N. and Middleton, G.V. (1980) Fabric of coarse deep-wator sandstones, Tourelle Formation, Quebec, Canada. J. Sedim. Petrol, 50, 703-722.
34. Hobbs, G.J. (1968) The Geology of the South Shetland Islands: IV. The Geology of Livingston Island. British Antarctic Survey Scientific Report, 47.
35. Johansson, M. and Stow, D.A.V. (1995) A classification scheme for shale clasts in deep water sandstones. In: Characterization of Deep Marine Clastic Systems (Eds A.J. Hartley and D.J. Prosser), Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ, 94, 221-241.
36. Kano, K. and Takeuchi, K. (1989) Origin of mudstonc clasts in turbidites of the Miocene Ushikiri Formation, Shimane Peninsula, southwest Japan. Sedim. Geol, 62, 79-87.
37. Kelly, S.R.A. (1995) New trigonioid bivalves from the Early Jurassic to earliest Cretaceous of the Antarctic Peninsula region: systematics and Austral paleobiogeography. J. Paleontol, 69, 66-84.
38. Kneller, B. (1995) Beyond the turbidite paradigm: physical models for the deposition of turbidites and their implications for reservoir prediction. In: Characterization of Deep Marine Clastic Systems (Eds A.J. Hartley and D.J. Prosser), Geol. Soc. London Spec. Publ., 94, 31-49.
39. Komar, P.D. (1985) The hydraulic interpretation of turbidites from their grain sizes and sedimentary structures. Sedimentology, 32, 395-407.
40. Leaf, P.T., Scarrow, J.H. and Millar, I.L. (1995) On the Antarctic Peninsula batholith. Geol. Mag., 132, 399412.
41. López-Martínez, J., Hathway, B., Lomas, S.A., Martmez de Pisón, E. and Arche, A. (1995) Chapter 3: Structural Geomorphology and Geological Setting. In: Geomorphological Map of Byers Peninsula, Livingston Island (Eds J. López-Martínez et al.), pp. 9-14. BAS GEOMAP, 5-A. British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge.
42. Lowe, D.R. (1979) Sediment gravity flows: their classification and some problems of application to natural flows and deposits. In: Geology of Continental Slopes (Eds L.J. Doyle and O.H. Pilkey), Spec. Publ. Soc. Econ. Paleont. Miner., 27, 75-82.
43. Lowe, D.R. (1982) Sediment gravity flows: II. Depositional models with special reference to the deposits of high-density turbidity currents. J. Sedim. Petrol., 52, 279-297.
44. Lowe, D.R. (1988) Suspended load fallout rate as an independent variable in the analysis of current structures. Sedimentology, 35, 765-776.
45. Macdonald, D.I.M. and Butterworth, P.J. (1990) The stratigraphy, setting and hydrocarbon potential of the Mesozoic sedimentary basins of the Antarctic Peninsula. In: Antarctica as an Exploration Frontier (Ed. B. St. John) Am. Assoc. Petrol Geol, Studies in Geol., 31, 101-125.
46. Maldonado, A., Larter, R.D. and Aldaya, F. (1994) Forearc tectonic evolution of the South Shetland Margin, Antarctic Peninsula. Tectonics, 13,1345-1370.
47. Middleton, G.V. (1967) Experiments on density .and turbidity currents III. Deposition of sediment. Can. J. Earth ScL, 4, 475-505.
48. Middleton, G.V. (1993) Sediment deposition from turbidity currents. Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sei., 21, 89-114.
49. Middleton, G.V. and Hampton, M.A. (1973) Sediment gravity flows: mechanics of flow and deposition. In: Turbidites and Deep-Water Sedimentation (Eds G.V. Middleton and A.H. Bouma), pp. 1-38. Pacific Section Short Course Notes. SEPM, Anaheim.
50. Mulder, T. and Cochonat, P. (1996) Classification of offshore mass movements. J. Sedim. Res., 66, 43-57.
51. Mutti, E. and Normark, W.R. (1987) Comparing examples of modern and ancient turbidite systems: problems and concepts. In: Marine Clastic Sedimentology (Eds J.K. Leggett and G.G. Zuffa), pp. 1-38. Graham & Trotman, London.
52. Mutti, E. and Ricci Lucchi, F. (1972) Le torbiditi del1'Appennino settentrionale: introduzione all'analisi di facies. Memorie delia Società Geologica Italiana, 11, 161-199.
53. Nicholls, R.J. (1995) The liquification and remobilization of sandy sediments. In: Characterization of Deep Marine Clastic Systems (Eds A.J. Hartley and D.J. Prosser), Geol. Soc. London Spec. Publ., 94, 63-76.
54. Nilsen, T.H. (1978) Turbidites of the northern Appennines: introduction to facies analysis (translation into English of Mutti & Ricci Lucchi. 1972). Int. Geol. Rev., 20, 125-166.
55. Normark, W.R. (1970) Growth patterns of deep-sea fans. Am. Assoc Petrol. Geol Bull., 54, 2170-2195.
56. Ohta, S. and Laubier, L. (1987) Deep biological communities in the subduction zone of Japan from bottom photographs taken during 'Nautile' dives in the Kaiko project. Earth Planet. Sei. Lett., 83, 329342.
57. Owen, G. (1995) Soft-sediment deformation in upper Proterozoic Torridonian sandstones (Applecross Formation) at Torridon, northwest Scotland. J. Sedim. Res., A65, 495-504.
58. Pankhurst, R.J. (1982) Rb-Sr geochronology of Graham Land, Antarctic Peninsula. J. Geol. Soc., London, 139, 701-711.
59. Pankhurst, R.J., Weaver, S.D., Brook, M. and Saunders, A.D. (1979) K-Ar chronology of Byers Peninsula, Livingston Island, South Shetland Islands. Br. Antarctic Survey Bull., 49, 277-282.
60. Pickering, K.T., Hiscott, R.N. and Hein, F.J. (1989) Deep Marine Environments: Clastic Sedimentation and Tectonics. Unwin-Hyman, London, 416 pp.
61. Postma, G., Ncmec, W. and Kleinspehn, K.L. (1988) Large floating clasts in turbidites: a mechanism for their emplacement. Sedim. Geol., 58, 47-61.
62. Rees, P.M. (1993) Revised interpretations of Mesozoic palaeogeography and volcanic arc evolution in the northern Antarctic Peninsula region. Antarctic Sei., 5, 77-85.
63. Røe, S.L. (1987) Cross-strata and bedforms of probable transitional dune to upper-stage plane-bed origin from a Late Precambrian fluvial sandstone, northern Norway. Sedimentology, 34, 89-101.
64. Roep, T.B. and Fortuin, A.R. (1996) A submarine slide scar and channel filled with slide blocks and megarippled Globigerina sands of possible contourite origin from the Pliocene of Sumba, Indonesia. Sedim. Geol, 103, 145-160.
65. Saunderson, H.C. and Lockett, F.J.P. (1983) Flume experiments on bedforms and structures at the dune plane bed transition. In: Modern and Ancient Fluvial Systems (Eds J.D. Collinson and I. Lowin), Spec. Publ. Int. Assoc. Sedim., 6, 49-58.
66. Smellie, J.L., Davies, R.E.S. and Thomson, M.R.A. (1980) Geology of a Mesozoic intra-arc sequence on Byers Peninsula, Livingston Island, South Shetland Islands. Br. Antarctic Survey Bull., 50, 55-76.
67. Smellie, J.L., Pankhurst, R.J., Thomson, M.R.A. and Davies, R.E.S. (1984) The Geology of the South Shetland Islands: VI. Stratigraphy, Geochemistry and Evolution. British Antarctic Survey Scientific Report, 87, 85 pp.
68. Sohn, Y.K. (1997) On traction-carpet sedimentation. J. Sedim. Res., 67, 502-509.
69. Stow, D.A.V. (1985) Deep-sea elastics: where are we and where are we going? In: Sedimentology: Recent Developments and Applied Aspects (Eds P.J. Brenchley and B.J.P. Williams), Geol. Soc. London Spec. Publ, 18, 67-93.
70. Stow, D.A.V. and Bowen, A.J. (1978) Origin of lamination in deep-sea fine-grained sediments. Nature, 274, 324-328.
71. Stow, D.A.V. and Shanmugam, G. (1980) Sequence of structures in fine-grained turbidites: comparison of recent deep-sea and ancient flysch sediments. Sedim. Geol., 25, 23-2.
72. Suárez, M. (1976) Plate-tectonic model for southern Antarctic Peninsula and its relation to southern Andes. Geology, 4, 211-214.
73. Suess, E., Carson, B., Ritger, S.D., Moore, J.C., Kulm, L.D. and Cochrane, G.R. (1985) Biological communities at vent sites along the subduction zone off Oregon. Biol. Soc. Washington Bull., 6, 475484.
74. Surlyk, F. (1987) Slope and deep shelf gully sandstones, Upper Jurassic, East Greenland. Am. Assoc. Petrol. Geol. Bull., 71, 464-475.
75. Thomson, M.R.A., Pankhurst, R.J. and Clarkson, P.D. (1983) The Antarctic Peninsula - a late MesozoicCenozoic arc (review). In: Antarctic Earth Science (Eds R.L. Oliver, P.R. James and J.B. Jago), pp. 289294. Australian Academy of Science, Canberra.
76. Tissot, B., Durand, B., Espitalié, J. and Combaz, A. (1974) Influence of nature and diagenesis of organic matter in formation of petroleum. Bull. Am. Assoc. Petrol. Geol., 58, 499-506.
77. Tyson, R.V. (1987) The genesis and palynofacies characteristics of marine petroleum source rocks. In: Marine Petroleum Source Rocks (Eds J. Brooks and A.J. Fleet), Geol. Soc. London Spec. Publ., 26, 47-67.
78. Valenzuela, E. and Hervé, F. (1972) Geology of Byers Peninsula, Livingston Island, South Shetland Islands. In: Antarctic Geology and Geophysics (Ed. R.J. Adie), pp. 83-89. Universitetforlaget, Oslo.
79. Walker, R.G. (1965) The origin and significance of the internal sedimentary structures of turbidites. Proc. Yorks. Geol. Soc., 35, 1-32.
80. Walker, R.G. (1984) General introduction: facies, facies sequences and facies models. In: Fades Models (Ed. R.G. Walker), Geol. Assoc. Canada, Geosci. Reprint Series, 1, 1-9.
81. Walton, E.K. (1967) The sequence of internal structures in turbidites. Scottish J. Geol., 3, 306-317.
82. Weaver, S.D., Saunders, A.D., Pankhurst, R.J. and Tarney, J. (1979) A geochemical study of magmatism associated with the initial stages of back-arc spreading: the Quaternary volcanics of Bransfield Strait, South Shetland Islands. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 68, 151-169.