Immune changes in humans during cold exposure: Effects of prior heating and exercise

Journal of Applied Physiology

Volumn 87, Issue 2, 1999, Pages 699-710

  Brenner, I K M ^a   Castellani, J W ^b   Gabaree, C ^b   Young, A J ^b   Zamecnik, J ^a   Shephard, R J ^a,c   Shek, P N ^a,c,d  

^a DEF AND CIV INST OF ENVIRON MED   (Canada)

^b U S ARMY RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

^d UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

Author keywords

Hypothermia; Immune function; Interleukin 6; Leukocytes; Natural killer cells; Passive heating

Indexed keywords

ADRENALIN; CD19 ANTIGEN; CD3 ANTIGEN; CD4 ANTIGEN; CD8 ANTIGEN; HYDROCORTISONE; INTERLEUKIN 6; NORADRENALIN; OXYGEN;

ADULT; ARTICLE; COLD EXPOSURE; CONTROLLED STUDY; EXERCISE; HEART RATE; HEATING; HUMAN; HUMAN CELL; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; IMMUNE SYSTEM; IMMUNOPHENOTYPING; LEUKOCYTE; MALE; NATURAL KILLER CELL; NORMAL HUMAN; OXYGEN CONSUMPTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL;

EID: 0032839676     PISSN: 87507587     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1152/jappl.1999.87.2.699     Document Type: Article

References (52)

1. Aarstad, H., G. Gaudernack, and R. J. Seljelid. Stress causes reduced natural killer cell activity in mice. Scand. J Immunol. 18: 461-464, 1983.
2. Anwar, A., L. L. Smith, D. Holbert, T. Sorensen, and M. Fragen. Serum cytokines after strenuous exercise (Abstract). Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 29: S72, 1997.
3. Bellinger, D. L., K. D. Ackerman, S. Y. Felten, D. Lorton, and D. L. Felten. Noradrenergic sympathetic innervation of thymus, spleen and lymph nodes: aspects of development, aging and plasticity in neural immune interaction. In: Interactions Among CNS, Neuroendocrine and Immune Systems, edited by J. W. Hadden, K. Masek, and G. Nistico. Rome: Pythagora, 1989, p. 35-66.
4. Ben-Nathan, D., S. Lustig, and D. Kobiler. Cold stress-induced neuroinvasiveness of attenuated arboviruses is not solely mediated by corticosterone. Arch. Virol. 141: 1221-1229, 1996.
5. Berglund, B., and P. Hemmingson. Infectious disease in elite cross-country skiers: a one-year incidence study. Clin. Sports Med. 2: 19-23, 1990.
6. Brenner, I. K. M., P. N. Shek, and R. J. Shephard. Heat exposure and immune function: potential contribution to the exercise response. Exerc. Immunol. Rev. 1: 49-80, 1995.
7. Bulloch, K., and T. Radojcic. Characterization of muscarinic acetyl choline and beta-adrenergic receptors on fresh and cloned immunocytes. In: Interactions Among CNS, Neuroendocrine and Immune Systems, edited by J. W. Hadden, K. Masek, and G. Nistico. Rome, Italy: Pythagora, 1989, p. 17-34.
8. Chen, X., Y. X. Ou, and J. W. Chen. Sequential observation on the influence of artificial wind-cold environment to immunologic function of mononuclear phagocytic system in mice. Chung Kuo Chung Hsi I Chieh Ho Tsa Chih 13: 739-740, 1993.
9. Cross, M. C., M. W. Radomski, W. P. VanHelder, S. G. Rhind, and R. J. Shephard. Endurance exercise with and without a thermal clamp: effects on leukocytes and leukocyte subsets. J. Appl. Physiol. 81: 822-829, 1996.
10. Cupps, T. R., and A. S. Fauci. Corticosteroid-mediated immunoregulation in man. Immunol. Rev. 65: 133-155, 1982.
11. Delahanty, D. L., A. L. Dougall, L. Hawken, J. H. Trakowski, J. B. Smitz, F. J. Jenkins, and A. Baum. Time course of natural killer cell activity and lymphocyte proliferation in response to two acute stressors in healthy men. Health Psychol. 15: 48-55, 1996.
12. Dill, D. B., and D. L. Costill. Calculation of percent changes in volumes of blood, plasma, and red cells in dehydration. J. Appl. Physiol. 37: 247-248, 1974.
13. Downing J. F., H. Martinez-Valdez, R. S. Elizondo, E. B. Walker, and M. W. Taylor. Hyperthermia in humans enhances interferon-Y synthesis and alters the peripheral lymphocyte population. J. Interferon Res. 8: 143-150, 1988.
14. Drenth, J. P. H., S. H. M. Van Uum, M. Van Deuren, G. J. Pesman, J. Van der Ven-Jongekrijg, and J. W. M. Van Der Meer. Endurance run increases circulating IL-6 and IL-ra but downregulates ex vivo TNF-α and IL-1 production. J. Appl. Physiol. 79: 1497-1503, 1995.
15. Gannon, G. A., S. G. Rhind, M. Suzui, P. N. Shek, and R. J. Shephard. Circulating levels of peripheral blood leucocytes and cytokines following competitve cycling. Can. J. Appl. Physiol. 22: 133-147, 1997.
16. Gannon, G. A., P. N. Shek, and R. J. Shephard. Natural killer cells: modulation by intensity and duration of exercise. Exerc. Immunol. Rev. 1: 26-48, 1995.
17. Giesbrecht G. C. The respiratory system in a cold environment. Aviat. Space Environ. Med. 66: 890-902, 1995.
18. Goundasheva, D., M. Andonova, and V. Ivanov. Changes in some parameters of the immune response in rats after cold stress. Zentralbl. Veterinaermed. 41: 670-674, 1994.
19. Halkier-Sörensen, L., G. K. Menon, P. M. Elias, K. Thestrup-Pedersen, and K. R. Feingold. Cutaneous barrier function after cold exposure in hairless mice: a model to demonstrate how cold interferes with barrier homeostasis among workers in the fish-processing industry. Br. J. Dermatol. 132: 391-401, 1995.
20. Hennig, J., U. Laschefski, H. Becker, T. Rammsayer, and P. Netter. Immune cell and cortisol responses to physically and pharmacologically induced lowering of core body temperature. Neuropsychobiology 28: 82-86, 1993.
21. Iyun, B. F., and G. Tomson. Acute respiratory infections-mothers' perceptions of etiology and treatment in south-western Nigeria. Soc. Sci. Med. 42: 437-445, 1996.
22. Jansky, L., D. Pospisilova, S. Honzova, B. Ulicny, P. Sramek, V. Zeman, and J. Kaminkova. Immune system of cold-exposed and cold-adapted humans. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 72: 445-450, 1996.
23. Jiang, C. G., J. L. Morrow-Teach, D. I. Beller, E. M. Levy, and P. H. Black. Immunosuppression in mice induced by cold water stress. Brain Behav. Immun. 4: 278-291, 1990.
24. Juránková, E., D. Jezová, and M. Vigas. Central stimulation of hormone release and the proliferative response of lymphocytes in humans. Mol. Chem. Neuropathol. 25: 213-223, 1995.
25. Kappel, M., C. Stadeager, N. Tvede, H. Galbo, and B. K. Pedersen. Effects of in vivo hyperthermia on natural killer cell activity, in-vitro proliferative responses and blood mononuclear subpopulations. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 84: 175-180, 1991.
26. Khan, M. M., P. Sansoni, E. D. Silverman, E. G. Engleman, and K. Melmon. Beta-adrenergic receptors on human suppressor, helper, and cytolytic lymphocytes. Biochem. Pharmacol. 35: 1137-1142, 1986.
27. Lackovic, V., L. Borecky, M. Vigas, and J. Rovensky. Activation of NK cells in subjects exposed to mild hyper- or hypothermic load. J. Interferon Res. 8: 393-402, 1988.
28. Leblanc, J. Man in the Cold. Springfield, IL: Thomas, 1975.
29. Levinson, S. O., A. Milzer, and P. Lewin. Effect of fatigue, chilling and mechanical trauma on resistance to experimental poliomyelitis. Am. J. Hyg. 42: 204-213, 1945.
30. Maisel, A. S., P. Fowler, A. Rearden, H. J. Motulsky, and M. C. Michel. A new method for isolation of human lymphocyte subsets reveals differential regulation of beta-adrenergic receptors by terbutaline treatment. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 46: 429-439, 1989.
31. McCarthy, D. A., and M. M. Dale. The leukocytosis of exercise. Sports Med. 6: 333-363, 1988.
32. Nehlsen-Cannarella, S. L., O. R. Fagoaga, D. C. Nieman, D. A. Henson, D. E. Butterworth, R. L. Schmitt, E. M. Bailey, B. J. Warren, A. Utter, and J. M. Davis. Carbohydrate and cytokine response to 2.5 h of running. J. Appl. Physiol. 82: 1662-1667, 1997.
33. Nishimoto, N., K. Yoshizaki, H. Tagoh, M. Mondedn, S. Kishimoto, T. Hirano, and T. Kishimoto. Elevation of serum interleukin 6 prior to acute phase proteins on the inflammation by surgical operation. Clin. Immunol. Immunopathol. 50: 399-401, 1989.
34. Papanicolaou, D. A., J. S. Petrides, C. Tsigos, S. Bina, K. T., Kalogeras, R. Wilder, P. W. Gold, P. A. Deuster, and G. P. Chrousos. Exercise stimulates interleukin-6 secretion: inhibition by glucocorticoids and correlations with catecholamines. Am. J. Physiol. 271 (Endocrinol. Metab. 34): E601-E605, 1996.
35. Pedersen, B. K., H. Bruunsgaard, M. Klokker, M. Kappel, D. A. MacLean, H. B. Nielsen, T. Rohde, H. Ullum, and M. Zacho. Exercise-induced immunomodulation - possible roles of neuroendocrine and metabolic factors. Int. J. Sports Med. 18: S2-S7, 1997.
36. Press, H. F., M. G. Baines, P. Rubin, P. Shragge, and M. S. Patterson. Spontaneous human lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity against tumour target cells. IX. The quantitation of natural killer cell activity. J. Clin. Immunol. 1: 51-63, 1981.
37. 1A agonist: effects on physiological and psychological variables and blood serotonin levels. Neuropsychobiology 28: 37-42, 1993.
38. Rhind, S. G., G. A. Gannon, P. N. Shek, I. K. M. Brenner, Y. Severs, J. Zamecnik, A. Buguet, V. M. Natale, R. J. Shephard, and M. W. Radomski. Contribution of exertional hyperthermia to sympathoadrenal-mediated lymphocyte subset redistribution. J. Appl. Physiol. In press.
39. Rodriguez, A. A. Medi-Data. Mexico City, Mexico: Rodram, 1988.
40. Sabiston, B. H., and S. D. Livingstone. Investigation of Health Problems Related to Canadian Northern Military Operations. Toronto, ON: Defence and Civil Inst. Environ. Med., 1973.
41. Severs, Y., I. Brenner, P. N. Shek, and R. J. Shephard. Effects of heat and intermittent exercise on leukocyte and subpopulation cell counts. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 74: 234-245, 1996.
42. Shapiro, Y., B. A. Avellini, M. M. Toner, and K. B. Pandolf. Modification of the Monark bicycle ergometer for underwater exercise. J. Appl. Physiol. 50: 679-683, 1981.
43. Shephard, R. J., and P. N. Shek. Cold exposure and immune function. Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 76: 828-836, 1998.
44. Shu, J., J. R. Stevenson, and X. Zhou. Modulation of cellular immune responses by cold water swim stress in the rat. Dev. Comp. Immunol. 17: 357-371, 1993.
45. Snedecor, G. W., and W. G. Cochran. Statistical Methods (6th ed.). Ames: Iowa State Univ. Press, 1967, p. 412-413.
46. St. Rose J. E. M., C. L. Allen, W. S. Myles, B. H. Sabiston, T. E. Brown, P. J. Anderson, and S. D. Livingstone. A Study of Energy Expenditure, Dehydration and Health in Canadian Troops During a Spring Exercise in the Sub-artic - Exercise Northern Ramble. Toronto, ON: Defence and Civil Inst. of Environ. Med., 1972.
47. Sundaresan, G., N. Suthanthirajarajan, and A. Namasivayam. Certain immunological parameters in subacute cold stress. Indian J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 34: 57-60, 1990.
48. Szabo, C., G. Hasko., B. Zingarelli, Z. H. Nemeth, A. L. Salzman, V. Kvetan, and E. S. Vizi. Isoproterenol regulates tumour necrosis factor, interleukin-10, interleukin-6 and nitric oxide and protects against the development of vascular hyporeactivity in endotoxaemia. Immunology 90: 95-100, 1997.
49. Won, S. J., and M. T. Lin. Thermal stresses reduce natural killer cell cytotoxicity. J. Appl. Physiol. 79: 732-737, 1995.
50. Zamecnik, J. Quantitation of epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine, metanephrine and normetanephrine in human plasma using negative ion chemical ionization GC-MS. Int. J Spectroscopy Soc. Can. 42: 106-112, 1997.
51. Zhou, D., A. W. Kusnecov, M. R. Shurin, M. DePaoli, and B. S. Rabin. Exposure to physical and psychological stressors elevates plasma interleukin 6: relationship to the activation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Endocrinology 133: 2523-2530, 1993.
52. Zhu, G. F., C. Chancellor-Freeland, A. S. Berman, R. Kage, S. E. Leeman, D. I. Beller, and P. H. Black. Endogenous substance P mediates cold water stress-induced increase in interleukin-6 secretion from peritoneal macrophages. J. Neurosci. 16: 3745-3752, 1996.