메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 80, Issue 5, 1999, Pages 1632-1647

The El Nino southern oscillation, variable fruit production, and famine in a tropical forest

Author keywords

Barro Colorado Island, Republic of Panama; Ciurus granatensis; Dasyprocta punctata; El Nino Southern Oscillation; Famine; Fruit and seed production; Mazama americana; Nasua narica; Odocoileus virginianus; Panama; Tayassu tajacu; Tropical forest

Indexed keywords

BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTION; EL NINO-SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; FAMINE; FRUIT; MAMMAL; PREDATION;

EID: 0032839575     PISSN: 00129658     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1890/0012-9658(1999)080[1632:TENOSO]2.0.CO;2     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (305)

References (67)
  • 1
    • 0024256666 scopus 로고
    • On the functioning of the Southern Oscillation in the South American sector. Part I: Surface climate
    • Aceituno, P. 1988. On the functioning of the Southern Oscillation in the South American sector. Part I: Surface climate. Monthly Weather Review 116:505-524.
    • (1988) Monthly Weather Review , vol.116 , pp. 505-524
    • Aceituno, P.1
  • 2
    • 0001647479 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amazonian arthropods respond to El Niño
    • Adis, J., and M. Latif. 1996. Amazonian arthropods respond to El Niño. Biotropica 28:403-407.
    • (1996) Biotropica , vol.28 , pp. 403-407
    • Adis, J.1    Latif, M.2
  • 3
    • 0001456670 scopus 로고
    • Field observations on a howling monkey society
    • Altmann, S. A. 1959. Field observations on a howling monkey society. Journal of Mammalogy 40:317-336.
    • (1959) Journal of Mammalogy , vol.40 , pp. 317-336
    • Altmann, S.A.1
  • 4
    • 0344841948 scopus 로고
    • Moisture stress as a requirement for flowering of coffee
    • Alvim, P. de T. 1960. Moisture stress as a requirement for flowering of coffee. Science 132:354.
    • (1960) Science , vol.132 , pp. 354
    • De Alvim, P.T.1
  • 5
    • 0022206907 scopus 로고
    • General flowering in the climax rain forests of Southeast Asia
    • Appanah, S. 1985. General flowering in the climax rain forests of Southeast Asia. Journal of Tropical Ecology 1:225-240.
    • (1985) Journal of Tropical Ecology , vol.1 , pp. 225-240
    • Appanah, S.1
  • 6
    • 0024228949 scopus 로고
    • Staggered flowering in the Dipterocarpaceae: New insights into floral induction and the evolution of mast fruiting in the aseasonal tropics
    • Ashton, P. S., T. J. Givnish, and S. Appanah. 1988. Staggered flowering in the Dipterocarpaceae: new insights into floral induction and the evolution of mast fruiting in the aseasonal tropics. American Naturalist 132:44-66.
    • (1988) American Naturalist , vol.132 , pp. 44-66
    • Ashton, P.S.1    Givnish, T.J.2    Appanah, S.3
  • 7
    • 0030616856 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does mammal community composition control seedling recruitment in neotropical forests? Evidence from islands in central Panamá
    • Asquith, N. M., S. J. Wright, and M. J. Claus. 1997. Does mammal community composition control seedling recruitment in neotropical forests? Evidence from islands in central Panamá. Ecology 78:941-946.
    • (1997) Ecology , vol.78 , pp. 941-946
    • Asquith, N.M.1    Wright, S.J.2    Claus, M.J.3
  • 9
    • 0012745091 scopus 로고
    • A field study of the activities of howler monkeys
    • Bernstein, I. S. 1964. A field study of the activities of howler monkeys. Animal Behavior 12:92-97.
    • (1964) Animal Behavior , vol.12 , pp. 92-97
    • Bernstein, I.S.1
  • 11
    • 0043093123 scopus 로고
    • D. Appleton-Century, New York, New York, USA
    • Chapman, F. M. 1918. Life in an air castle. D. Appleton-Century, New York, New York, USA.
    • (1918) Life in an Air Castle
    • Chapman, F.M.1
  • 12
    • 0029661475 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in tree species abundance in a Neotropical forest over eight years: Impact of climate change
    • Condit, R., S. P. Hubbell, and R. B. Foster. 1996. Changes in tree species abundance in a Neotropical forest over eight years: impact of climate change. Journal of Tropical Ecology 12:231-256.
    • (1996) Journal of Tropical Ecology , vol.12 , pp. 231-256
    • Condit, R.1    Hubbell, S.P.2    Foster, R.B.3
  • 13
    • 0000782404 scopus 로고
    • Phenological behavior of habit and habitat classes on Barro Colorado Island (Panamá Canal Zone)
    • Croat, T. B. 1975. Phenological behavior of habit and habitat classes on Barro Colorado Island (Panamá Canal Zone). Biotropica 7:270-277.
    • (1975) Biotropica , vol.7 , pp. 270-277
    • Croat, T.B.1
  • 14
    • 0003959556 scopus 로고
    • Stanford University Press, Stanford, California, USA
    • _. 1978. Flora of Barro Colorado Island. Stanford University Press, Stanford, California, USA.
    • (1978) Flora of Barro Colorado Island
  • 15
    • 0345309515 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dendroecological analysis of laurel (Cordia alliodora) and other species from a lowland moist tropical forest in Panamá
    • Devall, M. S., B. R. Parresol, and K. Lê. 1996. Dendroecological analysis of laurel (Cordia alliodora) and other species from a lowland moist tropical forest in Panamá. Radiocarbon 1996:395-404.
    • (1996) Radiocarbon , vol.1996 , pp. 395-404
    • Devall, M.S.1    Parresol, B.R.2    Lê, K.3
  • 16
    • 0003092419 scopus 로고
    • Atmospheric teleconnections associated with the extreme phase of the Southern Oscillation
    • H. F. Diaz and V. Markgraf, editors. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK
    • Diaz, H. P., and G. N. Kiladis. 1992. Atmospheric teleconnections associated with the extreme phase of the Southern Oscillation. Pages 8-27 in H. F. Diaz and V. Markgraf, editors. El Niño: historical and paleoclimatic aspects of the Southern Oscillation. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
    • (1992) El Niño: Historical and Paleoclimatic Aspects of the Southern Oscillation , pp. 8-27
    • Diaz, H.P.1    Kiladis, G.N.2
  • 17
    • 0001925469 scopus 로고
    • The density and biomass of tropical mammals
    • M. E. Soulé and B. A. Wilcox, editors. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, Massachusetts, USA
    • Eisenberg, J. F. 1980. The density and biomass of tropical mammals. Pages 35-56 in M. E. Soulé and B. A. Wilcox, editors. Conservation biology. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, Massachusetts, USA.
    • (1980) Conservation Biology , pp. 35-56
    • Eisenberg, J.F.1
  • 18
    • 0000814458 scopus 로고
    • A preliminary analysis of a Neotropical mammal fauna
    • Eisenberg, J. F., and R. W. Thorington, Jr. 1973. A preliminary analysis of a Neotropical mammal fauna. Biotropica 5:150-161.
    • (1973) Biotropica , vol.5 , pp. 150-161
    • Eisenberg, J.F.1    Thorington R.W., Jr.2
  • 19
    • 0000123979 scopus 로고
    • Mammalian life histories from Barro Colorado Island, Panamá
    • Enders, R. K. 1935. Mammalian life histories from Barro Colorado Island, Panamá. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 78:385-502.
    • (1935) Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology , vol.78 , pp. 385-502
    • Enders, R.K.1
  • 20
    • 0008388226 scopus 로고
    • Changes observed in the mammal fauna of Barro Colorado Island, 1929-1937
    • _. 1939. Changes observed in the mammal fauna of Barro Colorado Island, 1929-1937. Ecology 20:104-106.
    • (1939) Ecology , vol.20 , pp. 104-106
  • 21
    • 0001242154 scopus 로고
    • Tachigalia versicolor is a suicidal neotropical tree
    • Foster, R. B. 1977. Tachigalia versicolor is a suicidal neotropical tree. Nature 268:624-626.
    • (1977) Nature , vol.268 , pp. 624-626
    • Foster, R.B.1
  • 22
    • 0001111862 scopus 로고
    • Famine on Barro Colorado Island
    • E. G. Leigh, Jr., A. S. Rand, and D. M. Windsor, editors. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C., USA
    • _. 1982a. Famine on Barro Colorado Island. Pages 201-212 in E. G. Leigh, Jr., A. S. Rand, and D. M. Windsor, editors. Ecology of a tropical forest. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C., USA.
    • (1982) Ecology of a Tropical Forest , pp. 201-212
  • 23
    • 0001111862 scopus 로고
    • The seasonal rhythm of fruitfall on Barro Colorado Island
    • E. G. Leigh, Jr., A. S. Rand, and D. M. Windsor, editors. Smithsonian Institution Press. Washington, D.C., USA
    • _. 1982b. The seasonal rhythm of fruitfall on Barro Colorado Island. Pages 151-172 in E. G. Leigh, Jr., A. S. Rand, and D. M. Windsor, editors. Ecology of a tropical forest. Smithsonian Institution Press. Washington, D.C., USA.
    • (1982) Ecology of a Tropical Forest , pp. 151-172
  • 25
    • 0001060710 scopus 로고
    • Seed germination in a seasonal tropical forest in Panamá: A community study
    • Garwood, N. C. 1983. Seed germination in a seasonal tropical forest in Panamá: a community study. Ecological Monographs 53:159-181.
    • (1983) Ecological Monographs , vol.53 , pp. 159-181
    • Garwood, N.C.1
  • 26
    • 84967809217 scopus 로고
    • Changes in plant community diversity and floristic composition on environmental and geographical gradients
    • Gentry, A. H. 1988. Changes in plant community diversity and floristic composition on environmental and geographical gradients. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 75: 1-34.
    • (1988) Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden , vol.75 , pp. 1-34
    • Gentry, A.H.1
  • 27
    • 0008304992 scopus 로고
    • Fluctuaciones poblacionales a largo plazo de Sciurus granatensis
    • E. G. Leigh, Jr., A. S. Rand, and D. M. Windsor, editors. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C., USA
    • Giacalone-Madden, J., W. E. Glanz, and E. G. Leigh, Jr. 1990. Fluctuaciones poblacionales a largo plazo de Sciurus granatensis. Pages 331-336 in E. G. Leigh, Jr., A. S. Rand, and D. M. Windsor, editors. Ecologia de un bosque tropical. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C., USA.
    • (1990) Ecologia de Un Bosque Tropical , pp. 331-336
    • Giacalone-Madden, J.1    Glanz, W.E.2    Leigh E.G., Jr.3
  • 28
    • 0002579994 scopus 로고
    • The terrestrial mammal fauna of Barro Colorado Island: Censuses and long-term changes
    • E. G. Leigh, Jr., A. S. Rand, and D. M. Windsor, editors Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C., USA
    • Glanz, W. E. 1982. The terrestrial mammal fauna of Barro Colorado Island: censuses and long-term changes. Pages 455-468 in E. G. Leigh, Jr., A. S. Rand, and D. M. Windsor, editors. Ecology of a tropical forest. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C., USA.
    • (1982) Ecology of a Tropical Forest , pp. 455-468
    • Glanz, W.E.1
  • 29
    • 0003007816 scopus 로고
    • Neotropical mammal densities: How unusual is the community on Barro Colorado Island. Panamá?
    • A. H. Gentry, editor. Yale University Press, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
    • _. 1990. Neotropical mammal densities: how unusual is the community on Barro Colorado Island. Panamá? Pages 287-311 in A. H. Gentry, editor. Four neotropical rainforests. Yale University Press, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
    • (1990) Four Neotropical Rainforests , pp. 287-311
  • 30
    • 0002163076 scopus 로고
    • Mammalian densities at protected versus hunted sites in central Panamá
    • J. G. Robinson and K. H. Redford, editors. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois, USA
    • _. 1991. Mammalian densities at protected versus hunted sites in central Panamá. Pages 163-173 in J. G. Robinson and K. H. Redford, editors. Neotropical wildlife use and conservation. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
    • (1991) Neotropical Wildlife Use and Conservation , pp. 163-173
  • 31
    • 0030621098 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Population ecology of the whitenosed coati (Nasua narica) on Barro Colorado Island, Panamá
    • London
    • Gompper, M. E. 1996. Population ecology of the whitenosed coati (Nasua narica) on Barro Colorado Island, Panamá. Journal of Zoology, London 241:441-455.
    • (1996) Journal of Zoology , vol.241 , pp. 441-455
    • Gompper, M.E.1
  • 32
    • 0002762387 scopus 로고
    • Rapports trophiques entre vegetation et primates dans la forêt de barro colorado (panamá)
    • Hladik, A., and C. M. Hladik. 1969. Rapports trophiques entre vegetation et primates dans la forêt de Barro Colorado (Panamá). Terre et Vie 23:25-117.
    • (1969) Terre et Vie , vol.23 , pp. 25-117
    • Hladik, A.1    Hladik, C.M.2
  • 33
    • 0344015227 scopus 로고
    • Observations on Barro Colorado Island mammals
    • Ingles, L. G. 1953. Observations on Barro Colorado Island mammals. Journal of Mammalogy 34:266-268.
    • (1953) Journal of Mammalogy , vol.34 , pp. 266-268
    • Ingles, L.G.1
  • 34
    • 0002961604 scopus 로고
    • Tropical blackwater rivers, animals, and mast fruiting hy the Dipterocarpaceue
    • Janzen, D. H. 1974. Tropical blackwater rivers, animals, and mast fruiting hy the Dipterocarpaceue. Biotropica 4:69-103.
    • (1974) Biotropica , vol.4 , pp. 69-103
    • Janzen, D.H.1
  • 35
    • 0020380872 scopus 로고
    • Avian extinction on Barro Colorado Island. Panamá: A reassessment
    • Karr, J. R. 1982. Avian extinction on Barro Colorado Island. Panamá: a reassessment. American Naturalist 119:220-239.
    • (1982) American Naturalist , vol.119 , pp. 220-239
    • Karr, J.R.1
  • 36
    • 0000952673 scopus 로고
    • Ecology and social behavior of the coati, Nasua narica, on Barro Colorado Island Panamá
    • Kaufman, J. H. 1962. Ecology and social behavior of the coati, Nasua narica, on Barro Colorado Island Panamá. University of California Publications in Zoology 60:95-222.
    • (1962) University of California Publications in Zoology , vol.60 , pp. 95-222
    • Kaufman, J.H.1
  • 37
    • 0028165061 scopus 로고
    • The evolutionary ecology of mast seeding
    • Kelly, D. 1994. The evolutionary ecology of mast seeding. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 9:465-470.
    • (1994) Trends in Ecology and Evolution , vol.9 , pp. 465-470
    • Kelly, D.1
  • 38
    • 0000589570 scopus 로고
    • Global climatic anomalies associated with extremes in the Southern Oscillation
    • Kiladis, G. N., and H. F. Diaz. 1989. Global climatic anomalies associated with extremes in the Southern Oscillation. Journal of Climate 2:1069-1090.
    • (1989) Journal of Climate , vol.2 , pp. 1069-1090
    • Kiladis, G.N.1    Diaz, H.F.2
  • 39
    • 0000812997 scopus 로고
    • Stomach contents of rain forest peccaries (Tayassu tajacu and T. pecari)
    • Kiltie, R. A. 1981. Stomach contents of rain forest peccaries (Tayassu tajacu and T. pecari). Biotropica 13:234-236.
    • (1981) Biotropica , vol.13 , pp. 234-236
    • Kiltie, R.A.1
  • 40
    • 0000490182 scopus 로고
    • Constraints and competition in the evolution of flowering phenology
    • Kochmer, J. P., and S. N. Handel. 1986. Constraints and competition in the evolution of flowering phenology. Ecological Monographs 56:303-325.
    • (1986) Ecological Monographs , vol.56 , pp. 303-325
    • Kochmer, J.P.1    Handel, S.N.2
  • 42
    • 0002746204 scopus 로고
    • Catastrophic drought and fire in Borneo tropical rain forest associated with the 1982-83 El Niño Southern Oscillation event
    • G. T. Prance, editor. Tropical rain forests and the world atmosphere Westview Press, Boulder, Colorado, USA
    • Leighton, M., and N. Wirawan. 1986. Catastrophic drought and fire in Borneo tropical rain forest associated with the 1982-83 El Niño Southern Oscillation event. Pages 75-102 in G. T. Prance, editor. Tropical rain forests and the world atmosphere. American Association for the Advancement ot Science Selected Symposium 101. Westview Press, Boulder, Colorado, USA.
    • (1986) American Association for the Advancement Ot Science Selected Symposium , vol.101 , pp. 75-102
    • Leighton, M.1    Wirawan, N.2
  • 43
    • 0002720423 scopus 로고
    • Factors affecting the production of seed hy forest trees
    • Matthews, J. D. 1963. Factors affecting the production of seed hy forest trees. Forestry Abstracts 24:1-13.
    • (1963) Forestry Abstracts , vol.24 , pp. 1-13
    • Matthews, J.D.1
  • 44
    • 84971758071 scopus 로고
    • Annual mortality patterns of a mammal community in central Panamá
    • Milton, K. 1990. Annual mortality patterns of a mammal community in central Panamá. Journal of Tropical Ecology 6:493-499.
    • (1990) Journal of Tropical Ecology , vol.6 , pp. 493-499
    • Milton, K.1
  • 45
    • 0027089006 scopus 로고
    • Factors affecting survival of tree seedlings in North Queensland rainforests
    • Osunkjoya, O. O., J. E. Ash, M. S. Hopkins, and A. W. Graham. 1992. Factors affecting survival of tree seedlings in North Queensland rainforests. Oecologia (Berlin) 91:569-578.
    • (1992) Oecologia (Berlin) , vol.91 , pp. 569-578
    • Osunkjoya, O.O.1    Ash, J.E.2    Hopkins, M.S.3    Graham, A.W.4
  • 46
    • 0025683831 scopus 로고
    • Effects of hunting on western Amazonian primate communities
    • Peres, C. A. 1990. Effects of hunting on western Amazonian primate communities. Biological Conservation 54:47-59.
    • (1990) Biological Conservation , vol.54 , pp. 47-59
    • Peres, C.A.1
  • 47
    • 0030303762 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Population status of white-lipped Tayassu pecari and collared peccaries T. tajacu in hunted and unlimited Amazonian forests
    • _. 1996. Population status of white-lipped Tayassu pecari and collared peccaries T. tajacu in hunted and unlimited Amazonian forests. Biological Conservation 77: 115-123.
    • (1996) Biological Conservation , vol.77 , pp. 115-123
  • 49
    • 0003134063 scopus 로고
    • The empty forest
    • Redford, K. H. 1992. The empty forest. BioScience 42:412-422.
    • (1992) BioScience , vol.42 , pp. 412-422
    • Redford, K.H.1
  • 50
    • 84982353980 scopus 로고
    • The game of choice: Patterns of Indian and colonist hunting in the Neotropics
    • Redford, K. H., and J. G. Robinson. 1987. The game of choice: patterns of Indian and colonist hunting in the Neotropics. American Anthropologist 89:650-667.
    • (1987) American Anthropologist , vol.89 , pp. 650-667
    • Redford, K.H.1    Robinson, J.G.2
  • 51
    • 0000335197 scopus 로고
    • Global and regional scale precipitation patterns associated with the El Niño/Southern Oscillation
    • Ropelewski, C. F., and M. S. Halpert. 1987. Global and regional scale precipitation patterns associated with the El Niño/Southern Oscillation. Monthly Weather Review 115: 1606-1626.
    • (1987) Monthly Weather Review , vol.115 , pp. 1606-1626
    • Ropelewski, C.F.1    Halpert, M.S.2
  • 52
    • 0030810064 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of global change on tropical ecosystems
    • Scholes, R. J., and N. van Breemen. 1997. The effects of global change on tropical ecosystems. Geoderma 79:9-24.
    • (1997) Geoderma , vol.79 , pp. 9-24
    • Scholes, R.J.1    Van Breemen, N.2
  • 53
    • 0025225165 scopus 로고
    • Amazon deforestation and climate change
    • Shukla, J., C. Nobre, and P. Sellers. 1990. Amazon deforestation and climate change. Science 247:1322-1325.
    • (1990) Science , vol.247 , pp. 1322-1325
    • Shukla, J.1    Nobre, C.2    Sellers, P.3
  • 54
    • 0000726031 scopus 로고
    • Population regulation in some terrestrial frugivores
    • E. G. Leigh, Jr., A. S. Rand, and D. M. Windsor, editors. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C., USA
    • Smythe, N., W. E. Glanz, and E. G. Leigh, Jr. 1982. Population regulation in some terrestrial frugivores. Pages 227-238 in E. G. Leigh, Jr., A. S. Rand, and D. M. Windsor, editors. The ecology of a tropical forest: seasonal rhythms and long-term changes. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C., USA.
    • (1982) The Ecology of a Tropical Forest: Seasonal Rhythms and Long-term Changes , pp. 227-238
    • Smythe, N.1    Glanz, W.E.2    Leigh E.G., Jr.3
  • 55
    • 0026956043 scopus 로고
    • Maintenance of diversity in tropical forests
    • Terborgh, J. 1992. Maintenance of diversity in tropical forests, Biotropica 24:283-292.
    • (1992) Biotropica , vol.24 , pp. 283-292
    • Terborgh, J.1
  • 56
    • 0029752972 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The 1990-1995 El Niño-Southern Oscillation event: Longest on record
    • Trenberth, K. E., and T. J. Hoar. 1996. The 1990-1995 El Niño-Southern Oscillation event: longest on record. Geophysical Research Letters 23:57-60.
    • (1996) Geophysical Research Letters , vol.23 , pp. 57-60
    • Trenberth, K.E.1    Hoar, T.J.2
  • 57
    • 0022854815 scopus 로고
    • Phenological changes in a Sumatran rain forest
    • Van Schaik, C. P. 1986. Phenological changes in a Sumatran rain forest. Journal of Tropical Ecology 2:327-347.
    • (1986) Journal of Tropical Ecology , vol.2 , pp. 327-347
    • Van Schaik, C.P.1
  • 58
    • 0027333475 scopus 로고
    • The phenology of tropical forests: Adaptive significance and the consequences for primary consumers
    • Van Schaik, C. P., J. W. Terborgh, and S. J. Wright. 1993. The phenology of tropical forests: adaptive significance and the consequences for primary consumers. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 24:353-377.
    • (1993) Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics , vol.24 , pp. 353-377
    • Van Schaik, C.P.1    Terborgh, J.W.2    Wright, S.J.3
  • 59
    • 0013043339 scopus 로고
    • Impact of El Niño on litter arthropods
    • J. C. Trager, editor. Flora and Fauna, Gainesville, Florida, USA
    • Wheeler, D. E., and S. C. Levings. 1988. Impact of El Niño on litter arthropods. Pages 309-326 in J. C. Trager, editor. Advances in myrmecology. Flora and Fauna, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
    • (1988) Advances in Myrmecology , pp. 309-326
    • Wheeler, D.E.1    Levings, S.C.2
  • 61
    • 0003016050 scopus 로고
    • Climate and moisture variability in a tropical forest, long-term records for Barro Colorado Island, Panamá
    • Windsor, D. M. 1990. Climate and moisture variability in a tropical forest, long-term records for Barro Colorado Island, Panamá. Smithsonian Contributions to Earth Sciences 29:1-145.
    • (1990) Smithsonian Contributions to Earth Sciences , vol.29 , pp. 1-145
    • Windsor, D.M.1
  • 62
    • 0025603921 scopus 로고
    • The spatial pattern and reproductive consequences of outbreak defoliation in Quararibea asterolepis, a tropical tree
    • Wong, M., S. J. Wright, S. P. Hubbell, and R. B. Foster. 1990. The spatial pattern and reproductive consequences of outbreak defoliation in Quararibea asterolepis, a tropical tree. Journal of Ecology 78:579-588.
    • (1990) Journal of Ecology , vol.78 , pp. 579-588
    • Wong, M.1    Wright, S.J.2    Hubbell, S.P.3    Foster, R.B.4
  • 63
    • 0028995497 scopus 로고
    • Phylogenetic constraints on tropical flowering phenologies
    • Wright, S. J., and O. Calderón. 1995. Phylogenetic constraints on tropical flowering phenologies. Journal of Ecology 83:937-948.
    • (1995) Journal of Ecology , vol.83 , pp. 937-948
    • Wright, S.J.1    Calderón, O.2
  • 64
    • 0025257787 scopus 로고
    • Seasonal drought and leaf fall in a tropical forest
    • Wright, S. J., and F. H. Cornejo. 1990a. Seasonal drought and leaf fall in a tropical forest. Ecology 71:1165-1175.
    • (1990) Ecology , vol.71 , pp. 1165-1175
    • Wright, S.J.1    Cornejo, F.H.2
  • 65
    • 0002858689 scopus 로고
    • Seasonal drought and the timing of flowering and leaf fall in a neotropical forest
    • K. S. Bawa and M. Hadley, editors. UNESCO, Paris, and Parthenon Publishing, Carnforth, UK
    • Wright, S. J., and F. H. Cornejo. 1990b. Seasonal drought and the timing of flowering and leaf fall in a neotropical forest. Pages 49-61 in K. S. Bawa and M. Hadley, editors. Reproductive ecology of tropical forest plants. Man and the Biosphere Series, UNESCO, Paris, and Parthenon Publishing, Carnforth, UK.
    • (1990) Reproductive Ecology of Tropical Forest Plants. Man and the Biosphere Series , pp. 49-61
    • Wright, S.J.1    Cornejo, F.H.2
  • 66
    • 0028163656 scopus 로고
    • Are large predators keystone species in Neotropical forests? The evidence from Barro Colorado Island
    • Wright, S. J., M. E. Gomper, and B. DeLeon. 1994. Are large predators keystone species in Neotropical forests? The evidence from Barro Colorado Island. Oikos 71:279-294.
    • (1994) Oikos , vol.71 , pp. 279-294
    • Wright, S.J.1    Gomper, M.E.2    DeLeon, B.3
  • 67
    • 0028181580 scopus 로고
    • Light and the phenology of tropical trees
    • Wright, S. J., and C. P. Van Schaik. 1994. Light and the phenology of tropical trees. American Naturalist 143:192-199.
    • (1994) American Naturalist , vol.143 , pp. 192-199
    • Wright, S.J.1    Van Schaik, C.P.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.