Annual pasture legumes: A vital component stabilizing and rehabilitating low-rainfall mediterranean ecosystems

Arid Soil Research and Rehabilitation

Volumn 13, Issue 4, 1999, Pages 327-342

  Ewing, M A ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN AUSTRALIA   (Australia)

Author keywords

Fertilizer; Nitrogen fixation; Rangeland improvement; Rhizobium

Indexed keywords

EID: 0032833380     PISSN: 08903069     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/089030699263221     Document Type: Article

References (57)

1. Abdelguerfi, A., J. Y. Chapot, and A. P. Conesa. 1988. Contribution á l’etude de la repartition des espécees spontanees de luzerne annuelles en Algerie, en relation avec certains facteurs du milieu. Fourrages 113:89-106.
2. Abd El-Moneim, A. M., and P. S. Cocks. 1986. Adaptation of Medicago rigidula to a cereal-pasture rotation in northwest Syria. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 107:179-186.
3. Aronson, J., C. Floret, E. le Floc’h, C. Ovalle, and R. Pontanier. 1993a. Restoration and rehabilitation of degraded ecosystems in arid and semiarid lands. II. Case studies in southern Tunisia, central Chile, and northern Cameroon. Restoration Ecology 1:168-187.
4. Aronson, J., C. Floret, E. le Floc’h, C. Ovalle, and R. Pontanier. 1993b. Restoration and rehabilitation of degraded ecosystems in arid and semiarid lands. I. A view from the south. Restoration Ecology 1:8-17.
5. Beale, P. E., A. Lahlou, and M. Bounejmate. 1991. Distribution of wild annual legume species in Morocco and relationships with soil and climatic factors. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 42:1217-1230.
6. Beale, P. E., M. Bounejmate, A. Lahlou, D. B. Marx, and S. Christiansen. 1993. Distribution of annual Trifolium species in Morocco. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 44:1303-1310.
7. Bolger, T. P., N. C. Turner, and B. J. Leach. 1993. Water use and productivity of annual based pasture systems in the southwest of western Australia, pp. 274-275, in Proceedings of the XVII International Grassland Congress, 8-21 February 1993, Auckland, New Zealand.
8. Bolger, T. P., J. S. Pate, M. J. Unkovich, and N. C. Turner. 1995. Estimates of seasonal nitrogen fixation of annual subterranean clover-based pastures using the 15 N natural abundance technique. Plant and Soil 175:57-66.
9. Bounejmate, M., P. E. Beale, and A. D. Robson. 1992a. Annual Medicago species in Morocco. I. Species and their abundance. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 43:739-749.
10. Bounejmate, M., A. D. Robson, and P. E. Beale. 1992b. Annual Medicago species in Morocco. II. Distribution relation to soil and climate. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 43:751-763.
11. Carter, E. D., S. Challis, R. C. Knowles, and J. Bahrani. 1989. Pasture legume seed survival following ingestion by sheep, p. 437, in G. P. Ayling, ed., Proceedings of the 5th Australian Agronomy Conference, 24-29 September 1989, Perth, Australia. Australian Society of Agronomy, Melbourne.
12. Christiansen, S., and P. Eichhorn. 1992. Pasture pod sweeper is ready for production, pp. 260-261, in Pasture forage and livestock program: Annual report 1992. International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas, Aleppo, Syria.
13. Cocks, P. S. 1974. Potential production of grass and clover monocultures in a Mediterranean-type environment-An experimental approach. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 25:835-846.
14. Cocks, P. S. 1988a. The role of pasture and forage legumes in livestock based farming systems, pp. 3-10, in D. P. Beck and L. A. Materon, eds., Nitrogen fixation in legumes in Mediterranean agriculture. Martinus Nijhoff, Dordrecht, Netherlands.
15. Cocks, P. S. 1988b. Seed production and survival under grazing of annual medics (Medicago spp.) in north Syria. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 110:455-463.
16. Cocks, P. S., and T. A. M. Ehrman. 1987. The geographic origin of frost tolerance in Syrian pasture legumes. Journal of Applied Ecology 4:673-683.
17. Cocks, P. S., and G. Gintzberger. 1993. Long term sustainability of livestock-producing farming systems in contrasting regions with Mediterranean type climates, pp. 247-252, in Proceedings of the XVII International Grassland Congress, 8-21 February 1993, Auckland, New Zealand.
18. Cocks, P. S., M. J. Matheson, and E. J. Crawford. 1980. From wild plants to pasture culti-vars: Annual medics and subterranean clover in southern Australia, pp. 569-596, in R. J. Summerfield and A. H. Bunting, eds., Advances in legume science. Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, Kew Gardens, London.
19. Collins, W. J., C. M. Francis, and B. J. Quinlivan. 1976. The interrelation of burr burial, seed yield and dormancy in strains of subterranean clover. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 27:787-797.
20. Cooper, P. J. M., P. J. Gregory, D. Tully, and H. C. Harris. 1987. Improving water use efficiency of annual crops in the rainfed farming systems of west Asia and North Africa. Experimental Agriculture 23:113-158.
21. del Poso, A, C. Ovalle, J. Avendano, and P. del Canto. 1989. Adaptation of Medicago poly-morpha to the subhumid Mediterranean zone of Chile, pp. 1539-1540, in Proceedings of the XVI International Grassland Congress, 4-11 October 1989. French Grassland Society, Nice, France.
22. Dumancic, D., and H. N. Le Houêrou. 1981. Acacia cyanophylla Lindl. as supplementary feed for small stock in Libya. Journal of Arid Environment 4:161-167.
23. Ehrman, T., and P. S. Cocks. 1990. Ecogeography of annual legumes in Syria: Distribution patterns. Journal of Applied Ecology 27:578-591.
24. Ewing, M. A. 1989. The development of pasture legumes for the low rainfall cerea 1-livestock zone of southern Australia, pp. 197-211, in G. P. Ayling, ed., Proceedings of the 5th Australian Agronomy Conference, 24-29 September 1989, Perth, Australia. Australian Society of Agronomy, Melbourne.
25. Francis, C. M. 1981. The distribution and ecology of annual Medicago species in northwest Libya: A report based on a plant collection tour. Plant Introduction Review 13:3-14.
26. Francis, C. M. 1991. Domestication of indigenous species: Incorporation of useful characters into pasture and forage crops, pp. 394-420, in A. Smith and L. Robertson, eds., Legume genetic resources for semi-arid temperature environments. International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas, Aleppo, Syria.
27. French, R. J. 1991. Monitoring the functioning of dryland farming systems, pp. 222-238, in V. Squires and P. Tow, eds., Dryland farming: A systems approach. Sydney University Press, Sydney, Australia.
28. Gintzberger, G. 1987. The effect of soil pitting on establishment and growth of annual Medicago spp. on degraded rangeland in western Australia. Australian Rangeland Journal 9:49-52.
29. Gintzburger, G., and L. Blesing. 1979. Genetic conservation in Libya. Part III: Indigenous forage legume collection in northern Libya. Distribution and ecology of Medicago spp., pp. 1-48, in FAO/Libyan Agricultural Research Centre Publication No. 235179. Libyan Agricultural Research Centre, Tripoli, Libya.
30. Gintzberger, G. A., and P. W. Skinner. 1985. A simple single disc pitter and seeding machine for arid rangeland revegetation. Australian Rangeland Journal 7:29-31.
31. Greenland, D. J. 1971. Changes in the nitrogen status and physical condition of soils under pasture with special reference to the maintenance of the fertility of Australian soils used for wheat growing. Soils and Fertilisers 34:237-251.
32. Howieson, J. G., and M. A. Ewing. 1986. Acid tolerance in the Rhizobium meliloti-Medicago symbiosis. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 37:55-64.
33. Ladd, J. N., and M. Amarto. 1986. The fate of nitrogen from legumes and fertiliser sources in soils successively cropped with wheat under field conditions. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 18:417-425.
34. Ladd, J. N., M. Amarto, and J. M. Oades. 1985. Decomposition of plant material in Australian soils. III. Residual organic and microbial C and N from isotope-labelled legume material and soil organic matter, decomposing under field conditions. Australian Journal of Soil Research 23:603-611.
35. Le Houérou, H. N. 1984. Rain use efficiency: A unifying concept in arid land ecology. Journal of Arid Environments 7:213-247.
36. Le Houérou, H. N. 1986. Salt tolerant plants of economic value in the Mediterranean basin. Reclamation and Revegetation Research 5:319-341.
37. Maranon, T., J. M. Romero, and J. M. Murillo. 1989. Salt tolerant plants from the Guadalquivir Delta (S. W. Spain), pp. 1503-1504, in Proceedings of the XVI International Grassland Congress, 4-11 October 1989. French Grassland Society, Nice, France.
38. Osman, A. E., and P. S. Cocks. 1992. Prospects for improving Mediterranean grasslands in Lebanon through seeding, fertilisation and protection from grazing. Experimental Agriculture 28:461-471.
39. Osman, A E., P. S. Cocks, L. Russi, and M. A. Pagnotta. 1991. Response of Mediterranean grassland to phosphate and stocking rate: Biomass production and botanical composition. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 116:37-46.
40. Ovalle, C., J. Avendano, A. del Pozo, and D. Crespo. 1993. Germplasm collection, description and selection of naturalised Medicago polymorpha in the Mediterranean zone of Chile, pp. 222-223, in Proceedings of the XVII International Grassland Congress, 8-21 February 1993. New Zealand Grassland Association, Auckland, New Zealand.
41. Pate, J. S., M. J. Unkovich, E. L. Armstrong, and P. Sanford. 1994. Selection of reference plants for 15N natural abundance assessment of N2 fixation by crop and pasture legumes in southwest Australia. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 45:133-147.
42. Piano, E., M. Sardara, and S. Pusceddu. 1982. Observations on the distribution and ecology of subterranean clover and other annual legumes in Sardinia. Rivista di Agronomia 12:273-283.
43. Puckridge, D. W., and R. J. French. 1983. The annual legume pasture in cereal-ley farming systems of southern Australia: A review. Agricultural Ecosystems and Environment 9:229-267.
44. Reeves, T. G., and M. A. Ewing. 1993. Is ley farming in Mediterranean zones just a passing phase?, pp. 2169-2177, in Proceedings of the XVII International Grassland Congress, 8-21 February 1993. New Zealand Grassland Association, Auckland, New Zealand.
45. Robson, A. D. 1969. Soil factors affecting the distribution of annual Medicago species. Journal of the Australian Institute of Agricultural Science 35:154-167.
46. Rogers, M. E., and C. L. Noble. 1991. The effect of NaCl on the establishment and growth of balansa clover (Trifolium michelianum Savi var., balansae Boiss). Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 42:847-857.
47. Rossiter, R. C. 1966. Ecology of the Mediterranean annual-type pasture. Advances in Agrorv-omy 18:1-57.
48. Russi, L., P. S. Cocks, and E. H. Roberts. 1992a. Seed bank dynamics in Mediterranean grassland. Journal of Applied Ecology 29:763-771.
49. Russi, L., P. S. Cocks, and E. H. Roberts. 1992b. Hard-seededness and seed bank dynamics of six pasture legumes. Seed Science Research 2:231-241.
50. Russi, L., P. S. Cocks, and E. H. Roberts. 1992c. The fate of legume seeds eaten by sheep from a Mediterranean grassland. Journal of Applied Ecology 29:772-778.
51. Sanford, P., J. S. Pate, and M. J. Unkovich. 1993. A survey of the proportional dependence of subterranean clover and other pasture legumes on N2 fixation in southwest Australia utilising 15N natural abundance. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 45:165-181.
52. Smith, F. P., P. S. Cocks, and M. A. Ewing. 1998. Seed production in cluster clover (Trifolium glomeratum L.). 1. Flowering time, abortion, seed size and hardseededness along branches. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 49:961-964.
53. Taylor, G. B. 1993. Effects of some characteristics of diurnal temperature fluctuations on the softening of hard seeds of Medicago polymorpha, pp. 256-257, in Proceedings of the XVII International Grassland Congress, 8-21 February 1993. New Zealand Grassland Association, Auckland, New Zealand.
54. Taylor, G. B., and M. A. Ewing. 1988. Effect of depth of burial on the longevity of hard seeds of subterranean clover and annual medics. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 28:77-81.
55. Taylor, G. B., and M. A. Ewing. 1992. Long-term patterns of seed softening in some annual pasture legumes in a low rainfall environment. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 32:331-337.
56. Thomson, E. F., S. Rihawi, P. S. Cocks, A. E. Osman, and L. Russi. 1990. Recovery and germination rates of seeds from Mediterranean medics and clovers offered to sheep at a single meal or continuously. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 114:295-299.
57. Unkovich, M. J., J. S. Pate, P. Sanford, and E. L. Armstrong. 1994. Potential of the ô15N natural abundance method in field estimation of nitrogen fixation by crop and pasture legumes in southwest Australia. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 45:119-132.