Density, crowding, and factors intervening in their relationship: Evidence from a hyper-dense metropolis

Social Indicators Research

Volumn 48, Issue 1, 1999, Pages 103-124

  Chan, Ying Keung ^a  

^a CHINESE UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG   (Hong Kong)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

HOUSING CONDITIONS; OVERCROWDING; POPULATION DENSITY; RESIDENTIAL SATISFACTION; URBAN HOUSING;

CHINA;

EID: 0032831159     PISSN: 03038300     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1023/A:1006944807696     Document Type: Article

References (42)

1. Altman, I.: 1975, The Environment and Social Behavior (Brooks/Cole, Monterey, CA).
2. Altman, I.: 1976, 'Privacy: a conceptual analysis', Environment and Behavior 8, pp. 7-29.
3. Baldassare, M.: 1975, 'The effects of density on social behavior and attitudes', American Behavioral Scientist 18, pp. 815-825.
4. Baum, A. and G. E. Davis: 1976, 'Spatial and social aspects of crowding perception', Environment and Behavior 8, pp. 527-544.
5. Baum, A. and G. E. Davis: 1980, 'Reducing the stress of high-density living: an architectural intervention', Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 38, pp. 471-481.
6. Beeghley, L. and D. Donnelly: 1989, 'The consequences of family crowding: a theoretical synthesis', Lifestyles 10, pp. 83-102.
7. Bharucha-Reid, R. and H. A. Kiyak: 1982, 'Environmental effects on affect: density, noise and personality', Population and Environment 5, pp. 60-72.
8. Booth, A. and J. Cowell: 1976, 'Crowding and health', Journal of Health and Social Behavior 17, pp. 204-220.
9. Chan, Y. K.: 1979, 'Urban density and social relations', Journal of the Chinese University of Hong Kong 5, pp. 315-322.
10. Chan, Y. K.: 1989, 'Adolescents and confined living environment', in A. M. C. Ng and F. M. Cheung (eds.), Selected Papers on Youth Studies in Hong Kong 1984-87 (Centre for Hong Kong Studies, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong), pp. 81-97.
11. Chan, Y. K.: 1997, 'Privacy: does it concern the people?' in S. K. Lau, M. K. Lee. P. S. Wan and S. L. Wong (eds.), Indicators of Social Development: Hong Kong 1995 (Hong Kong Institute of Asia-Pacific Studies, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong), pp. 359-381.
12. Dean, L. M., W. M. Pugh and E. K. E. Gunderson: 1975, 'Spatial and perceptual components of crowding: effects on health and satisfaction', Environment and Behavior 7, pp. 225-236.
13. Desor, J. A.: 1972 'Toward a psychological theory of crowding', Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 21, pp. 79-83.
14. Freedman, J. L.: 1975, Crowding and Behavior (W.H. Freeman & Co., San Francisco).
15. Freedman, J. L.: 1979, 'The human consequences of crowding', in M. R. Gurkaynak and W. A. Lecompte (eds.), Human Consequences of Crowding (Plenum Press, New York and London), pp. 9-14.
16. Gabe, J. and P. Williams: 1986, 'Is space bad for health? The relationship between crowding in the home and emotional distress in women', Sociology of Health and Illness 8, pp. 351-371.
17. Galle, O. R., W. R. Gove and J. M. McPherson: 1972, 'Population density and pathology: what are the relationships for man?' Science 176, pp. 23-30.
18. Hirschl, T. A. and M. R. Rank: 1991, 'The effect of population density on welfare participation', Social Forces 70, pp. 225-235.
19. Jin, Y. J.: 1994, 'Zhongguo ren dui siyinquan de lijie' [Chinese idea of privacy right], Ming Pao Monthly (February), pp. 56-62 (in Chinese).
20. Lai, L. W. C.: 1993, 'Density policy towards public housing: a Hong Kong theoretical and empirical review', Habitat International 17, pp. 45-67.
21. Lee, R. P. L.: 1985, 'High-density and rising aspiration in Hong Kong: stresses and coping strategies', Professorial Inaugural Lecture delivered on 1 Nov. 1985, The Chinese University Bulletin Supplement 16, pp. 32-45.
22. Leopore, S. J., G. W. Evans and M. L. Schneider: 1992, 'Role of control and social support in explaining the stress of hassles and crowding', Environment and Behavior 24, pp. 795-811.
23. Lester, D.: 1995, 'An extension of the association between population density and mental illness to suicidal behavior', Journal of Social Psychology 135, pp. 657-658.
24. Liang, S. M.: 1987, Zhongguo Wenhua Yaoyi [The Essence of Chinese Culture] (Joint Publishing (H.K.) Co. Ltd., Hong Kong) (in Chinese).
25. Millar, S. E.: 1976, 'Health and well-being in relation to high density in Hong Kong', Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, Australian National University, Canberra.
26. Mitchell, R. E.: 1971, 'Some social implication of high density housing', American Sociological Review 36, pp. 18-29.
27. Newman, O.: 1973, Defensive Space (Macmillan, New York).
28. Patterson, C. C., D. J. Carson and D. R. Hadden: 1996, 'Epidemiology of childhood IDDM in North Ireland 1989-1994: low incidence in areas with highest population density and most household crowding, North Ireland diabetes study group', Diabetologia 39, pp. 1063-1069.
29. Pritchard, C. and B. Evans: 1997, 'Population density and cancer mortality by gender and age in England Wales and the Western World', Public Health 111, pp. 215-220.
30. Root, G.: 1997, 'Population density and spatial differentials in child mortality in Zimbabwe', Social Science and Medicine 44, pp. 413-421.
31. Ruback, R. B. and J. K. Riad: 1994, 'The more (men), the less merry: social density, social burden and social support', Sex Roles 30, pp. 743-763.
32. Rustemli, A.: 1992, 'Crowding effects of density and interpersonal distance', Journal of Social Psychology 132, pp. 51-58.
33. Saegert, S.: 1979, 'A systematic approach to high density settings: social and physical environmental factors', in Human Consequences of Crowding, op cit. pp. 67-82.
34. Schiffenbauer, A. J., J. E. Brown, L. K. Shulack and A. M. Zanzola: 1977, 'The relationship between density and crowding: some architectural modifiers', Environment and Behavior 9, pp. 3-14.
35. Schmitt, R. C.: 1961, 'Implications of density in Hong Kong', Journal of the American Institute of Planners 29, pp. 210-217.
36. Schmitt, R. C.: 1966, 'Density, health, and social disorganization', Journal of the American Institute of Planners 32, pp. 38-40.
37. Smith, M. J., R. E. Reinheimer and A. Gabbard-Alley: 1981, 'Crowding, task performance and communicative interaction in youth and old age', Human Communication Research 7, pp. 259-272.
38. Stokols, D.: 1972, 'A social-psychological model of human crowding phenomena: some implications for environmental research and design', Journal of the American Institute of Planners 38, pp. 72-83.
39. Traver, H.: 1984, 'Orientations towards privacy in Hong Kong', Perceptual and Motor Skills 59, pp. 635-644.
40. Walden, T. A., P. A. Nelson and D. E. Smith: 1981, 'Crowding, privacy, and coping', Environment and Behavior 13, pp. 205-224.
41. Westin, A. F.: 1970, Privacy and Freedom (Atheneum, New York).
42. Westover, T. N.: 1989, 'Perceiving crowding in recreational settings: an environment behavior model', Environment and Behavior 21, pp. 258-276.