Atmospheric formic and acetic acids: An overview

Reviews of Geophysics

Volumn 37, Issue 2, 1999, Pages 227-248

  Khare, Puja ^a   Kumar, N ^a   Kumari, K M ^a   Srivastava, S S ^a  

^a DAYALBAGH EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTE   (India)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; ORGANIC ACID; PHOTOCHEMISTRY; PROVENANCE;

EID: 0032830378     PISSN: 87551209     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/1998RG900005     Document Type: Article

References (117)

1. Andreae, M. O., The ocean as source for atmospheric sulfur compounds, in The Role of Air-Sea Exchange in Geochemical Cycling, edited by P. Buat-Menard and P. S. Liss, pp. 341-362, D. Reidel, Norwell, Mass., 1986.
2. Andreae, M. O., R. W. Talbot, and S. M. Li, Atmospheric measurements of pyruvic and formic acids, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 6635-6641, 1987.
3. Andreae, M. O., R. W. Talbot, T. W. Andreae, and R. C. Harriss, Formic and acetic acids over the central Amazon region, Brazil, 1, Dry season, J. Geophys. Res., 93, 1616-1624, 1988.
4. Andreae, M. O., R. W. Talbot, H. Berresheim, and K. M. Becher, Precipitation chemistry in central Amazonia, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 16,197-16,999, 1990.
5. Arlander, D. W., D. R. Cronn, J. C. Farmer, F. C. Menzia, and H. H. Westberg, Gaseous oxygenated hydrocarbons in the remote marine troposphere, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 16,391-16,403, 1990.
6. Atkinson, R., Gas phase tropospheric chemistry of organic compounds: A review, Atmos. Environ., Part A, 24, 1-42, 1990.
7. Atkinson, R., and A. L. Lloyd, Evaluation of kinetic and mechanistic data for modeling of photochemical smog, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 13, 315-444, 1984.
8. Atkinson, R., E. Tuazon, and W. P. L. Carter, Extent of H atom abstraction from the reaction of the OH radical with 1-butane under atmospheric conditions, Int. J. Chem. Kinet., 17, 725-734, 1985.
9. Avery, G. B., Jr., J. D. Willey, and C. A. Wilson, Formic and acetic acids in rainwater of North Carolina, Environ. Sci. Technol., 25(11), 1875-1880, 1991.
10. Brimblecombe, P., Dew as a sink of sulphur dioxide, Tellus, 30, 151-157, 1978.
11. Calvert, J. G., and W. R. Stockwell, Acid generation in the troposphere by gas phase chemistry, Environ. Sci. Technol., 17, 428A-443A, 1983.
12. Carter, W. P. L., A detailed mechanism for the gas phase atmospheric reactions of organic compounds, Atmos. Environ., Part A, 24, 481-518, 1990.
13. Chameides, W. L., The photochemistry of a remote marine stratiform cloud, J. Geophys. Res., 89, 4739-4755, 1984.
14. Chameides, W. L., Acid dew and the role of chemistry in the dry deposition of reactive gases to wetted surfaces, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 11,895-11,908, 1987.
15. Chameides, W. L., and D. D. Davis, Aqueous phase source of formic acid in clouds, Nature, 304, 427-429, 1983.
16. Chapman, E. G., D. S. Sklarew, and J. S. Flickinger, Organic acids in springtime Wisconsin precipitation samples, Atmos. Environ., 20, 1717-1725, 1986.
17. 3COOH, J. Geophys. Res., 93, 5200-5206, 1988.
18. Dayan, U., J. M. Miller, W. C. Keene, and J. N. Galloway, An analysis of precipitation chemistry data from Alaska, Atmos. Environ., 19, 651-657, 1985.
19. de Serves, C., and C. Johansson, A chemical model study of the wet season savannah boundary, Rep. CM-86, Dep. of Meteorol., Stockholm Univ., Stockholm, 1995.
20. Dibb, J. E., R. W. Talbot, and M. H. Bergin, Soluble acidic species in air and snow at Summit, Greenland, Geophys. Res. Lett., 21, 1627-1630, 1994.
21. Dibb, J. E., R. W. Talbot, S. I. Whitlow, M. C. Shipham, J. Winterle, J. Mcconnell, and R. Bales, Biomass burning signature in the atmosphere and snow at Summit, Greenland: An event on 5 August 1994, Atmos. Environ., 30, 553-561, 1996.
22. Duce, R. A., V. A. Mohnen, P. R. Zimmerman, D. Grosjean, W. Cautreels, R. Chatfield, R. Jaenicke, J. A. Ogren, E. D. Pellizzari, and G. T. Wallace, Organic material in the global troposphere, Rev. Geophys., 21, 921-952, 1983.
23. Durana, N., H. Casado, C. Garcia, A. Ezcurra, J. P. Lacaux, and D. Encinas, Organic acids in precipitation in the Basque country (North of Spain), Atmos. Res., 28, 93-101, 1992.
24. Eriksson, E., The yearly circulation of chlorine and sulphur in nature: Meteorological, geochemical and pedological implications, 2, Tellus, 12, 63-109, 1960.
25. Facchini, M. C., et al., Phase-partitioning and chemical reactions of low molecular weight organic compounds in fog, Tellus, Ser. B, 44, 533-544, 1992.
26. Galloway, J. N., G. E. Likens, W. C. Keene, and J. M. Miller, The composition of precipitation in remote areas of the world, J. Geophys. Res., 87, 8771-8786, 1982.
27. T in precipitation on Bermuda, Tellus, Ser. B, 41, 427-443, 1989.
28. Galloway, J. N., W. C. Keene, and G. E. Likens, Processes controlling the composition of precipitation at a remote southern hemispheric location: Torres del Paine National Park, Chile, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 6883-6897, 1996.
29. Graedel, T. E., and T. Eisner, Atmospheric formic acid from formicine ants: A preliminary assessment, Tellus, Ser. B, 40, 335-339, 1988.
30. Gregory, G. L., et al., Air chemistry over the tropical forests of Guyana, J. Geophys. Res., 91, 8603-8612, 1986.
31. Grosjean, D., Aldehydes, carboxylic acids and inorganic nitrate during NSMCS, Atmos. Environ., 22, 1637-1648, 1988.
32. Grosjean, D., Organic acids in southern California air: Ambient concentrations, mobile source emissions, in situ formation and removal processes, Environ. Sci. Technol., 23, 1506-1514, 1989.
33. Grosjean, D., Formic and acetic acid measurements during the SCAQS, Atmos. Environ., 24, 2699-2702, 1990.
34. Grosjean, D., Ambient levels of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and formic acid in southern California: Results of a one-year baseline study, Environ. Sci. Technol., 25, 710-715, 1991.
35. Grosjean, D., Formic acid and acetic acid: Emissions, atmospheric formation and dry deposition at two southern California locations, Atmos. Environ., Part A, 26, 3279-3286, 1992.
36. Gu, C., C. M. Rynard, D. G. Hendry, and T. Mill, Hydroxyl radical oxidation of isoprene, Environ. Sci. Technol., 19, 151-165, 1985.
37. Guiang, S. F., III, S. V. Krupa, and G. C. Pratt, Measurements of S(IV) and organic anions in Minnesota rain, Atmos. Environ., 18, 1677-1682, 1984.
38. Harrington, R. F., A. W. Gertler, D. Grosjean, and P. Amar, Formic acid and acetic acid in the western Sierra Nevada, California, Atmos. Environ., Part A, 27, 1843-1849, 1993.
39. Hartmann, W. R., M. O. Andreae, and G. Helas, Measurements of organic acids over central Germany, Atmos. Environ., 23, 1531-1533, 1989.
40. Hartmann, W. R., M. O. Andreae, and G. Helas, Formic and acetic acid in presence of cloud and dew water, in Physicochemical Behaviour of Atmospheric Pollutants, edited by G. Restelli and G. Angeletti, pp. 558-563, Kluwer Acad., Norwell, Mass., 1990.
41. Hartmann, W. R., M. H. Santana, M. O. Andreae, and E. Sanhueza, Diurnal cycles of formic and acetic acids in the northern part of the Guayana shield, Venezuela, J. Atmos. Chem., 13, 63-72, 1991.
42. 2O in the gas phase, J. Phys. Chem., 85, 2249-2254, 1981.
43. Helas, G., H. Bingemer, and M. O. Andreae, Organic acids over equatorial Africa: Results from DECAFE 88, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 6187-6193, 1992a.
44. Helas, G., M. O. Andreae, and R. Hartmann, Behaviour of atmospheric formic and acetic acid in the presence of hydrometeors, J. Atmos. Chem., 15, 101-115, 1992b.
45. Horie, O., P. Neeb, S. Limbach, and G. K. Moortgat, Formation of formic acid and organic peroxides in the ozonolysis of ethene with added water vapor, Geophys. Res. Lett., 21, 1523-1526, 1994.
46. Jacob, D. J., Chemistry of OH in remote clouds and its role in the production of formic acid and peroxymonosulfate, J. Geophys. Res., 91, 9807-9826, 1986.
47. Jacob, D. J., and S. C. Wofsy, Photochemistry of biogenic emissions over the Amazon forest, J. Geophys. Res., 93, 1477-1486, 1988.
48. Johnson, B. J., and G. A. Dawson, A preliminary study of the carbon isotopic content of ambient formic acid and two selected sources: automobile exhaust and formicine ants, J. Atmos. Chem., 17, 123-140, 1993.
49. Kawamura, K., and I. R. Kaplan, Capillary gas chromatography determination of volatile organic acids in rain and fog samples, Anal. Chem., 56, 1616-1620, 1984.
50. Kawamura, K., and I. R. Kaplan, Biogenic and anthropogenic organic compounds in rain and snow samples collected in southern California, Atmos. Environ., 20, 115-124, 1986.
51. 10) in the atmosphere, motor exhaust and engine oils, Environ. Sci. Technol., 19, 1082-1086, 1985.
52. Keene, W. C., and J. N. Galloway, Organic acidity in the precipitation of North America, Atmos. Environ., 18, 2491-2497, 1984.
53. Keene, W. C., and J. N. Galloway, Considerations regarding sources for formic and acetic acids in the troposphere, J. Geophys. Res., 91, 14,466-14,474, 1986.
54. Keene, W. C., and J. N. Galloway, The biogeochemical cycling of formic and acetic acids through the troposphere: An overview of current understanding, Tellus, Ser. B, 40, 322-334, 1988.
55. Keene, W. C., J. N. Galloway, and J. D. Holden Jr., Measurement of weak organic acidity in precipitation from remote areas of the world, J. Geophys. Res., 88, 5122-5130, 1983.
56. Keene, W. C., B. W. Mosher, D. J. Jacob, W. Munger, R. W. Talbot, R. S. Artz, J. R. Maben, B. C. Daube, and J. N. Galloway, Carboxylic acids in clouds at a high-elevation forested site in central Virginia, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 9345-9357, 1995.
57. Khare, P., G. S. Satsangi, N. Kumar, K. M. Kumari, and S. S. Srivastava, Surface measurements of formaldehyde and formic and acetic acids at a subtropical semiarid site in India, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 18,997-19,005, 1997.
58. Khare, P., N. Kumar, G. S. Satsangi, K. M. Kumari, and S. S. Srivastava, Formate and acetate in particulate matter and dust fall at Dayalbagh, Agra (India), Chemosphere, 36, 2993-3002, 1998.
59. Khwaja, H. A., Atmospheric concentration of carboxylic acids and related compounds at a semiurban site, Atmos. Environ., 29, 127-139, 1995.
60. Khwaja, H. A., S. Brudnoy, and L. Husain, Chemical characterization of three summer cloud episodes at Whiteface mountain, Chemosphere, 31, 3357-3381, 1995.
61. Kumar, N., U. C. Kulshrestha, A. Saxena, K. M. Kumari, and S. S. Srivastava, Formate and acetate in monsoon rainwater of Agra, India, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 5135-5137, 1993a.
62. Kumar, N., U. C. Kulshrestha, A. Saxena, K. M. Kumari, and S. S. Srivastava, Effect of anthropogenic activity on formate and acetate levels in precipitation at four sites in Agra, India, Atmos. Environ., Part B, 27, 87-91, 1993b.
63. Kumar, N., U. C. Kulshrestha, A. Saxena, K. M. Kumari, and S. S. Srivastava, Dry deposition of formate and acetate compared at four sites in Agra, Energy Environ. Monit., 10(2), 131-135, 1994.
64. Kumar, N., U. C. Kulshrestha, A. Saxena, P. Khare, K. M. Kumari, and S. S. Srivastava, Measurements of formic and acetic acid levels in the vapour phase at Dayalbagh, Agra, India, Atmos. Environ., 30, 3545-3550, 1996a.
65. Kumar, N., U. C. Kulshrestha, A. Saxena, P. Khare, K. M. Kumari, and S. S. Srivastava, Formate and acetate levels compared in monsoon and winter rainwater at Dayalbagh, Agra (India), J. Atmos. Chem., 23, 81-87, 1996b.
66. Lacaux, J. P., J. Loemba-Ndembi, B. Lefeivere, B. Cros, and R. Delmas, Biogenic emissions and biomass burning influences on the chemistry of the fogwater and stratiform precipitations in the African equatorial forest, Atmos. Environ., Part A, 26, 541-551, 1992.
67. Lawrence, J. E., and P. Koutrakis, Measurement of atmospheric formic and acetic acids: Methods evaluation and results from field studies, Environ. Sci. Technol., 28, 957-964, 1994.
68. Lefer, B. L., et al., Enhancement of acidic gases in biomass burning impacted air masses over Canada, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 1721-1737, 1994.
69. Legrand, M., and C. Saigne, Formate, acetate and methane sulfonate measurements in Anctarctic ice: Some geochemical implications, Atmos. Environ., 22, 1011-1017, 1988.
70. Lelieveld, J., and F. J. Crutzen, Influences of cloud photochemical processes on tropospheric ozone, Nature, 343, 227-233, 1990.
71. Likens, G. E., W. C. Keene, J. M. Miller, and J. N. Galloway, Chemistry of precipitation from a remote, terrestrial site in Australia, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 13,299-13,314, 1987.
72. Liu, S. C., M. Trainer, F. C. Fehsenfeld, D. D. Parrish, E. J. Williams, D. W. Fahey, G. Huebler, and P. C. Murphy, Ozone production in the rural troposphere and the implication to regional and global ozone distribution, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 4191-4207, 1987.
73. Ludwig, J., and O. Klemm, Organic acids in different size classes of atmospheric particulate material, Tellus, Ser. B, 40, 340-347, 1988.
74. Lurmann, F. W., A. C. Lloyd, and R. Atkinson, A chemical mechanism for use in long-range transport/acid deposition computer modeling, J. Geophys. Res., 91, 10,905-10,936, 1986.
75. Madronich, S., and J. G. Calvert, Permutation reactions of organic peroxy radicals in the troposphere, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 5697-5717, 1990.
76. Madronich, S., R. B. Chatfield, J. G. Calvert, G. K. Moortgat, B. Veyret, and R. A. Lesclaux, Photochemical origin of acetic acid in the troposphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 17, 2361-2364, 1990.
77. Martin, R. S., H. Westberg, E. Allwine, L. Ashman, J. C. Farmer, and B. Lamb, Measurement of isoprene and its atmospheric oxidation products in a central Pennsylvania deciduous forest, J. Atmos. Chem., 13, 1-32, 1991.
78. Moody, J. L., A. A. P. Pszenny, A. Gaudry, W. C. Keene, J. N. Galloway, and G. Polian, Precipitation composition and its variability in the southern Indian Ocean: Amsterdam Island, 1980-1987, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 20,769-20,786, 1991.
79. Moortgat, G., B. Veyret, and R. Lesclaux, Absorption spectrum and kinetics of reactions of the acetylperoxy radical, J. Phys. Chem., 93, 2362-2368, 1989a.
80. 2 in the temperature range 253-368, Chem. Phys. Lett., 160, 443-447, 1989b.
81. Munger, J. W., J. Collett, B. Daube, and M. R. Hoffman, Fogwater chemistry of Riverside, California, Atmos. Environ., 24, 186-205, 1990.
82. Neeb, P., O. Horie, S. Limbach, F. Saver, and G. K. Moortgat, The effect of water vapour on the ozonolysis of simple alkenes under tropospheric conditions, Int. Symp. on Global Atmospheric Chemistry, Fuji-Yoshida, Japan. 1994.
83. Niki, H., P. D. Maker, C. M. Savage, and L. P. Breitenbach, FTIR study of kinetics and mechanism for C1-atom-initiated reactions of acetaldehyde, J. Phys. Chem., 89, 588-591, 1985.
84. Norton, R. B., Measurement of acetate and formate in precipitation at Niwot Ridge and Boulder, Colorado, Geophys. Res. Lett., 12, 769-772, 1985.
85. Norton, R. B., Measurements of gas phase formic and acetic acids at the Mauna Loa Observatory, Hawaii, during the Mauna Loa Observatory Photochemistry Experiment 1988, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 10,389-10,393, 1992.
86. Pandis, S. N., and J. H. Seinfeld, Should bulk cloudwater or fogwater samples obey Henry's law?, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 10,791-10,798, 1991.
87. Pierson, W. R., and W. W. Brachaczek, Dew chemistry and acid deposition in Glendora, California, during the 1986 carbonaceous species methods comparison study, Aerosol Sci. Technol., 12, 8-27, 1990.
88. Puxbaum, H., C. Rosenberg, M. Gregori, C. Lanzerstorfer, E. Ober, and W. Winiwarter, Atmospheric concentrations of formic and acetic acids and related compounds in eastern and northern Austria, Atmos. Environ., 22, 2841-2850, 1988.
89. Rasmussen, R. A., and M. A. K. Khalil, Isoprene over the Amazon Basin, J. Geophys. Res., 93, 1417-1421, 1988.
90. 2, aldehydes and organic acid in Los Angeles rainwater: Their sources and deposition rates, Atmos. Environ., Part B, 27, 203-219, 1993.
91. Sanhueza, E., Global and hemispheric changes in tropospheric chemistry, Intersciencias, 17, 208-217, 1992.
92. Sanhueza, E., and M. O. Andreae, Emission of formic and acetic acids from tropical savanna soils, Geophys. Res. Lett., 18, 1707-1710, 1991.
93. Sanhueza, E., and M. Santana, Atmospheric wet deposition in tropical America, Isr. J. Chem., 34, 327-334, 1994.
94. Sanhueza, E., W. Elbert, A. Rondon, M. C. Arias, and N. Hermoso, Organic and inorganic acids in rain from a remote site of the Venezuelan savannah, Tellus, Str. B., 41, 170-176, 1989.
95. Sanhueza, E., Z. Ferrer, J. Romero, and M. Santana, HCHO and HCOOH in tropical rains, Ambio, 20, 115-118, 1991.
96. Sanhueza, E., M. Santana, and M. Hermoso, Gas and aqueous-phase formic and acetic acids at a tropical cloud forest site, Atmos. Environ., Part A, 26, 1421-1426, 1992a.
97. Sanhueza, E., M. C. Arias, L. Donoso, N. Graterol, M. Hermoso, I. Marti, J. Romero, A. Rondon, and M. Satana, Chemical composition of acid rains in the Venezuelan savannah region, Tellus, Ser. B, 44, 54-62, 1992b.
98. Sanhueza, E., L. Figueroa, and M. Santana, Atmospheric formic and acetic acids in Venezuela, Atmos. Environ., 30, 1861-1873, 1996a.
99. Sanhueza, E., M. Santana, D. Trapp, C. de Serves, L. Figueroa, R. Romero, A. Rondon, and L. Donoso, Field measurement evidences for an atmospheric chemical source of formic and acetic acids in the tropics, Geophys. Res. Lett., 23, 1045-1048, 1996b.
100. Schafer, L., J. Kesselmeier, and G. Helas, Formic and acetic acid emission from conifers measured with a "cuvette" technique, in Field Measurements and Interpretation of Species Related to Photooxidation and Acid Deposition, edited by G. Angeletti et al., Air Pollut. Res. Rep. 39, pp. 319-323, Guyot, Brussels, Belgium, 1991.
101. Schultz-Tokos, J. J., Formic and acetic acids in the boundary layer over the North Atlantic Ocean, Ph.D. thesis, Univ. of R. I., Narragansett, 1989.
102. Schultz-Tokos, J. J., S. Tanaka, T. Morikami, H. Shigetani, and Y. Hashimoto, Gaseous formic and acetic acids in the atmosphere of Yokohoma, Japan, J. Atmos. Chem., 14, 85-94, 1992.
103. 2 Oxidation Mechanisms: Atmospheric Considerations, edited by J. G. Calvert, pp. 173-208, Butterworth, London, 1984.
104. Servant, J., G. Kouadio, B. Cros, and R. Delmas, Carboxylic monoacids in the air of Mayombe Forest (Congo): Role of the forest as a source or sink, J. Atmos. Chem., 12, 367-380, 1991.
105. 2-rich mixtures, J. Phys. Chem., 84, 239-246, 1980.
106. Talbot, R. W., K. M. Beecher, R. C. Harris, and W. R. Cofer III, Atmospheric geochemistry of formic and acetic acids at a mid-latitude temperate site, J. Geophys. Res., 93, 1638-1652, 1988.
107. Talbot, R. W., M. O. Andreae, H. Berresheim, D. J. Jacob, and K. M. Beecher, Sources and sinks of formic, acetic, and pyruvic acids over central Amazonia, 2, Wet season, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 16,799-16,811, 1990.
108. Talbot, R. W., B. W. Mosher, B. G. Heikes, D. J. Jacob, J. W. Munger, B. C. Daube, W. C. Keene, J. R. Maben, and R. S. Artz, Carboxylic acids in the rural continental atmosphere over the eastern United States during the Shenandoah Cloud and Photochemistry Experiment, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 9335-9343, 1995.
109. Talbot, R. W., et al., Chemical characteristics of continental outflow over the tropical South Atlantic Ocean from Brazil and Africa, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 24,187-24,202, 1996a.
110. Talbot, R. W., et al., Chemical characteristics of continental outflow from Asia to the troposphere over the Western Pacific Ocean during September-October 1991: Results from PEM-WEST A, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 1713-1725, 1996b.
111. Tuazon, E. C., A. M. Winer, and J. N. Pitts, Jr., Trace pollutant concentrations in a multiday smog episode in the California southcoast air basin by long path length Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Environ. Sci. Technol., 15, 1232-1237, 1981.
112. Warneck, P., Volatile hydrocarbons and halocarbons, in Chemistry of the Natural Atmosphere, pp. 223-267, Academic, San Diego, Calif., 1988.
113. Weathers, K. C., et al., Cloud water chemistry from ten sites in North America, Environ. Sci. Technol., 22, 1018-1026, 1988.
114. Wesely, M. L., Parameterisation of surface resistances to gaseous, dry deposition in regional scale numerical models, Atmos. Environ., 23, 1293-1304, 1989.
115. Winiwarter, W., H. Puxbaum, S. Fuzzi, M. C. Facchini, G. Orsi, N. Beltz, K. Enderle, and W. Jaeschke, Organic acid gas and liquid-phase measurements in the Po Valley fall-winter conditions in the presence of fog, Tellus, Ser. B, 40, 348-357, 1988.
116. Winiwarter, W., B. Brantner, and H. Puxbaum, Comment on "Should bulk cloud water or fogwater samples obey Henry's law" by S. N. Pandis and J. H. Seinfeld, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 6075-6078, 1992.
117. Winiwarter, W., et al., Henry's law and the behavior of weak acids and bases in fog and cloud, J. Atmos. Chem., 19, 173-188, 1994.