Acquired binocular horizontal diplopia

Mayo Clinic Proceedings

Volumn 74, Issue 9, 1999, Pages 907-916

  Brazis, Paul W ^a   Lee, Andrew G ^a  

^a MAYO CLINIC   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CHOLINERGIC RECEPTOR;

ABDUCENS NERVE PARALYSIS; CONVERGENT STRABISMUS; DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS; DIPLOPIA; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DIVERGENT STRABISMUS; HUMAN; MYASTHENIA GRAVIS; NEUROLOGIC DISEASE; NEUROMUSCULAR DISEASE; NEUROOPHTHALMOLOGY; REVIEW;

EID: 0032824926     PISSN: 00256196     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.4065/74.9.907     Document Type: Review

References (117)

1. von Noorden OK. Binocular Vision and Ocular Motility: Theory and Management of Strabismus. 5th ed. St Louis, Mo: Mosby; 1996.
2. DeRespinis PA, Caputo AR, Wagner RS, Guo S. Duane's retraction syndrome [published correction appears in Surv Ophthalmol. 1996:40:423]. Surv Ophthalmol. 1993;38:257-288.
3. Huber A. Electrophysiology of the retraction syndrome. Br J Ophthalmol. 1974;58:293-300.
4. Otradovec J. Obraz Duanova retrakcnfko syndromu u nâdoru mozkového kmene. Cesk Oftalmol. 1968;24:90-95.
5. Smith JL, Damast M. Acquired retraction syndrome after sixth nerve palsy. Br J Ophthalmol. 1973;57:110-114.
6. Sood GC, Srinath BS, Krishnamurthy G. Acquired Duane's retraction syndrome following Kronlein's operation. Eye Ear Nose Throat Mon. 1975;54:308-310.
7. Baker RS, Robertson WC Jr. Acquired Duane's retraction syndrome in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Ophthalmol. 1980; 12:269-272.
8. Sidikaro Y, von Noorden GK. Observations in sensory heterotropia. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 1982;19:12-19.
9. Mombaerts I, Goldschmeding R, Schlingemann RO, Koornneef L. What is orbital pseudotumor? Surv Ophthalmol. 1996;41:66-78.
10. Mombaerts I, Koornneef L. Current status in the treatment of orbital myositis. Ophthalmology. 1997; 104:402-408.
11. Mannor GE, Rose GE, Moseley IF, Wright JE. Outcome of orbital myositis: clinical features associated with recurrence. Ophthalmology. 1997;104:409-413.
12. Hartley GB, Gorman CA. Diagnostic criteria for Graves' ophthalmopathy. Am J Ophthalmol. 1995;! 19:792-795.
13. Bartley GB. The epidemiologic characteristics and clinical course of ophthalmopathy associated with autoimmune thyroid disease in Olmsted County, Minnesota. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc. 1994;92:477-588.
14. Bartley GB, Fatourechi V, Kadrmas EF, et al. The incidence of Graves' ophthalmopathy in Olmsted County, Minnesota. Am J Ophthalmol. 1995;120:511-517.
15. Bartley GB, Fatourechi V, Kadrmas EF, et al. Clinical features of Graves' ophthalmopathy in an incidence cohort. Am J Ophthalmol. 1996; 121:284-290.
16. Bartley GB, Fatourechi V, Kadrmas EF, et al. Chronology of Graves' ophthalmopathy in an incidence cohort. Am J Ophthalmol. 1996;121:426-434.
17. Vargas ME, Warren FA, Kupersmith MJ. Exotropia as a sign of myasthenia gravis in dysthyroid ophthalmopathy. Br J Ophthalmol. 1993:77:822-823.
18. Lee AG, Brazis PW. Therapeutic neuro-ophthalmology. Curr Neural. 1997:17:265-292.
19. Bever CT Jr, Aquino AV, Penn AS, Lovelace RE, Rowland LP. Prognosis of ocular myasthenia. Ann Neural. 1983:14:516-519.
20. Weinberg DA, Lesser RL, Vollmer TL. Ocular myasthenia: a protean disorder. Surv Ophthalmol. 1994;39:169-210.
21. Evoli A, Tonali P, Bartoccioni E, Lo Monaco M. Ocular myasthenia: diagnostic and therapeutic problems. Acta Neural Scand. 1988:77:31-35.
22. Oosterhuis HJ. Long-term effects of treatment in 374 patients with myasthenia gravis. Monogr Allergy. 1988:25:75-85.
23. Limburg PC, The TH, Hummel-Tappel E, Oosterhuis HJ. Antiacetylcholine receptor antibodies in myasthenia gravis, part 1: relation to clinical parameters in 250 patients. J Neural Sei. 1983:58:357-370.
24. Seybold ME. Myasthenia gravis: a clinical and basic science review. JAMA. 1983;250:2516-2521.
25. Vincent A, Newsom-Davis J. Acetylcholine receptor antibody as a diagnostic test for myasthenia gravis: results in 153 validated cases and 2967 diagnostic assays. J Neural Neurasurg Psychiatry. 1985:48:1246-1252.
26. Bartoccioni E, Sauderi F, Evoli A, Provenzano C, Flamini G. Ocular myasthenia gravis: two different diseases. Lancet. 1986:1:1038-1039.
27. Drachman DB, de Suva S, Ramsay D, Pestronk A. Humoral pathogenesis of myasthenia gravis. Ann N Y Acad Sei. 1987; 505:90-105.
28. Howard FM Jr, Lennon VA, Finley J, Matsumoto J, Elveback LR. Clinical correlations of antibodies that bind, block, or modulate human acetylcholine receptors in myasthenia gravis. Ann N Y Acad Sei. 1987:505:526-538.
29. Newsom-Davis J, Willcox N, Schluep M, et al. Immunological heterogeneity and cellular mechanisms in myasthenia gravis. Ann N Y Acad Sei. 1987:505:12-26.
30. Morel E, Vernet-der Garabedian B, Eymard B, Raimond F, Bustarret FA, Bach JF. Binding and blocking antibodies to the human acetylcholine receptor: are they selected in various myasthenia gravis forms? Immunol Res. 1988;7:212-217.
31. Soliven BC, Lange DJ, Penn AS, et al. Seronegative myasthenia gravis. Neurology. 1988:38:514-517.
32. Oh SJ, Kim DE, Kuruoglu R, Bradley RJ, Dwyer D. Diagnostic sensitivity of the laboratory tests in myasthenia gravis. Muscle Nerve. 1992:15:720-724.
33. Whyte DK. Blowout fractures of the orbit. Br J Ophthalmol. 1968;52:721-728.
34. Dodick JM, Galin MA, Kwitko M. Medial wall fracture of the orbit. Can J Ophthalmol. 1969;4:377-378.
35. Duane TD, Schatz NJ, Caputo AR. Pseudo-Duane's retraction syndrome. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc. 1977;74:122-132.
36. Eitzen JP, Elsas FJ. Strabismus following endoscopie intranasal sinus surgery. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 1991:28:168170.
37. Smith CH. Nuclear and infranuclear ocular motility disorders. In: Miller NR, Newman NJ, eds. Walsh and Hoyt's Clinical NeuroOphthalmology. 5th ed. Baltimore, Md: Williams & Wilkins; 1998:1189-1281.
38. Brazis PW, Masdeu JC, Biller J. Localization in Clinical Neurology. 3rd ed. Boston, Mass: Little, Brown and Co Inc; 1996.
39. Frohman EM, Zee DS. Ocular neuromyotonia: clinical features, physiological mechanisms, and response to therapy. Ann Neural. 1995:37:620-626.
40. Morrow MJ, Kao GW, Arnold AC. Bilateral ocular neuromyotonia: oculographic correlations. Neurology. 1996;46:264-266.
41. Ezra E, Spalton D, Sanders MD, Graham EM, Plant GT. Ocular neuromyotonia. Br J Ophthalmol. 1996:80:350-355.
42. Haupert CL, Newman NJ. Ocular neuromyotonia 18 years after radiation therapy [letter]. Arch Ophthalmol. 1997;! 15:1331-1332.
43. Chung SM, Lee AG, Holds JB, Roper-Hall G, Cruz OA. Ocular neuromyotonia in Graves dysthyroid orbitopathy. Arch Ophthalmol. 1997:115:365-370.
44. Costenbader FD, Mousel DK. Cyclic esotropia. Arch Ophthalmol. 1964;71:180-181.
45. Parlato CJ, Nelson LB, Harley RD. Cyclic strabismus. Ann Ophthalmol. 1983;15:1126-1129.
46. Frenkel RE, Brodsky MC, Spoor TC. Adult-onset cyclic esotropia and optic atrophy. J Clin Neuroophthalmol. 1986:6:27-30.
47. Pillai P, Dhand UK. Cyclic esotropia with central nervous system disease: report of two cases. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 1987:24:237-241.
48. Yamane S, Masuda K, Naitoh T, Mimura Y. The nature of cyclic esotropia [in Japanese]. Nippon Ganka Gakkai Zasshi. 1987;91: 335-338.
49. Cole MD, Hay A, Eagling EM. Cyclic esotropia in a patient with unilateral traumatic aphakia: case report. Br J Ophthalmol. 1988:72:305-308.
50. Vesela R, Divisova G. Cyclic strabismus (alternate-day esotropia, circadian heterotropia) [in Czech]. Cesk Oftalmol. 1988; 44:178-187.
51. Riordan-Eva P, Vickers SF, McCarry B, Lee JP. Cyclic strabismus without binocular function. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 1993:30:106-108.
52. Tapiero B, Pedespan JM, Rougier MB, Huslin V, Massicault B, Le Rebeller MJ. Cyclic strabismus: presentation of two new cases and critical review of the literature [in French]. J Fr Ophtalmol. 1995:18:411-420.
53. Muchnick RS, Sanfilippo S, Dunlap EA. Cyclic esotropia developing after strabismus surgery. Arch Ophthalmol. 1976;94;459460.
54. Troost BT, Abel L, Noreika J, Genovese FM. Acquired cyclic esotropia in an adult. Am J Ophthalmol. 1981;91:8-13.
55. Hamed LM, Silbiger J. Periodic alternating esotropia. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 1992;29:240-242.
56. Bielschowsky A. Lecture on Motor Abnormalities of the Eyes. Hanover, NH: Dartmouth College Publications; 1943:152.
57. Jampolsky A. Ocular divergence mechanisms. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc. 1970:68:730-822.
58. Moore S, Harbison JW, Stockbridge L. Divergence insufficiency. AmOrthoptJ. 1971;21:59-63.
59. Burian HM, Brown AW. Unusual adverse effect of prismatic corrections in a child with divergence insufficiency. Am J Ophthalmol. 1972:74:336-339.
60. Kirkham TH, Bird AC, Sanders MD. Divergence paralysis with raised intracranial pressure: an electro-oculographic study. Br J Ophthalmol. 1972;56:776-782.
61. Krohel GB, Tobin DR, Hartnett ME, Barrows N A. Divergence paralysis. Am J Ophthalmol. 1982;94:506-510.
62. Daum KM. Characteristics of exodeviations, II: changes with treatment with orthoptics. Am J Optom Physiol Opt. 1986-63244-251.
63. Scheiman M, Gallaway M, Ciner E. Divergence insufficiency: characteristics, diagnosis, and treatment. Am J Optom Physiol Opt. 1986;63:425-431.
64. Curran RE. True and simulated divergence palsy as a precursor of benign sixth nerve palsy. Binocul Vis Q. 1989;4:125-130.
65. Moller PM. Divergence paralysis. Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh). 1970;48:325-330.
66. Cunningham RD. Divergence paralysis. Am J Ophthalmol. 1972; 74:630-635.
67. Rutkowski PC, Burian HM. Divergence paralysis following head trauma. Am J Ophthalmol. 1972;73:660-662.
68. Foster S. A case of divergence paralysis. Br Orthopt J. \974;31 : 109-110.
69. Hogg JE, Schoenberg BS. Paralysis of divergence in an adult with aqueductal stenosis: case report. Arch Neural. 1979;36:511-512.
70. Arai M, Fujii S. Divergence paralysis associated with the ingestion of diazepam. J Neural. 1990;237:45-46.
71. Pinchoff BS, Slavin ML, Rosenstein D, Hyman R. Divergence paralysis as the initial sign in the Miller Fisher syndrome. Am J Ophthalmol. 1986;101:741-742.
72. Friling R, Yassur Y, Merkin L, Herishanu YO. Divergence paralysis versus bilateral sixth nerve palsy in an incomplete MillerFisher syndrome. Neuroophthalmology. 1993;13:215-217.
73. Akman A, Dayanir V, Sanaç AS, Kansu T. Acquired esotropia as presenting sign of cranio-cervical junction anomalies. Neuroophthalmology. 1995;15:311-314.
74. Lewis AR, Kline LB, Sharpe JA. Acquired esotropia due to Arnold-Chiari I malformation. J Neuroophthalmol. 1996;16:4954.
75. Schanzer B, Bordaberry M, Jeffery AR, McNeil DE, Phillips PC. The child with divergence paresis [published correction appears in Surv Ophthalmol. 1998;43:52]. Surv Ophthalmol. 1998;42:571576.
76. Burian HM, Miller JE. Comitant convergent strabismus with acute onset. Am J Ophthalmol. 1958;45(No. 4, pt 2):55-64.
77. Anderson WD, Lubow M. Astrocytoma of the corpus callosum presenting with acute comitant esotropia. Am J Ophthalmol. 1970;69:594-598.
78. Mickatavage RC. Neuro-ophthalmological disease presenting as orthoptic problems. Am Orthopt J. 1972;22:44-46.
79. Zweifach PH. Childhood esotropia with delayed appearance of cerebellar tumor. Neuroophthalmology. 1981 ; 1:291 -293.
80. Williams AS, Hoyt CS. Acute comitant esotropia in children with brain tumors. Arch Ophthalmol. 1989;107:376-378.
81. Simon JW, Waldman JB, Couture KC. Cerebellar astrocytoma manifesting as isolated, comitant esotropia in childhood. Am J Ophthalmol. 1996;121:584-586.
82. Griffin JF, Wray SH, Anderson DP. Misdiagnosis of spasm of the near reflex. Neurology. 1976;26:1018-1020.
83. Troost BT, Troost EG. Functional paralysis of horizontal gaze. Neurology. 1979;29:82-85.
84. Nirankari VS, Hameroff SB. Spasm of the near reflex. Ann Ophthalmol. 1980;12:1050-1051.
85. Keane JR. Neuro-ophthalmic signs and symptoms of hysteria. Neurology. 1982;32:757-762.
86. Tijssen CC, Goor C, Van Woerkom TCAM. Spasm of the near reflex: functional or organic disorder? Neuroophthalmology. 1983;3:59-64.
87. Newman NJ, Lesseil S. Pupillary dilatation with monocular occlusion as a sign of nonorganic oculomotor dysfunction. Am J Ophthalmol. 1989;108:461-462.
88. Goldstein JH, Schneekloth BB. Spasm of the near reflex: a spectrum of anomalies. Surv Ophthalmol. 1996;40:269-278.
89. Posiert T, Büttner T, McMonagle U, Przuntek H. Spasm of the near reflex: case report and review of the literature. Neuroophthalmology. 1997;17:149-152.
90. Caplan LR. Top of the basilar syndrome. Neurology. 1980; 30:72-79.
91. Mehler MF. The rostral basilar artery syndrome: diagnosis, etiology, prognosis. Neurology. 1989;39:9-16.
92. Gomez CR, Gomez SM, Selhorst JB. Acute thalamic esotropia. Neurology. 1988;38:1759-1762.
93. Hertle RW, Bienfang DC. Oculographic analysis of acute esotropia secondary to a thalamic hemorrhage. J Clin Neuroophthalmol. 1990;10:21-26.
94. Souders BF. Functional ocular deviations. Am Orthopt J. 1969; 19:55-58.
95. Romano PE, Stark WJ. Pseudomyopia as a presenting sign in ocular myasthenia gravis. Am J Ophthalmol. 1973;75:872-875.
96. Guiloff RJ, Whiteley A, Kelly RE. Organic convergence spasm. Acta Neural Scand. 1980;61:252-259.
97. Safran AB, Roth A, Gauthier G. Le syndrome des spasmes de convergence plus: ou spasmes de convergence symptomatiques. Klin Monatsbl Augenheilkd. 1982; 180:471473.
98. Kung FT, Lai CW. Convergence spasm [letter]. Neurology. 1983;33:1636-1637.
99. Dagi LR, Chrousos GA, Cogan DC. Spasm of the near reflex associated with organic disease. Am J Ophthalmol. 1987; 103:582-585.
100. von Noorden GK, Brown DJ, Parks M. Associated convergence and accommodative insufficiency. Doc Ophthalmol. 1973;34: 393-403.
101. Mazow ML, France TD, Finkleman S, Frank J, Jenkins P. Acute accommodative and convergence insufficiency. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc. 1989;87:158-168.
102. Ohtsuka K, Maekawa H, Takeda M, Uede N, Chiba S. Accommodation and convergence insufficiency with left middle cerebral artery occlusion. Am J Ophthalmol. 1988; 106:60-64.
103. Lee AG, Brazis PW. Clinical Pathways in N euro-Ophthalmology: An Evidence-Based Approach. New York, NY: Thieme; 1998:239-243.
104. Lindner K, Hitzenberger P, Drlicek M, Grisold W. Dissociated unilateral convergence paralysis in a patient with thalamotectal haemorrhage. J Neural Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1992;55:731733.
105. Hart CT. Disturbances of fusion following head injury. Proc R SocMed. 1969;62:704-706.
106. Pratt-Johnson JA. Central disruption of fusional amplitude. Br J Ophthalmol. 1973;57:347-350.
107. MacLellan AV. A case of recovery from traumatic loss of fusion. Br Orthopt J. 1974;31:102-103.
108. Pratt-Johnson JA, Tillson G. Acquired central disruption of fusional amplitude. Ophthalmology. 1979;86:2140-2142.
109. Harrison RJ. Loss of fusional vergence with partial loss of accommodative convergence and accommodation following head injury. Binocul Vision. 1987;2:93-100.
110. Sharpe JA, Rosenberg MA, Hoyt WF, Daroff RB. Paralytic pontine exotropia: a sign of acute unilateral pontine gaze palsy and internuclear ophthalmoplegia. Neurology. 1974;24:1076-1081.
111. Wall M, Wray SH. The one-and-a-half syndrome-a unilateral disorder of the pontine tegmentum: a study of 20 cases and review of the literature. Neurology. 1983;33:971-980.
112. Strominger MB, Mincy EJ, Strominger AI, Strominger NL. Bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia with absence of convergent eye movements: clinicopathologic correlation. J Clin Neuroophthalmol. 1986;6:57-65.
113. Johnston JL, Sharpe JA. The WEMINO syndrome-wall-eyed, monocular internuclear ophthalmoplegia: an oculographic and neuropathologic characterization [abstract]. Neurology. 1994; 44(suppl 2):A311. Abstract 734P.
114. Flitcroft DI, Saidléar CA, Stack JP, Eustace P. A proposed neuroanatomical and neurophysiological basis for WEBINO [abstract]. Neuroophthalmology. 1996;16:280. Abstract 46.
115. Komiyama A, Takamatsu K, Johkura K, Hasegawa O, Fukutake T, Hirayama K. Internuclear ophthalmoplegia and contralateral exotropia: nonparalytic pontine exotropia and WEBINO syndrome. Neuroophthalmology. 1998;19:33-44.
116. Yee RD, Cogan DG, Zee DS. Ophthalmoplegia and dissociated nystagmus in abetalipoproteinemia. Arch Ophthalmol. 1976;94: 571-575.
117. Kirkham TH. The ocular symptomatology of pituitary tumours. Proc R SocMed. 1972;65:517-518.