Accounting for bias and uncertainty in nonlinear stand density indices

Forest Science

Volumn 45, Issue 3, 1999, Pages 452-457

  Ducey, Mark J ^a   Larson, Bruce C ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NEW HAMPSHIRE   (United States)

^b Yale School of the Environment   (United States)

Author keywords

3 2 law; Bootstrap; Density management diagram; Jackknife

Indexed keywords

EID: 0032806839     PISSN: 0015749X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (27)

1. BENNETT, W.S., AND D.A MAGUIRE. 1995. A field procedure for thinning by relative density specifications: development, implementation, and relationship to stand structure. West. J. Appl. For. 10:85-90.
2. CURTIS, R.O. 1982. A simple index of stand density for Douglas-fir. For. Sci. 28:92-94.
3. DEMING, W.E. 1986. Out of the crisis. MIT Center for Advanced Engineering Study, Cambridge, MA. 507 p.
4. DREW, T.J., AND F.W. FLEWELLING. 1977. Some recent Japanese theories of yield-density relationships and their application to Monterey pine plantations. For. Sci. 23:517-534.
5. DREW, T.J., AND F.W. FLEWELLING. 1979. Stand density management: An alternative approach and its application to Douglas-fir plantations. For. Sci. 25:518-532.
6. DUCEY, M.J., AND B.C. LARSON. 1997. Thinning decisions using stand density indices: The influence of uncertainty. West. J. Appl. For. 12(3):89-92.
7. EFRON, B. 1979. Bootstrap methods: Another look at the jackknife. Ann. Statist. 7:1-26.
8. EFRON, B. 1990. More efficient bootstrap computations. J. Am. Statist. Assoc. 85:79-89.
9. EFRON, B., AND R.J. TIBSHIRANI. 1993. An Introduction to the bootstrap. Chapman and Hall, New York. 436 p.
10. GERTNER, G. 1991. Prediction bias and response surface curvature. For. Sci. 37:755-765.
11. GREGOIRE, T.G. 1984. The jacknife: An introduction with applications in forestry data analysis. Can. J. For. Res. 14: 493-497.
12. KUMAR, B.M., J.N. LONG, AND P. KUMAR. 1995. A density management diagram for teak plantations of Kerala in peninsular India. For. Ecol. Manage. 74:125-131.
13. LARSON, B.C., AND I. CAMERON. 1986. Guidelines for thinning Douglas-fir: Uses and limitations. P. 310-316 in Douglas-fir: Stand management for the future, Oliver, C.D. (eds.). Coll. of For. Resour., Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA. Inst. of For. Resour. Contrib. No. 55.
14. LONG, J.N. 1985. A practical approach to density management. For. Chron. 61:23-27.
15. LONG, J.N. 1996. A technique for the control of stocking in two-storied stands. West. J. Appl For. 11:59-61.
16. LONG, J.N., AND T.W. DANIEL. 1990. Assessment of growing stock in unevenaged stands. West. J. Appl. For. 5:93-96.
17. MARQUIS, D.A., R.L. ERNST, AND S.L. STOUT. 1984. Prescribing silvicultural treatments in hardwood stands of the Alleghenies. USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-96. 90 p.
18. QUENOUILLE, M. 1949. Approximate tests of correlation in time series. J. Roy. Statist. Soc. B 11:1844.
19. REINEKE, L.H. 1933. Perfecting a stand-density index for even-aged forests. J. Agric. Res. 46:627-638.
20. SPURR, S.H. 1952. Forest inventory. The Ronald Press Company, New York.
21. STAGE, A.R. 1968. A tree-by-tree measure of site utilization for grand fir related to stand density index. USDA For. Serv. Res. Note INT-77. 7 p.
22. STERBA, H. 1987. Estimating potential density from thinning experiments and inventory data. For. Sci. 33:1022-1034.
23. STERBA, H., AND R.A. MONSERUD. 1993. The maximum density concept applied to uneven-aged mixed-species stands. For. Sci. 39:432-452.
24. STOUT, S.L., D.A. MARQUIS, AND R.L. ERNST. 1987. A relative density measure for mixed-species stands. J. For. 85(7):45-47.
25. TUKEY, J.W. 1958. Bias and confidence in not quite large samples Ann. Math. Statist. 29:614.
26. WILSON, F.G. 1946. Numerical expression of stocking in terms of height. J. For. 44:758-761.
27. WILSON, F.G. 1979. Thinning as an orderly discipline: a graphic spacing schedule for red pine. J. For. 77:483-486.