Examiner masking in research on the effects of prenatal cocaine exposure

Journal of Drug Issues

Volumn 29, Issue 2, 1999, Pages 215-224

  Eyler, Fonda Davis ^b   Behnke, Marylou ^b   Woods, Nanci Stewart ^a   Wobie, Kathleen ^b  

^a AUSTIN PEAY STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; BIRTH WEIGHT; CAUCASIAN; COCAINE DEPENDENCE; HUMAN; MASKING; MEDICAL RESEARCH; NEGRO; PRENATAL DRUG EXPOSURE; RACE DIFFERENCE; STATISTICAL ANALYSIS;

EID: 0032793196     PISSN: 00220426     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/002204269902900204     Document Type: Article

References (24)

1. Behnke M., F.D. Eyler, C.W. Garvan, K. Wobie, and M. Conlon 1998 Congenital abnormalities in newborns with fetal cocaine exposure. Pediatr Res 43:361A.
2. Behnke M., F.D. Eyler, N.S. Woods, K. Wobie, and M. Conlon 1997 Rural pregnant cocaine users: An in-depth sociodemographic comparison. Journal of Drug Issues 27:501-524.
3. Bell N.J. and W. Carver 1980 A revaluation of gender label effects: Expectant mothers' responses to infants. Child Dev. 51:925-927.
4. Brazelton, T.B. 1984 Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (2nd edition). Clinics in Developmental Medicine (No.88) Philadelphia: J.B Lippincott Co.
5. Coles, C.D. 1993 Saying goodbye to the crack baby. Neurotoxico Teratol 1:290-292.
6. Condry J.C. and S. Condry 1976 Sex differences: A study in the eye of the beholder. Child Dev 47:812-819.
7. Condry J.C. and D.F. Ross 1985 Sex and aggression: The influence of gender label on the perception of aggression in children. Child Dev 1985;56:225-233.
8. Cronin M., M. Ludtke, and J. Willwerth 1991 Crack kids: their mothers used drugs, and now it's the kids who suffer. Time 137:56-60.
9. Day N.L. and G.A. Richardson 1993 Cocaine use and crack babies: Science, the media, and the miscommunication. Neurotoxicol Teratol 15:293-294.
10. Eyler F.D., M. Behnke, M. Conlon, N.S. Woods, and K. Wobie 1998 Part I: Birth outcome from a prospective matched study of prenatal crack/cocaine use: Interactive and dose effects on health and growth. Pediatrics 101:229-237.
11. Eyler F.D., M. Behnke, M. Conlon, N.S. Woods, and K. Wobie 1998 Part II: Birth outcome from a prospective matched study of prenatal crack/cocaine use: Interactive and dose effects on neurobehavioral assessment. Pediatrics 101:237-241.
12. Lester B.M., K. Freier, and L. LaGasse 1995 Prenatal cocaine exposure and child outcome: What do we really know? In M. Lewis and M. Bendersky (eds). Mothers, Babies and Cocaine: The Role of Toxins in Development. Hillsdale, NJ:Lawrence Earlbaum Associates, 19-39.
13. Lewis M. and M. Bendersky 1995 Mothers, Babies, and Cocaine: The Role of Toxins in Development. Hillsdale, NJ:Lawrence Earlbaum Associates.
14. Maag L, F.D. Eyler FD, N.S. Woods, M. Behnke, B. Franks, C.W. Garvan, and M. Conlon 1998 Cocaine-exposed children: Is the label itself a risk factor? International Conference on Infant Studies, Atlanta, GA, 1998. Infant Behav Dev 21:245A
15. Neuspiel, D.R. 1993 Cocaine and the fetus: Mythology of severe risk. Neurotoxicol Teratol 15:305-306
16. Rosenthal R. and L. Jacobson 1968 Pygmalion in the Classroom. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.
17. Seavy C, P. Katz, and S. Zalk 1975 Baby X: The effect of gender labels on adult responses to infants. Sex Roles. 1:103-109.
18. Stern M. and K.A. Hildebrandt 1984 A prematurity stereotype: The effects of labeling on adults' perceptions of infants. Dev Psychol.20:360-362.
19. 1986 Prematurity stereotyping: Effects on mother-infant interaction. Child Dev.57:308-315.
20. Sutton C.D. and R.W. Woodman 1989 Pygmalion goes to work: The effects of supervisor expectations in a retail setting. J Appl Psychol. 74:943-950.
21. Thurman S.K., R.A. Brobei, and J.P. Ducette 1994 Prenatally exposed to cocaine: Does the label matter? J Early Interven 18:119-130.
22. Woods N.S., M. Behnke, F.D. Eyler, M. Conlon, and K. Wobie 1995 Cocaine use among pregnant women: Socioeconomic, obstetrical, and psychological issues. In M. Lewis, M. Bendersky (eds), Mothers, Babies, and Cocaine: The Role of Toxins in Development. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc., 305-332.
23. Woods, N.S., F.D. Eyler, M. Conlon, M. Behnke, and K. Wobie 1998 Pygmalian in the cradle: Observer bias against cocaine-exposed infants. J Dev Behav Pediatr 19:49-51.
24. Zuckerman, B. and D.A. Frank 1992 Crack kids: Not broken. Pediatrics 89:337-339.