Vertical overstory canopy architecture of temperate deciduous hardwood forests in the eastern United States

Forest Science

Volumn 45, Issue 3, 1999, Pages 349-358

  Yang, Xiusheng ^a   Witcosky, Jeffrey J ^b   Miller, David R ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CONNECTICUT   (United States)

^b USDA FOREST SERVICE   (United States)

Author keywords

Boreal hardwood; Northern hardwood; Plant area index; Upland oak; Weibull cumulative distribution function

Indexed keywords

MATHEMATICAL MODELS; OPTICAL SENSORS; PLANTS (BOTANY); VEGETATION; WEIBULL DISTRIBUTION;

BOREAL HARDWOOD; NORTHERN HARDWOOD; PLANT AREA INDEX;

FORESTRY;

EID: 0032791507     PISSN: 0015749X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (42)

1. ABER, J.D. 1979. Foliage-height profiles and succession in northern hardwood forest. Ecology 60:18-23.
2. ANDERSON, D.E., ET AL. 1992. Deposition of aerially applied BT in an oak forest and its prediction with the FSCBG model. J. Appl. Meteorol. 31:1457-1466.
3. BAILEY, R.G. 1995. Description of the ecoregions of the United States. Misc. Publ. #1391, USDA For. Serv., Washington, DC. 108 p.
4. BALDOCCHI, D.D., B.A. HUTCHINSON, D.R. MATT, AND R.T. MCMILLEN, 1985. Canopy radiative transfer models for spherical and known leaf inclination angle distributions: A test in an oak-hickory forest. J. Appl. Ecol. 22:539-555.
5. BEADLE, C.L., H. TALBOT, AND P.G. JARVIS. 1982. Canopy structure and leaf area index in a mature scots pine forest. Forestry 55:105-123.
6. BROWN, M.J., AND G.G. PARKER. 1994. Canopy light transmittance in a chronosequence of mixed-species deciduous forests. Can. J. For. Res. 24:1694-1703.
7. CARMEAN, W.H., J.T. HAHN, AND R.D. JACOBS. 1989. Site index curves for forest tree species in the eastern United States. Gen. Tech. Rep. NC-128, USDA For. Serv., Washington, DC. 142 p.
8. CHASON, J.W., D.D. BALDOCCHI, AND M.A. HUSTON. 1991. A comparison of direct and indirect methods for estimating forest canopy leaf area. Agric. For. Meteorol. 57:107-128.
9. CHEN, J.M., P.D. BLANKEN, T.A. BLACK, M. GUILBEAULT, AND S. CHEN. 1997. Radiation regime and canopy architecture in a Boreal aspen forest. Agric. For. Meteorol. 86:107-125.
10. CHEN, J.M., AND J. CIHLAR. 1995. Quantifying the effect of canopy architecture on optical measurements of leaf area index using two gap size analyses methods. IEEE Trans. Geos. Remote Sensing 33:777-787.
11. ELLSWORTH, D.S., AND P.B. REICH. 1993. Canopy structure and vertical patterns of photosynthesis and related leaf traits in a deciduous forest. Oecologia 96:169-178.
12. EYRE, F.H. 1980. Forest cover types of the United States and Canada. Soc. Am. For., Bethesda. MD. 148 p.
13. FITZJARRALD, D.R., AND K.E. MOORE. 1995. Physical mechanisms of heat and mass exchange between forests and the atmosphere. P. 45-72 in Forest Canopies, Lowman, M.D., and N.M. Nadkarni (eds.). Academic Press, San Diego, CA.
14. FRITCHEN, L.J. 1985. Characterization of boundary conditions affecting forest environmental phenomena. P. 3-23 in The Forest-Atmosphere Interation, Hutchinson, B.A., and B.B. Hicks (eds.). D. Ridel Co., Boston, MA.
15. 1976. Crown structure and distribution of biomass in a lodgepole pine stand. USDA For. Serv. Res. Pap. RM-165.
16. GOWER, S.T., AND J.M. NORMAN. 1991. Rapid estimation of leaf area index in conifer and broad-leaf plantations. Ecology 72:1896-1900.
17. HAMPF, F.E. 1965. Site index curves for some forest species in the eastern United States. USDA For. Serv., Eastern Region, Upper Darby, PA. 87 p.
18. HE, Y., X. YANG, AND D.R. MILLER. 1996, Modeling plant canopy micrometeorology with transilient turbulence theory. Tech. Rep. to the US Army Research Office. 160 p.
19. HOLLINGER, D.Y. 1989. Canopy organization and foliage photosynthetic capacity in a broad-leaved evergreen montane forest. Funct. Ecol. 3:53-62.
20. HORN, H.S. 1971. The adaptive geometry of trees. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ. 144 p.
21. HUSCH, B., C.I. MILLER, AND T.W. BEERS. 1972. Forest mensuration. Ed. 2. Ronald, New York. 410 p.
22. HUTCHISON, B.A., ET AL.. 1986. The architecture of a deciduous forest canopy in eastern Tennessee. J. Ecol. 74:635-646.
23. KRUIJT, B. 1989. Estimating canopy structure of an oak forest at several scales. Forestry 62:269-284.
24. LOWMAN, M.D., AND N.M. NADKARNI. 1995. Forest canopies. Academic Press, San Diego, CA. 624 p.
25. MASSMAN, W.J. 1982. Foliage distribution in old-growth coniferous tree canopies. Can J. For. Res. 12:10-17.
26. MILLER D.R., AND R.M. CIONCO. 1996. Measurement of zero-plane displacement in tree stands using within-canopy wind and leaf area density profiles. Preprints of the 12th Conf. on Biometeorology and Aerobiology J43-J45. AMS, Boston, MA.
27. MEYERS, T.P., AND K.T. PAW U. 1987. Modeling the plant canopy microenvironment with higher-order closure principles. Agric. For. Meteorol. 41:143-163.
28. NADKARNI, N.M., AND G.G. PARKER. 1994. A profile of forest canopy science and scientists - who we are, what we want to know, and obstacles we face: results of an international survey. Selbyana 15:38-50.
29. PARKER, G.G. 1995. Structure and microclimate of forest canopies. P. 73-106 in Forest canopies, Lowman, M.D., and N.M. Nadkarni (eds.). Academic Press, San Diego, CA.
30. PARKER, G.G., J.P. O'NEILL, AND D. HIGMAN. 1989. Vertical profile and canopy organization in a mixed deciduous forest. Vegetatio 89:1-12.
31. POWELL, D.S., J.L. FAULKNER, D.R. DARR, Z. ZHU, AND D.W. MACCLEERY. 1993. Forest resources of the United States, 1992. Gen. Tech. Rep. RM-234, USDA For. Serv., Washington, DC. 132 p.
32. 2 exchange of oak-maple forests: influence of ozone, nitrogen, and other factors on simulated carbon gain. Tree Physiol. 7:329-345.
33. SPURR, S.H., AND B.V. BARNES. 1980. Forest ecology. Wiley, New York. 687 p.
34. STATSOFT. 1994. STATISTICA for Windows. StatSoft, Tulsa, OK. 3,958 p.
35. STEPHENS, G.R. 1969. Productivity of red pine. I. Foliage distribution in tree crown and stand canopy. Agric. Meteorol. 6:275-282.
36. VAN KEULEN, H., J. GOUDRIAAN. AND N.G. SELIGMAN. 1989. Modeling the effects of nitrogen on canopy development and crop growth. P. 83-104 in Plant canopies: Their growth, form and function, Russell, G.B. et al. (eds.). Cambridge University Press, New York.
37. VOSE, J.M., N.H. SULLIVAN, B.D. CLINTON, AND P.V. BOLSTAD. 1995. Vertical leaf area distribution, light transmittance, and application of the Beer-Lambert Law in four mature hardwood stands in the southern Appalachians. Can. J. For. Res. 25:1036-1043.
38. WANG, Y.S., AND D.R. MILLER. 1987. Calculation of the hemispherical photographic technique to measure leaf area index distributions in hardwood forests. For. Sci. 33:210-216.
39. WANG, Y.S., D.R. MILLER, J.M. WELLES, AND G.M. HEISLER. 1992. Spatial variability of canopy foliage in an oak forest estimated with fisheye sensors. For. Sci. 38:854-865.
40. WELLES, J.M. 1990. Some indirect methods of estimating canopy structure. Remote Sensing Rev. 5:31-43.
41. WELLS, J.M., AND J.M. NORMAN. 1991. Instrument for indirect measurement of canopy architecture. Agron. J. 83: 818-825.
42. YANG, X., D.R. MILLER, AND M.E. MONTGOMERY. 1993. Vertical distributions of canopy foliage and biological active radiation in a defoliated/refoliated hardwood forest. Agric. For. Meteorol. 67:129-146.