메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 59, Issue SUPPL. 2, 1999, Pages 179-187

Future prospects for the chemotherapy of Chagas' disease

Author keywords

Drug discovery; Leishmaniasis; Target validation; Trypanosomiasis; Trypanothione reductase

Indexed keywords

ALLOPURINOL; BENZNIDAZOLE; ERGOSTEROL; ETHER LIPID; FOLIC ACID; MESSENGER RNA; NIFURTIMOX; PROTEINASE; PTERIDINE; PURINE; TRYPANOTHIONE;

EID: 0032790777     PISSN: 00257680     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Conference Paper
Times cited : (40)

References (108)
  • 1
    • 0027196445 scopus 로고
    • The challenge of Chagas' disease chemotherapy: An update of drugs assayed against
    • de Castro SL. The challenge of Chagas' disease chemotherapy: an update of drugs assayed against Trypanosoma cruzi. Acta Trop 1993; 53: 83-98.
    • (1993) Trypanosoma Cruzi. Acta Trop , vol.53 , pp. 83-98
    • De Castro, S.L.1
  • 2
    • 0033003357 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chemotherapy of Chagas' disease: The how and the why
    • Urbina JA. Chemotherapy of Chagas' disease: the how and the why. J Mol Med 1999; 77: 332-8.
    • (1999) J Mol Med , vol.77 , pp. 332-338
    • Urbina, J.A.1
  • 3
    • 0021831780 scopus 로고
    • Existing chemotherapy and its limitations
    • Gutteridgs WE. Existing chemotherapy and its limitations. Brlt Med Bull 1985; 41: 162-8.
    • (1985) Brlt Med Bull , vol.41 , pp. 162-168
    • Gutteridgs, W.E.1
  • 4
    • 0022817715 scopus 로고
    • Chemotherapy for Chagas' disease: A perspective of current therapy and considerations for future research
    • Marr JJ, Docampo R. Chemotherapy for Chagas' disease: a perspective of current therapy and considerations for future research. Rev Inf Dis 1986; 8: 884-903.
    • (1986) Rev Inf Dis , vol.8 , pp. 884-903
    • Marr, J.J.1    Docampo, R.2
  • 5
    • 0030921823 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A structure-based approach to drug discovery; crystallography and implications for the development of antiparasite drugs
    • Hunter WN. A structure-based approach to drug discovery; crystallography and implications for the development of antiparasite drugs. Parasitology 1997; 114: S17-S29.
    • (1997) Parasitology , vol.114
    • Hunter, W.N.1
  • 6
    • 0029279020 scopus 로고
    • Rational drug design: A multidisciplinary approach
    • Hunter WN. Rational drug design: a multidisciplinary approach. Mol Med Today 1995; 1: 31-4.
    • (1995) Mol Med Today , vol.1 , pp. 31-34
    • Hunter, W.N.1
  • 7
    • 0027990769 scopus 로고
    • Rational drug design in parasitology
    • Douglas KT. Rational drug design in parasitology. Parasitol Today 1994; 10: 389-92.
    • (1994) Parasitol Today , vol.10 , pp. 389-392
    • Douglas, K.T.1
  • 8
    • 0026730489 scopus 로고
    • Structure-based strategies for drug design and discovery
    • Kuntz ID. Structure-based strategies for drug design and discovery. Science 1992; 257: 1078-82.
    • (1992) Science , vol.257 , pp. 1078-1082
    • Kuntz, I.D.1
  • 9
    • 0022785324 scopus 로고
    • Protein crystallography and computer graphics - Towards rational drug design
    • Hol WGJ Protein crystallography and computer graphics - towards rational drug design. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1986; 25: 767-78.
    • (1986) Angew Chem Int Ed Engl , vol.25 , pp. 767-778
    • Hol, W.G.J.1
  • 10
    • 0033087887 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacological approaches to antitrypanosomal chemotherapy
    • Croft SL. Pharmacological approaches to antitrypanosomal chemotherapy. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 1999; 94: 215-20.
    • (1999) Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz , vol.94 , pp. 215-220
    • Croft, S.L.1
  • 11
    • 0030883947 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Validating targets for antiparasite chemotherapy
    • Wang CC. Validating targets for antiparasite chemotherapy. Parasitology 1997; 114: S31-S44.
    • (1997) Parasitology , vol.114
    • Wang, C.C.1
  • 12
    • 0030803896 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic analysis of purine metabolism in Leishmania donovani
    • Hwang HY, Ullman B. Genetic analysis of purine metabolism in Leishmania donovani. J Biol Chem 1997; 272: 19488-96.
    • (1997) J Biol Chem , vol.272 , pp. 19488-19496
    • Hwang, H.Y.1    Ullman, B.2
  • 13
    • 0029806952 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Creation of homozygous mutants of Leishmania donovani with single targeting constructs
    • Hwang HY, Gilberts T, Jardim A, Shlh S, Ullman B. Creation of homozygous mutants of Leishmania donovani with single targeting constructs. J Biol Chem 1996; 271: 30840-6.
    • (1996) J Biol Chem , vol.271 , pp. 30840-30846
    • Hwang, H.Y.1    Gilberts, T.2    Jardim, A.3    Shlh, S.4    Ullman, B.5
  • 14
    • 0018135606 scopus 로고
    • Antitrypanosomal effect of allopurinol: Conversion in vivo to aminopyrazolopyrimidine nucleotides by Trypanosoma cruzi
    • Marr JJ, Berens RL, Nelson DJ. Antitrypanosomal effect of allopurinol: conversion in vivo to aminopyrazolopyrimidine nucleotides by Trypanosoma cruzi. Science 1978; 201: 1018-20.
    • (1978) Science , vol.201 , pp. 1018-1020
    • Marr, J.J.1    Berens, R.L.2    Nelson, D.J.3
  • 15
    • 0027410144 scopus 로고
    • Plasticity in chromosome number and testing of essential genes in Leishmania by targeting
    • Cruz AK, Titus R, Beverley SM. Plasticity in chromosome number and testing of essential genes in Leishmania by targeting Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1993; 90: 1599-603.
    • (1993) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.90 , pp. 1599-1603
    • Cruz, A.K.1    Titus, R.2    Beverley, S.M.3
  • 16
    • 0029830610 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gene disruptiors indicate an essential function for the LmmCRK1 cdc2-related kinase of Leishmania mexicana
    • Mottram JC, McCready BP, Brown KG, Grant KM. Gene disruptiors indicate an essential function for the LmmCRK1 cdc2-related kinase of Leishmania mexicana. Mol Microblol 1996; 22: 573-82.
    • (1996) Mol Microblol , vol.22 , pp. 573-582
    • Mottram, J.C.1    McCready, B.P.2    Brown, K.G.3    Grant, K.M.4
  • 17
    • 0031854156 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence that trypanothlone reductase is an essential enzyme in Leishmania by targeted replacement of the tryA gene locus
    • Tovar J, Wilkinson S, Mottram JC, Fairlamb AH. Evidence that trypanothlone reductase is an essential enzyme in Leishmania by targeted replacement of the tryA gene locus. Mol Microblol 1998; 29: 653-60.
    • (1998) Mol Microblol , vol.29 , pp. 653-660
    • Tovar, J.1    Wilkinson, S.2    Mottram, J.C.3    Fairlamb, A.H.4
  • 18
    • 0028989439 scopus 로고
    • Inducible gene expression in trypanosomes mediated by a prokaryotic represser
    • Wirtz E, Clayton C. Inducible gene expression in trypanosomes mediated by a prokaryotic represser. Science 1995; 268: 1179-82.
    • (1995) Science , vol.268 , pp. 1179-1182
    • Wirtz, E.1    Clayton, C.2
  • 19
    • 0030929481 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Designer drugs: Pipe-dreams or realities?
    • Gutteridge WE. Designer drugs: pipe-dreams or realities? Parasitology 1997; 114: S145-S151.
    • (1997) Parasitology , vol.114
    • Gutteridge, W.E.1
  • 20
    • 0031282305 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasmodium: Drug discovery and development - An industrial perspective
    • Ridley RG. Plasmodium: drug discovery and development - an industrial perspective. Exp Parasitol 1997; 87: 293-304.
    • (1997) Exp Parasitol , vol.87 , pp. 293-304
    • Ridley, R.G.1
  • 21
    • 0008774595 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microplate assays for high-throughput screening
    • Nakayama GR. Microplate assays for high-throughput screening. Curr Opin Drug Disc Devel 1998; 1: 85-91.
    • (1998) Curr Opin Drug Disc Devel , vol.1 , pp. 85-91
    • Nakayama, G.R.1
  • 22
    • 0026793462 scopus 로고
    • Metabolism and functions of trypanothione in the kinetoplastida
    • Fairlamb AH, Cerami A. Metabolism and functions of trypanothione in the Kinetoplastida. Annu Rev Microbiol 1992; 46: 695-729.
    • (1992) Annu Rev Microbiol , vol.46 , pp. 695-729
    • Fairlamb, A.H.1    Cerami, A.2
  • 23
    • 0031057528 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diamine auxotrophy may be a universal feature of Trypanosoma cruzl epimastigotes
    • Ariyanayagam MR, Fairlamb AH. Diamine auxotrophy may be a universal feature of Trypanosoma cruzl epimastigotes. Mol Biochem Parasitol 1997; 84: 111-21.
    • (1997) Mol Biochem Parasitol , vol.84 , pp. 111-121
    • Ariyanayagam, M.R.1    Fairlamb, A.H.2
  • 24
    • 0029898712 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of a high-affinity diamine transport system in Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigotes
    • Le Quesne SA, Fairlamb AH. Regulation of a high-affinity diamine transport system in Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigotes. Biochem J 1996; 316: 481-6.
    • (1996) Biochem J , vol.316 , pp. 481-486
    • Le Quesne, S.A.1    Fairlamb, A.H.2
  • 25
    • 0028670451 scopus 로고
    • 9bis(glutathionyl)aminopropylcadaverine (homotrypanothione) in Trypanosoma cruzi
    • 9bis(glutathionyl)aminopropylcadaverine (homotrypanothione) in Trypanosoma cruzi. Eur J Biochem 1994; 226: 1019-27.
    • (1994) Eur J Biochem , vol.226 , pp. 1019-1027
    • Hunter, K.J.1    Le Quesne, S.A.2    Fairlamb, A.H.3
  • 26
    • 0002232139 scopus 로고
    • Antioxidant mechanisms
    • Marr, JJ, Müller, M, editors. London: Academic Press
    • Docampo R. Antioxidant mechanisms, In: Marr, JJ, Müller, M, editors. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Parasites. London: Academic Press, 1995: 147-60.
    • (1995) Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Parasites , pp. 147-160
    • Docampo, R.1
  • 27
    • 0025166484 scopus 로고
    • Sensitivity of parasites to free radical damage by antiparasitic drugs
    • Docampo R. Sensitivity of parasites to free radical damage by antiparasitic drugs. Chem Biol Interact 1990; 73: 1-27.
    • (1990) Chem Biol Interact , vol.73 , pp. 1-27
    • Docampo, R.1
  • 28
    • 0023810590 scopus 로고
    • "Subversive" substrates for the enzyme trypanothione disulfide reductase: Alternative approach to chemotherapy of Chagas' disease
    • Henderson GB, Ulrich P, Fairlamb AH, Rosenberg I, Pereira M, Sela M, Cerami A, "Subversive" substrates for the enzyme trypanothione disulfide reductase: alternative approach to chemotherapy of Chagas' disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1988; 85: 5374-78.
    • (1988) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.85 , pp. 5374-5378
    • Henderson, G.B.1    Ulrich, P.2    Fairlamb, A.H.3    Rosenberg, I.4    Pereira, M.5    Sela, M.6    Cerami, A.7
  • 29
    • 0023051830 scopus 로고
    • Purification and characterization of trypanothione reductase from Crithidia fasciculata, a newly discovered member of the family of disulphide-containlng flavoprotein reductases
    • Shames SL, Fairlamb AH, Cerami A, Walsh CT. Purification and characterization of trypanothione reductase from Crithidia fasciculata, a newly discovered member of the family of disulphide-containlng flavoprotein reductases. Biochemistry 1986; 25: 3519-26.
    • (1986) Biochemistry , vol.25 , pp. 3519-3526
    • Shames, S.L.1    Fairlamb, A.H.2    Cerami, A.3    Walsh, C.T.4
  • 30
    • 0029017095 scopus 로고
    • Trypanothione reductase from Leist mania donovani-purification, characterisation and inhibition by trivalent antimonials
    • Cunningham ML, Fairlamb AH. Trypanothione reductase from Leist mania donovani-Purification, characterisation and inhibition by trivalent antimonials. Eur J Biochem 1995; 230: 460-8.
    • (1995) Eur J Biochem , vol.230 , pp. 460-468
    • Cunningham, M.L.1    Fairlamb, A.H.2
  • 31
    • 0023150396 scopus 로고
    • Trypanothione reductase from Trypanosoma cruzi: Purification and characterization of the crystalline enzyme
    • Krauth-Siegel RL, Enders B, Henderson GB, Fairlamb AH, Schirmer RH. Trypanothione reductase from Trypanosoma cruzi: purification and characterization of the crystalline enzyme. Eur J Biochem 1987; 164: 123-8.
    • (1987) Eur J Biochem , vol.164 , pp. 123-128
    • Krauth-Siegel, R.L.1    Enders, B.2    Henderson, G.B.3    Fairlamb, A.H.4    Schirmer, R.H.5
  • 33
    • 0031050353 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glutathione-dependent activities of Trypanosoma cruzi p52 makes it a new member of the thiol: Disulphide oxidoreductase family
    • Moutiez M, Quemeneur E, Sergheraert C, Lucas V, Tartar A, Davioud-Charvet E. Glutathione-dependent activities of Trypanosoma cruzi p52 makes it a new member of the thiol:disulphide oxidoreductase family. Biochem J 1997; 322: 43-8.
    • (1997) Biochem J , vol.322 , pp. 43-48
    • Moutiez, M.1    Quemeneur, E.2    Sergheraert, C.3    Lucas, V.4    Tartar, A.5    Davioud-Charvet, E.6
  • 35
    • 0030861413 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A unique cascade of oxidoreductases catalyses trypanothione-mediated peroxide metabolism in Crithidia fasciculata
    • Nogoceke E, Gommel DU, Kiess M, Kalisz HM, Flohé L. A unique cascade of oxidoreductases catalyses trypanothione-mediated peroxide metabolism in Crithidia fasciculata. Biol Chem 1997; 378: 827-36.
    • (1997) Biol Chem , vol.378 , pp. 827-836
    • Nogoceke, E.1    Gommel, D.U.2    Kiess, M.3    Kalisz, H.M.4    Flohé, L.5
  • 36
    • 0023263401 scopus 로고
    • Trypanothione dependent peroxide metabolism in Crithidia fasciculata and Trypanosoma brucei
    • Henderson GB, Fairlamb AH, Cerami A. Trypanothione dependent peroxide metabolism in Crithidia fasciculata and Trypanosoma brucei. Mol Biochem Parasitol 1987; 24: 39-45.
    • (1987) Mol Biochem Parasitol , vol.24 , pp. 39-45
    • Henderson, G.B.1    Fairlamb, A.H.2    Cerami, A.3
  • 38
    • 0032582843 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cloning, expression and reconstitution of the trypanothione-dependent peroxidase system of Crithidia fasciculata
    • Tetaud E, Fairlamb AH. Cloning, expression and reconstitution of the trypanothione-dependent peroxidase system of Crithidia fasciculata. Mol Biochem Parasitol 1998; 96: 111-23.
    • (1998) Mol Biochem Parasitol , vol.96 , pp. 111-123
    • Tetaud, E.1    Fairlamb, A.H.2
  • 39
    • 0032570772 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sequence analysis of the tryparedoxin peroxidase gene from Crithidia fasciculata and its functional expression in Escherichia coli
    • Montemartini M, Nogoceke E, Singh M, Steinert P, Flohé L, Kalisz HM. Sequence analysis of the tryparedoxin peroxidase gene from Crithidia fasciculata and its functional expression in Escherichia coli. J Biol Chem 1998; 273: 4864-71.
    • (1998) J Biol Chem , vol.273 , pp. 4864-4871
    • Montemartini, M.1    Nogoceke, E.2    Singh, M.3    Steinert, P.4    Flohé, L.5    Kalisz, H.M.6
  • 40
    • 0027375651 scopus 로고
    • Trypanothione-dependent peroxide metabolism in Trypanosoma cruzi different stages
    • Carnieri EGS, Moreno SNJ, Docampo R. Trypanothione-dependent peroxide metabolism in Trypanosoma cruzi different stages. Mol Biochem Parasitol 1993; 61: 79-86.
    • (1993) Mol Biochem Parasitol , vol.61 , pp. 79-86
    • Carnieri, E.G.S.1    Moreno, S.N.J.2    Docampo, R.3
  • 41
    • 0032582721 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification and characterisation of a functional peroxidoxin from Leishmania major
    • Levick MP, Tetaud E, Fairlamb AH, Blackwell JM. Identification and characterisation of a functional peroxidoxin from Leishmania major. Mol Biochem Parasitol 1998; 96: 125-37.
    • (1998) Mol Biochem Parasitol , vol.96 , pp. 125-137
    • Levick, M.P.1    Tetaud, E.2    Fairlamb, A.H.3    Blackwell, J.M.4
  • 42
    • 0019496070 scopus 로고
    • Purification of the glutathione-s-transferass of Trypanosoma cruzi
    • Yawetz A, Agosin M. Purification of the glutathione-S-transferass of Trypanosoma cruzi. Comp Biochem Physiol 1981; 68B: 237-43.
    • (1981) Comp Biochem Physiol , vol.68 B , pp. 237-243
    • Yawetz, A.1    Agosin, M.2
  • 43
    • 0018933596 scopus 로고
    • Glutathione-S-transferase and drug metabolism in Trypanosoma cruzi: In vivo and in vitro formation of thioethers
    • Yawetz A, Agosin M. Glutathione-S-transferase and drug metabolism in Trypanosoma cruzi: in vivo and in vitro formation of thioethers. Comp Biochem Physiol 1980; 66C: 265-7.
    • (1980) Comp Biochem Physiol , vol.66 C , pp. 265-267
    • Yawetz, A.1    Agosin, M.2
  • 45
    • 0029914454 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An ATP-dependent as(III)-glutathione transport system in membrane vesicles of Leishmania tarentolae
    • Dey S, Ouellette M, Lightbody J, Papadopoulou B, Rosen BP. An ATP-dependent As(III)-glutathione transport system in membrane vesicles of Leishmania tarentolae. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1996; 93: 2192-7.
    • (1996) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.93 , pp. 2192-2197
    • Dey, S.1    Ouellette, M.2    Lightbody, J.3    Papadopoulou, B.4    Rosen, B.P.5
  • 47
    • 0021891877 scopus 로고
    • Role of reversible oxidation-reduction of enzyme thiols-disulfides in metabolic regulation
    • Ziegler DM. Role of reversible oxidation-reduction of enzyme thiols-disulfides in metabolic regulation. Annu Rev Biochem 1985; 54: 305-29.
    • (1985) Annu Rev Biochem , vol.54 , pp. 305-329
    • Ziegler, D.M.1
  • 48
    • 0027203018 scopus 로고
    • Feedback regulation of mammalian ornithine decarboxylase. Studies using a transient expression system
    • Lovkvist E, Stjernborg L, Persson L. Feedback regulation of mammalian ornithine decarboxylase. Studies using a transient expression system. Eur J Biochem 1993; 215: 753-59.
    • (1993) Eur J Biochem , vol.215 , pp. 753-759
    • Lovkvist, E.1    Stjernborg, L.2    Persson, L.3
  • 49
    • 0027238083 scopus 로고
    • 1-acetyltransferase - The turning point in polyamine metabolism
    • 1-acetyltransferase - The turning point in polyamine metabolism. FASEB J 1993; 7: 653-61.
    • (1993) FASEB J , vol.7 , pp. 653-661
    • Casero R.A., Jr.1    Pegg, A.E.2
  • 50
    • 0026695481 scopus 로고
    • Sequestered end products and enzyme regulation: The case of ornithine decarboxylase
    • Davis RH, Morris DR, Coffino P. Sequestered end products and enzyme regulation: The case of ornithine decarboxylase. Microbiol Rev 1992; 56: 280-90.
    • (1992) Microbiol Rev , vol.56 , pp. 280-290
    • Davis, R.H.1    Morris, D.R.2    Coffino, P.3
  • 51
    • 0025689748 scopus 로고
    • Management of polyamine pools and the regulation of ornithine decarboxylase
    • Davis RH. Management of polyamine pools and the regulation of ornithine decarboxylase. J Cell Biochem 1990; 44: 199-205.
    • (1990) J Cell Biochem , vol.44 , pp. 199-205
    • Davis, R.H.1
  • 52
    • 0028964290 scopus 로고
    • Rat antizyme inhibits the activity but does not promote the degradation of mouse ornithine decarboxylase in Trypanosoma brucei
    • Hua SB, Li X, Coffino P, Wang CC. Rat antizyme inhibits the activity but does not promote the degradation of mouse ornithine decarboxylase in Trypanosoma brucei. J Biol Chem 1995; 270: 10264-71.
    • (1995) J Biol Chem , vol.270 , pp. 10264-10271
    • Hua, S.B.1    Li, X.2    Coffino, P.3    Wang, C.C.4
  • 53
    • 0025282471 scopus 로고
    • Trypanosome ornithine decarboxylase is stable because it lacks sequences found in the carboxyl terminus of the mouse enzyme which target the latter for intracellular degradation
    • Ghoda L, Phillips MA, Bass KE, Wang CC, Coffino P. Trypanosome ornithine decarboxylase is stable because it lacks sequences found in the carboxyl terminus of the mouse enzyme which target the latter for intracellular degradation. J Biol Chem 1990; 265: 11823-6.
    • (1990) J Biol Chem , vol.265 , pp. 11823-11826
    • Ghoda, L.1    Phillips, M.A.2    Bass, K.E.3    Wang, C.C.4    Coffino, P.5
  • 54
    • 0024205515 scopus 로고
    • Trypanosoma brucei ornithine decarboxylase: Enzyme purification, characterization, and expression in Escherichia coli
    • Phillips MA, Coffino P, Wang CC. Trypanosoma brucei ornithine decarboxylase: enzyme purification, characterization, and expression in Escherichia coli. J Biol Chem 1988; 263: 17933-41.
    • (1988) J Biol Chem , vol.263 , pp. 17933-17941
    • Phillips, M.A.1    Coffino, P.2    Wang, C.C.3
  • 55
    • 0023219692 scopus 로고
    • Cloning and sequencing of the ornithine decarboxylase gene from Trypanosoma brucei: Implications for enzyme turnover and selective difluoromethylornithine inhibition
    • Phillips MA, Coffino P, Wang CC. Cloning and sequencing of the ornithine decarboxylase gene from Trypanosoma brucei: implications for enzyme turnover and selective difluoromethylornithine inhibition. J Biol Chem 1987; 262: 8721-7.
    • (1987) J Biol Chem , vol.262 , pp. 8721-8727
    • Phillips, M.A.1    Coffino, P.2    Wang, C.C.3
  • 56
    • 0002486260 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polyamine metabolism in trypanosomes
    • Hide, G, Mottram, JC, Coombs, GH, Holmes, PH, editors. Wallingford: CAB International
    • Fairlamb AH, Le Quesne SA. Polyamine metabolism in trypanosomes. In: Hide, G, Mottram, JC, Coombs, GH, Holmes, PH, editors. Trypanosomiasis and Leishmaniasis: Biology and Control. Wallingford: CAB International, 1997: 149-61.
    • (1997) Trypanosomiasis and Leishmaniasis: Biology and Control , pp. 149-161
    • Fairlamb, A.H.1    Le Quesne, S.A.2
  • 57
    • 0023832140 scopus 로고
    • Levels of polyamines, glutathione and glutathione-spermidine conjugates during growth of the insect trypanosomatid Crithidia fasciculata
    • Shim H, Fairlamb AH. Levels of polyamines, glutathione and glutathione-spermidine conjugates during growth of the insect trypanosomatid Crithidia fasciculata. J Gen Microbiol 1988; 134: 807-17.
    • (1988) J Gen Microbiol , vol.134 , pp. 807-817
    • Shim, H.1    Fairlamb, A.H.2
  • 58
    • 0016788549 scopus 로고
    • Isolation, characterization, and turnover of glutathionylspermidine from Escherichia coli
    • Tabor H, Tabor CW. Isolation, characterization, and turnover of glutathionylspermidine from Escherichia coli. J Biol Chem 1975; 250: 2648-54.
    • (1975) J Biol Chem , vol.250 , pp. 2648-2654
    • Tabor, H.1    Tabor, C.W.2
  • 60
    • 0029036040 scopus 로고
    • Glutathionylspermidine metabolism in Escherichia coli. Purification, cloning, overproduction, and characterization of a bifunctional glutathionylspermidine synthetase/ amidase
    • Bollinger JMJ, Kwon DS, Huisman GW, Kolter R, Walsh CT. Glutathionylspermidine metabolism in Escherichia coli. Purification, cloning, overproduction, and characterization of a bifunctional glutathionylspermidine synthetase/ amidase. J Biol Chem 1995; 270: 14031-41.
    • (1995) J Biol Chem , vol.270 , pp. 14031-14041
    • Bollinger, J.M.J.1    Kwon, D.S.2    Huisman, G.W.3    Kolter, R.4    Walsh, C.T.5
  • 61
    • 0032584748 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cloning and characterization of the two enzymes responsible for trypanothione biosynthesis in Crithidia fasciculata
    • Tetaud E, Manai F, Barrett MP, Nadeau K, Walsh CT, Fairlamb AH. Cloning and characterization of the two enzymes responsible for trypanothione biosynthesis in Crithidia fasciculata. J Biol Chem 1998; 273:19383-90.
    • (1998) J Biol Chem , vol.273 , pp. 19383-19390
    • Tetaud, E.1    Manai, F.2    Barrett, M.P.3    Nadeau, K.4    Walsh, C.T.5    Fairlamb, A.H.6
  • 64
    • 0023278434 scopus 로고
    • Substrate specificity of the flavoprotein trypanothione disulfide reductase from Crithidia fasciculata
    • Henderson GB, Fairlamb AH, Ulrich P, Ceraml A. Substrate specificity of the flavoprotein trypanothione disulfide reductase from Crithidia fasciculata. Biochemistry 1987; 26: 3023-7.
    • (1987) Biochemistry , vol.26 , pp. 3023-3027
    • Henderson, G.B.1    Fairlamb, A.H.2    Ulrich, P.3    Ceraml, A.4
  • 65
    • 0031037117 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Substrate specificity of trypanothione reductase
    • Marsh IR, Bradley M. Substrate specificity of trypanothione reductase. Eur J Biochem 1997; 243: 690-4.
    • (1997) Eur J Biochem , vol.243 , pp. 690-694
    • Marsh, I.R.1    Bradley, M.2
  • 66
    • 0024521456 scopus 로고
    • Trypanothione reductase from Trypanosoma cruzi: Catalytic properties of the enzyme and inhibition studies with trypanocidal compounds
    • Jockers-Scherubl MC, Schirmer RH, Krauth-Siegel RL. Trypanothione reductase from Trypanosoma cruzi: catalytic properties of the enzyme and inhibition studies with trypanocidal compounds. Eur J Biochem 1989; 180: 267-72.
    • (1989) Eur J Biochem , vol.180 , pp. 267-272
    • Jockers-Scherubl, M.C.1    Schirmer, R.H.2    Krauth-Siegel, R.L.3
  • 67
    • 0028921346 scopus 로고
    • Site-directed mutagenesis of the redox-active cysteines of Trypanosoma cruzi trypanothione reductase
    • Borges A, Cunningham ML, Tovar J, Fairlamb AH. Site-directed mutagenesis of the redox-active cysteines of Trypanosoma cruzi trypanothione reductase. Eur J Biochem 1995; 228: 745-52.
    • (1995) Eur J Biochem , vol.228 , pp. 745-752
    • Borges, A.1    Cunningham, M.L.2    Tovar, J.3    Fairlamb, A.H.4
  • 68
    • 0030045604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The crystal structure of trypanothione reductase from the human pathogen Trypanosoma cruzi at 2.3 Å resolution
    • Zhang Y, Bond CS, Bailey S, Cunningham ML, Fairlamb AH, Hunter WN. The crystal structure of trypanothione reductase from the human pathogen Trypanosoma cruzi at 2.3 Å resolution. Protein Science 1996; 5: 52-61.
    • (1996) Protein Science , vol.5 , pp. 52-61
    • Zhang, Y.1    Bond, C.S.2    Bailey, S.3    Cunningham, M.L.4    Fairlamb, A.H.5    Hunter, W.N.6
  • 71
    • 0033555451 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Crystal structure of Trypanosoma cruzi trypanothione reductase in complex with trypanothione, and the structure-based discovery of new natural product inhibitors
    • Bond CS, Zhang YH, Berrlman M, Cunningham ML, Fairlamb AH, Hunter WN. Crystal structure of Trypanosoma cruzi trypanothione reductase in complex with trypanothione, and the structure-based discovery of new natural product inhibitors. Structure 1999; 7: 81-89.
    • (1999) Structure , vol.7 , pp. 81-89
    • Bond, C.S.1    Zhang, Y.H.2    Berrlman, M.3    Cunningham, M.L.4    Fairlamb, A.H.5    Hunter, W.N.6
  • 73
    • 0031451002 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polyamine derivatives as inhibitors of trypanothione reductase and assessment of their trypanocidal activities
    • O'Sullivan MC, Zhou QB, Li ZL, Durham TB, Rattendi D, Lane S, Bacchi CJ. Polyamine derivatives as inhibitors of trypanothione reductase and assessment of their trypanocidal activities. Bioorg Med Chem 1997; 5: 2145-55.
    • (1997) Bioorg Med Chem , vol.5 , pp. 2145-2155
    • O'Sullivan, M.C.1    Zhou, Q.B.2    Li, Z.L.3    Durham, T.B.4    Rattendi, D.5    Lane, S.6    Bacchi, C.J.7
  • 75
    • 0029998478 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2-amino diphenylsulfides as inhibitors of trypanothione reductase: Modification of the side chain
    • Baillet S, Buisine E, Horvath D, Maes L, Bonnet B, Sergheraert C. 2-Amino diphenylsulfides as inhibitors of trypanothione reductase: Modification of the side chain. Bioorg Med Chem 1996; 4: 891-9.
    • (1996) Bioorg Med Chem , vol.4 , pp. 891-899
    • Baillet, S.1    Buisine, E.2    Horvath, D.3    Maes, L.4    Bonnet, B.5    Sergheraert, C.6
  • 76
    • 0028879059 scopus 로고
    • Kukoamine A and other hydrophobic acylpolyamines: Potent and selective inhibitors of Crithidia fasciculata trypanothione reduotase
    • Ponasik JA, Strickland C, Faerman C, Savvides S, Karplus PA, Ganem B. Kukoamine A and other hydrophobic acylpolyamines: Potent and selective inhibitors of Crithidia fasciculata trypanothione reduotase. Biochem J 1995; 311 : 371-5.
    • (1995) Biochem J , vol.311 , pp. 371-375
    • Ponasik, J.A.1    Strickland, C.2    Faerman, C.3    Savvides, S.4    Karplus, P.A.5    Ganem, B.6
  • 77
    • 0028063794 scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of Trypanosoma cruzi trypanolhione reductase by crystal violet
    • Moreno SNJ, Carnieri EGS, Docampo R, Inhibition of Trypanosoma cruzi trypanolhione reductase by crystal violet. Mol Biochem Parasitol 1994; 67: 313-20.
    • (1994) Mol Biochem Parasitol , vol.67 , pp. 313-320
    • Moreno, S.N.J.1    Carnieri, E.G.S.2    Docampo, R.3
  • 78
    • 0028357962 scopus 로고
    • Rational design of peptide-based inhibitors of trypanothione reductase as potential antitrypanosomeil drugs
    • Garforth J, McKie JH, Jaouhari R, Benson TJ, Fairlamb AH, Douglas KT. Rational design of peptide-based inhibitors of trypanothione reductase as potential antitrypanosomeil drugs. Amino Acids 1994; 6: 295-9.
    • (1994) Amino Acids , vol.6 , pp. 295-299
    • Garforth, J.1    McKie, J.H.2    Jaouhari, R.3    Benson, T.J.4    Fairlamb, A.H.5    Douglas, K.T.6
  • 79
    • 0028263005 scopus 로고
    • Mechanism of inhibition of trypanothione reductase and glutathione reductase by trivalent organic arsenlcals
    • Cunningham ML, Zvelebil MJJM, Fairlamb AH. Mechanism of inhibition of trypanothione reductase and glutathione reductase by trivalent organic arsenlcals. Eur J Biochem 1994; 221: 285-95.
    • (1994) Eur J Biochem , vol.221 , pp. 285-295
    • Cunningham, M.L.1    Zvelebil, M.J.J.M.2    Fairlamb, A.H.3
  • 82
    • 0026649526 scopus 로고
    • Rationally designed selective inhibitors of trypanothione reductase: Phenothiazines and related tricyclics as lead structures
    • Benson TJ, McKie JH, Garforth J, Borges A, Fairlamb AH, Douglas KT. Rationally designed selective inhibitors of trypanothione reductase: Phenothiazines and related tricyclics as lead structures. Biochem J 1992; 286: 9-11.
    • (1992) Biochem J , vol.286 , pp. 9-11
    • Benson, T.J.1    McKie, J.H.2    Garforth, J.3    Borges, A.4    Fairlamb, A.H.5    Douglas, K.T.6
  • 83
    • 0030057147 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extrachromosomal, homologous expressicn of trypanothione reductase and its complementary mRNA in Trypanosoma cruzi
    • Tovar J, Fairlamb AH. Extrachromosomal, homologous expressicn of trypanothione reductase and its complementary mRNA in Trypanosoma cruzi. Nucleic Acids Res 1996; 24: 2942-9.
    • (1996) Nucleic Acids Res , vol.24 , pp. 2942-2949
    • Tovar, J.1    Fairlamb, A.H.2
  • 84
    • 0027494350 scopus 로고
    • Phenotype of recombinant Leishmania donovani and Trypanosoma cruzi which overexpress trypanothione reductase: Sensitivity towards agents that are thought to induce oxidative stress
    • Kelly JM, Taylor MC, Smith K, Hunter KJ, Fairlamb AH. Phenotype of recombinant Leishmania donovani and Trypanosoma cruzi which overexpress trypanothione reductase: sensitivity towards agents that are thought to induce oxidative stress. Eur J Biochem 1993; 218: 29-37.
    • (1993) Eur J Biochem , vol.218 , pp. 29-37
    • Kelly, J.M.1    Taylor, M.C.2    Smith, K.3    Hunter, K.J.4    Fairlamb, A.H.5
  • 85
    • 0032574808 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Down-regulation of Leishmania donovani trypanothione reductase by heterologous expression of a transdominant mutant homologue: Effect on parasite intracellular survival
    • Tovar J, Cunningham ML, Smith AC, Croft SL, Fairlamb AH. Down-regulation of Leishmania donovani trypanothione reductase by heterologous expression of a transdominant mutant homologue: effect on parasite intracellular survival. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1998; 95: 5311-6.
    • (1998) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.95 , pp. 5311-5316
    • Tovar, J.1    Cunningham, M.L.2    Smith, A.C.3    Croft, S.L.4    Fairlamb, A.H.5
  • 86
    • 0030926411 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disruption of the trypanothione reductase gene of Leishmania decreases its ability to survive oxidative stress in macrophages
    • Dumas C, Ouellette M, Tovar J, Cunningham ML, Fairlamb AH, Tamar S, Olivier M, Papadopoulou B. Disruption of the trypanothione reductase gene of Leishmania decreases its ability to survive oxidative stress in macrophages. EMBO J 1997; 16: 2590-8.
    • (1997) EMBO J , vol.16 , pp. 2590-2598
    • Dumas, C.1    Ouellette, M.2    Tovar, J.3    Cunningham, M.L.4    Fairlamb, A.H.5    Tamar, S.6    Olivier, M.7    Papadopoulou, B.8
  • 87
    • 0028949538 scopus 로고
    • Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic approaches to the treatment of African trypanosomiasis
    • Wang CC. Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic approaches to the treatment of African trypanosomiasis. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 1995; 35: 93-127.
    • (1995) Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol , vol.35 , pp. 93-127
    • Wang, C.C.1
  • 88
    • 0029360570 scopus 로고
    • Trypanothione reductase and lipoamide dehydrogenase as targets for a structure-based drug design
    • Krauth-S egel RL, Schoneck R. Trypanothione reductase and lipoamide dehydrogenase as targets for a structure-based drug design. FASEB J 1995; 9: 1138-46.
    • (1995) FASEB J , vol.9 , pp. 1138-1146
    • Krauth-Segel, R.L.1    Schoneck, R.2
  • 89
    • 0345491238 scopus 로고
    • Trypanothione metabolism in Trypanosoma cruzi
    • Fairlamb AH. Trypanothione metabolism in Trypanosoma cruzi. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 1994; 89 (Suppl. I): 37-9.
    • (1994) Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz , vol.89 , Issue.SUPPL. I , pp. 37-39
    • Fairlamb, A.H.1
  • 90
    • 0026076280 scopus 로고
    • Purine analogs as chemotherapeutic agents in leishmaniasis and American trypanosomiasis
    • Marr JJ. Purine analogs as chemotherapeutic agents in leishmaniasis and American trypanosomiasis. J Lab Clin Med 1991; 118: 111-9.
    • (1991) J Lab Clin Med , vol.118 , pp. 111-119
    • Marr, J.J.1
  • 91
    • 0030921824 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New approaches to Leishmania chemotherapy: Pteridine reductase 1 (PTR1) as a target and modulator of antifolate sensitivity
    • Nare B, Luba J, Hardy LW, Beverley SM, New approaches to Leishmania chemotherapy: Pteridine reductase 1 (PTR1) as a target and modulator of antifolate sensitivity. Parasitology1997; 114: S101-S110.
    • (1997) Parasitology , vol.114
    • Nare, B.1    Luba, J.2    Hardy, L.W.3    Beverley, S.M.4
  • 92
    • 0030873892 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transcription of proteincoding genos in trypanosomes by RNA polymerase l
    • Lee MGS, VanderPloeg LHT. Transcription of proteincoding genos in trypanosomes by RNA polymerase l. Annu Rev Microbiol 1997; 51: 463-89.
    • (1997) Annu Rev Microbiol , vol.51 , pp. 463-489
    • Lee, M.G.S.1    Vanderploeg, L.H.T.2
  • 93
    • 0000778998 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trans -splicing in trypanosomatid proiozoa
    • Smith, D, Parsons, M, editors. Oxford: Oxford University Press
    • Ullu E, Tsohudi C, Gunzl A. Trans -splicing in trypanosomatid proiozoa. In: Smith, D, Parsons, M, editors. Molecular Biology of Parasitic Protozoa. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996:115-133.
    • (1996) Molecular Biology of Parasitic Protozoa , pp. 115-133
    • Ullu, E.1    Tsohudi, C.2    Gunzl, A.3
  • 94
    • 0026014690 scopus 로고
    • RNA editing in trypanosomatid mitochondria
    • Stuart K. RNA editing in trypanosomatid mitochondria. Annu Rev Microbiol 1991; 45: 327-44.
    • (1991) Annu Rev Microbiol , vol.45 , pp. 327-344
    • Stuart, K.1
  • 95
    • 0028844115 scopus 로고
    • The structure and replication of kinetoplast DNA
    • Shapiro TA, Englund PT. The structure and replication of kinetoplast DNA. Annu Rev Microbiol 1995; 49: 117-43.
    • (1995) Annu Rev Microbiol , vol.49 , pp. 117-143
    • Shapiro, T.A.1    Englund, P.T.2
  • 97
    • 0030921232 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lipid biosynthesis pathways as chemotherapeutic targets in kinetoplastid parasites
    • Urbina JA. Lipid biosynthesis pathways as chemotherapeutic targets in kinetoplastid parasites. Parasitology 1997; 114: S91-S99.
    • (1997) Parasitology , vol.114
    • Urbina, J.A.1
  • 98
    • 0001425373 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sterol metabolism of leishmania and trypanosomes: Potential for ohemotherapeutio exploitation
    • Hide, G, Mottram, JC, Coombs, GH, Holmes, PH, editors
    • Chance M-, Goad LJ. Sterol metabolism of Leishmania and trypanosomes: potential for ohemotherapeutio exploitation. In: Hide, G, Mottram, JC, Coombs, GH, Holmes, PH, editors. Trypanosomiasis and Leishmaniasis: CAB International, 1997: 163-76.
    • (1997) Trypanosomiasis and Leishmaniasis: CAB International , pp. 163-176
    • Chance, M.1    Goad, L.J.2
  • 99
    • 0027426946 scopus 로고
    • The surface trans-sialidase family of Trypanosoma cruzi
    • Cross GAM, Takle GB. The surface trans-sialidase family of Trypanosoma cruzi. Annu Rev Microbiol 1993; 47: 385-411.
    • (1993) Annu Rev Microbiol , vol.47 , pp. 385-411
    • Cross, G.A.M.1    Takle, G.B.2
  • 101
    • 0027294030 scopus 로고
    • The structure and biosynthesis of glycosyl phosphatidylinositol protein anchors
    • Englund FT. The structure and biosynthesis of glycosyl phosphatidylinositol protein anchors. Annu Rev Biochem 1993; 62: 121-38.
    • (1993) Annu Rev Biochem , vol.62 , pp. 121-138
    • Englund, F.T.1
  • 102
    • 0030981772 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parasite proteinases and amino acid metabolism: Possibilities for chemotherapeutic exploitation
    • Coombs GH, Mottram JC. Parasite proteinases and amino acid metabolism: possibilities for chemotherapeutic exploitation. Parasitology 1997; 114: S61-S80.
    • (1997) Parasitology , vol.114
    • Coombs, G.H.1    Mottram, J.C.2
  • 104
    • 0029045156 scopus 로고
    • The cysteine protease of Trypanosoma cruzi as a model for antiparasite drug design
    • McKerrow JH, McGrath ME, Engel JC. The cysteine protease of Trypanosoma cruzi as a model for antiparasite drug design. Parasitol Today 1995; 11: 279-82.
    • (1995) Parasitol Today , vol.11 , pp. 279-282
    • McKerrow, J.H.1    McGrath, M.E.2    Engel, J.C.3
  • 105
    • 0027998111 scopus 로고
    • Targeting proteins to the glycosomes of African trypanosomes
    • Sommer JM, Wang CC. Targeting proteins to the glycosomes of African trypanosomes. Annu Rev Microbiol 1994; 48: 105-38.
    • (1994) Annu Rev Microbiol , vol.48 , pp. 105-138
    • Sommer, J.M.1    Wang, C.C.2
  • 106
    • 0023464501 scopus 로고
    • Compartmentation of carbohydrate metabolism in trypanosomes
    • Opperdoes FR. Compartmentation of carbohydrate metabolism in trypanosomes. Annu Rev Microbiol 1987; 41: 127-51.
    • (1987) Annu Rev Microbiol , vol.41 , pp. 127-151
    • Opperdoes, F.R.1
  • 107
    • 0001227791 scopus 로고
    • Carbohydrate metabolism in african trypanosomes, with special reference to the glycosome
    • Morgan, MJ, editors. New York: Plenum Publishing Corporation
    • Fairlamb AH, Opperdoes FR. Carbohydrate metabolism in African trypanosomes, with special reference to the glycosome. In: Morgan, MJ, editors. Carbohydrate Metabolism in Cultured Cells. New York: Plenum Publishing Corporation, 1986: 183-224.
    • (1986) Carbohydrate Metabolism in Cultured Cells , pp. 183-224
    • Fairlamb, A.H.1    Opperdoes, F.R.2
  • 108
    • 0002567855 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glycolysis of kinetoplastida
    • Hide, G, Mottram, JC, Coombs, GH, Holmes, PH, editors. Wallingford: CAB International
    • Michels PAM, Hannaert V, Bakker BM. Glycolysis of Kinetoplastida. In: Hide, G, Mottram, JC, Coombs, GH, Holmes, PH, editors. Trypanosomiasis and Leishmaniasis: Biology and Control. Wallingford: CAB International, 1997: 133-48.
    • (1997) Trypanosomiasis and Leishmaniasis: Biology and Control , pp. 133-148
    • Michels, P.A.M.1    Hannaert, V.2    Bakker, B.M.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.