Effects of demographic and related microeconomic change on land quality in hills and mountains of developing countries

World Development

Volumn 27, Issue 6, 1999, Pages 903-918

  Templeton, Scott R ^a   Scherr, Sara J ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT; LAND EVALUATION; MOUNTAIN ENVIRONMENT; POPULATION GROWTH;

EID: 0032789366     PISSN: 0305750X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0305-750X(99)00037-6     Document Type: Article

References (85)

1. Arnold, J. E. M. (1987) Economic considerations in agroforestry. In Agroforestry: A Decade of Development, ed. H. Steppler and P. K. Nair, pp. 173-190. International Council for Research in Agroforestry, Nairobi, Kenya.
2. Baland, J. M. and Platteau, J.-P. (1996) Halting Degradation of Natural Resources: Is There a Role for Rural Communities. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and Clarendon Press, Oxford.
3. Bedoya Garland, E. (1987) Intensification and degradation in the agricultural systems of the Peruvian upper jungle: The Upper Huallaga case. In Lands at Risk in the Third World: Local Level Perspectives, ed. P. Little and M. Horowitz, pp. 290-315. Westview Press, Boulder and London.
4. Bernard, F. (1993) Increasing variability in agricultural production: Meru district, Kenya, in the twentieth century. In Population Growth and Agricultural Change in Africa, ed. B. L. Turner II, G. Hyden and R. Kates, pp. 80-113. University Press of Florida, Gainsville, FL.
5. Berry, L., Lewis, L. and Williams, C. (1990) East African highlands. In The Earth as Transformed by Human Action: Global and Regional Changes in the Biosphere over the Past 300 Years, eds. B. L. Turner II, W. Clark, R. Kates, J. Richards, J. Mathews and W. Meyer, pp. 533-542. Cambridge University Press with Clark University, Cambridge.
6. Blaikie, P. and Brookfield, H., ed. (1987) Land Degradation and Society. Methuen, London and New York.
7. Boserup, E. (1981) Population and Technological Change: A Study of Long-Term Trends. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL.
8. Boserup, E. (1965) The Conditions of Agricultural Growth: The Economics of Agrarian Change under Population Pressure. Aldine Publishing Co., Chicago, IL.
9. Carter, A. and Gilmour, D. (1989) Increase in tree cover on private land in central Nepal. Mountain Research and Development 9(4), 381-391.
10. Clay, D., Reardon, T. and Kangasniemi, J. (1998) Sustainable intensification in the highland tropics: Rwandan farmers' investments in land conservation and soil fertility. Economic Development and Cultural Change 46(2), 351-377.
11. Clay, D., Byiringiro, F., Kangasniemi, J., Reardon, T., Sibomana, B. and Uwamariya, L. (1995) Promoting Food Security in Rwanda Through Sustainable Agricultural Productivity: Meeting the Challenges of Population Pressure, Land Degradation and Poverty. Staff Paper No. 95-08, Department of Agricultural Economics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, March.
12. Conelly, W. (1994) Population pressure, labor availability and agricultural disintensification: The decline of farming on Rusinga Island, Kenya. Human Ecology 22(2), 145-170.
13. Cropper, M. and Griffiths, C. (1994) The interaction of population growth and environmental quality. American Economic Review: AEA Papers and Proceedings 84(2), 250-254.
14. Cruz, M., Meyer, C., Repetto, R. and Woodward, R. (1992) Population Growth, Poverty and Environmental Stress: Frontier Migration in the Philippines and Costa Rica. World Resources Institute, Washington DC.
15. Current, D., Lutz, E. and Scherr, S. J. (1995) The costs and benefits of agroforestry to farmers. The World Bank Observer 10(2), 151-180.
16. de Janvry, A., Sadoulet, E. and Fafchamps, M. (1989) Agrarian structure, technological innovations and the state. In The Economic Theory of Agrarian Institutions, ed. P. Bardhan, pp. 356-382. Clarendon Press, Oxford.
17. de la Brière, B. (1997) Adoption and maintenance of soil conservation practices in the Dominican Republic Highlands. Paper presented at the Northeast Universities Development Consortium Conference, Williamston, MA, October.
18. Deacon, R. (1994) Deforestation and the rule of law in a cross-section of countries. Land Economics 70(4), 414-430.
19. Denniston, D. (1995) High Priorities: Conserving Mountain Ecosystems and Cultures. Worldwatch Paper No. 123. Worldwatch Institute, Washington DC.
20. Dewees, P. and Saxena, N. (1995a) Wood product markets as incentives for farmer tree growing. In Tree Management in Farmer Strategies: Responses to Agricultural Intensification, ed. J. E. M. Arnold and P. Dewees, pp. 198-241. Oxford University Press, Oxford and New York.
21. Dewees, P. and Saxena, N. (1995b) Tree planting and household land and labour allocation: case studies from Kenya and India. In Tree Management in Farmer Strategies: Responses to Agricultural Intensification, ed. J. E. M. Arnold and P. Dewees, pp. 242-267. Oxford University Press, Oxford and New York.
22. Ehrlich, P., Ehrlich, A. and Daily, G. (1993) Food security, population and environment. Population and Development Review 19(1), 1-32.
23. Ehui, S., Williams, T. and Swallow, B. (1995) Economic factors and policies encouraging environmentally detrimental land use practices in sub-Saharan Africa. In Agricultural Competitiveness: Market Forces and Policy Choice: Proceedings of the Twenty-Second International Conference of Agricultural Economists, ed. G. Peters and D. Hedley, pp. 444-463. Dartmouth Publishing Company, Brookfield, VT.
24. Feder, G., Onchan, T., Chalamwong, Y. and Hongladarom, C. (1988) Land Policies and Farm Productivity in Thailand. John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore and London.
25. Feierman, S. (1993) Defending the promise of subsistence: Population growth and agriculture in the West Usambara Mountains, 1920-1980. In Population Growth and Agricultural Change in Africa, ed. B. L. Turner II, G. Hyden and R. Kates, pp. 114-144. University Press of Florida, Gainsville, FL.
26. Fernandes, E. C. M., Oktingati, A. and Maghembe, J. (1984) The Chagga homegardens: A multistoried agroforestry cropping system on Mt. Kilimanjaro (Northern Tanzania). Agroforestry Systems 2(2), 73-86.
27. FAO (1994) Land Degradation in South Asia: Its Severity, Causes and Effects upon the People. World Soil Resources Reports No. 78. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy.
28. Ford, R. (1993) Marginal coping in extreme land pressures: Ruhengeri, Rwanda. In Population Growth and Agricultural Change in Africa, ed. B. Turner II, G. Hyden and R. Kates, pp. 145-186. University Press of Florida, Gainsville, FL.
29. Fox, J. (1977) Harvest of the Palm: Ecological Change in Eastern Indonesia. Harvard University Press, Cambridge and London.
30. Fujisaka, S. (1994) Learning from six reasons why farmers do not adopt innovations intended to improve sustainability of upland agriculture. Agricultural Systems 46(4), 409-425.
31. Fujisaka, S. (1989) The need to build upon farmer practice and knowledge: Reminders from selected upland conservation projects and policies. Agroforestry Systems 9(2), 141-153.
32. Fujisaka, S. and Wollenberg, E. (1991) From forest to agroforest and logger to agroforester: A case study. Agroforestry Systems 14(2), 113-129.
33. Garcia-Barrios, R. and Garcia-Barrios, L. (1990) Environmental and technological degradation in peasant agriculture: A consequence of development in Mexico. World Development 18(11), 1569-1585.
34. Gillis, M., Perkins, D., Roemer, M. and Snodgrass, D. (1987) Economics of Development, 2nd edn. W.W. Norton and Company, New York and London.
35. Gilmour, D. (1995) Rearranging trees in the landscape in the Middle Hills of Nepal. In Tree Management in Farmer Strategies: Responses to Agricultural Intensification, ed. M. Arnold and P. Dewees, pp. 21-42. Oxford University Press, Oxford and New York.
36. Goldman, A. (1995) Threats to sustainability in African agriculture: Searching for appropriate paradigms. Human Ecology 23(3), 291-334.
37. Grepperud, S. (1996) Population pressure and land degradation: The case of Ethiopia. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 30(1), 18-33.
38. Hamilton, L. and King, P. (1983) Tropical Forested Watersheds: Hydrologic and Soils Responses to Major Uses or Conversions. Westview Press, Boulder, CO.
39. Harrison, P. (1992) The Third Revolution: Environment, Population and a Sustainable World. I. B. Tauris & Co., Ltd., London and New York.
40. Hayami, Y. and Ruttan, V. (1985) Agricultural Development: An International Perspective. Revised and Expanded Edition. John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore and London.
41. Heilig, G. (1994) Neglected dimensions of global land-use change: Reflections and data. Population and Development Review 20(4), 831-859.
42. Hicks, J. R. (1932) The Theory of Wages. Macmillan, London.
43. Hyden, G., Kates, R. and Turner II, B. L. (1993) Beyond intensification. In Population Growth and Agricultural Change in Africa, ed. B.L. Turner II, G. Hyden and R. Kates, pp. 401-439. University Press of Florida, Gainsville, FL.
44. Jackson, L. and Scherr, S.J. (1995) Non-degrading land use strategies for tropical hillsides. Policy Brief. International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington DC.
45. Kevane, M. (1996) Agrarian structure and agricultural practice: Typology and application to Western Sudan. American Journal of Agricultural Economics 78(1), 236-245.
46. Kumar, J. (1973) Population and Land in World Agriculture. Population Monograph Series No. 12. University of California, Berkeley, CA.
47. Lutz, E., Pagiola, S. and Reiche, C. (1994) The costs and benefits of soil conservation: The farmers' viewpoint. The World Bank Research Observer 9(2), 273-295.
48. Magrath, W. and Arens, P. (1989) The Costs of Soil Erosion on Java: A Natural Resource Accounting Approach. Environment Department Working Paper No. 18, World Bank, Washington DC.
49. Malla, Y. and Fisher, R. (1987) Planting trees on private farmland in Nepal: The equity aspect. Discussion Paper. Nepal/Australia Forestry Project, Kathmandu.
50. Masera, O., Ordóñez, M. and Dirzo, R. (1997) Carbon emissions from Mexican forests: Current situation and long-term scenarios. Climatic Change 35(3), 265-295.
51. Mather, A. (1987) Global trends in forest resources. Geography 72(314), 1-15.
52. McIntire, J., Bourzat, D. and Pingali, P. (1992) Crop-Livestock Interaction in Sub-Saharan Africa. World Bank, Washington DC.
53. Naveh, Z. and Dan, J. (1973) The human degradation of mediterranean landscapes in Israel. In Mediterranean Type Ecosystems: Origins and Structure, ed. F. di Castri and H. Mooney, pp. 373-390. Springer-Verlag, New York.
54. Netting, R., Stone, G. and Stone, M. (1993) Agricultural expansion, intensification and market participation among the Kofyar, Jos Plateau, Nigeria. In Population Growth and Agricultural Change in Africa, ed. B.L. Turner, G. Hyden and R. Kates, pp. 206-249. University Press of Florida, Gainsville, FL.
55. Okafor, F. (1993) Agricultural stagnation and economic diversification: Awka-Nnewi Region, Nigeria, 1930-1980. In Population Growth and Agricultural Change in Africa, ed. B.L. Turner II, G. Hyden and R. Kates, pp. 324-357. University Press of Florida, Gainsville, FL.
56. Okoth-Ogendo, H.W.O. and Oucho, J. (1993) Population growth and agricultural change in Kisii District, Kenya: A sustained symbiosis? In Population Growth and Agricultural Change in Africa, ed. B.L. Turner II, G. Hyden and R. Kates, pp. 187-205. University Press of Florida, Gainsville, FL.
57. Patel, S., Pinckney, T. and Jaeger, W. (1995) Small-holder wood production and population pressure in East Africa: Evidence of an environmental Kuznets curve? Land Economics 71(4), 516-530.
58. Pingali, P., Bigot, Y. and Binswanger, H. (1987) Agricultural Mechanization and the Evolution of Farming Systems in Sub-Saharan Africa. John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore and London.
59. Pingali, P. and Binswanger, H. (1987) Population density and agricultural intensification: A study of the evolution of technologies in tropical agriculture. In Population Growth and Economic Development: Issues and Evidence, ed. D. Gale Johnson and R.D. Lee, pp. 27-55. University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, WI.
60. Place, F. and Hazell, P. (1993) Productivity effects of indigenous land tenure systems in Sub-Saharan Africa. American Journal of Agricultural Economics 75(1), 10-19.
61. Repetto, R. (1988) The Forest for the Trees: Government Policies and the Misuse of Forest Resources. World Resources Institute, Washington DC.
62. Repetto, R. (1986) Soil loss and population pressure on Java. Ambio 15(1), 14-18.
63. Robinson, D. (1978) Soil Erosion and Soil Conservation in Zambia: A Geographical Appraisal, Zambia Geographical Association, Occasional Study No. 9.
64. Rusten, E. (1989) An Investigation of an indigenous knowledge system and managment practices of tree fodder resources in the Middle Hills of central Nepal. Ph. D. thesis dissertation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI.
65. Scherr, S.J. (1995) Economic factors in farmer adoption of agroforestry: Patterns observed in western Kenya. World Development 23(5), 787-804.
66. Scherr, S.J. (1993) The evolution of agroforestry practices over time in the crop-livestock system of Western Kenya. In Social Science Research for Agricultural Technology Development: Spatial and Temporal Dimensions, ed. K. A. Dvorak, pp. 118-143. Commonwealth Agricultural Bureau International, Oxford.
67. Scherr, S.J., Bergeron, G., Pender, J. and Barbier, B. (1996) Policies for sustainable development in fragile lands: Methodology review. Fragile Lands Program, Environment and Production Technology Division, International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington DC.
68. Scherr, S.J. and Hazell, P. (1994) Sustainable agricultural development strategies in fragile lands. EPTD Discussion Paper No. 1, Environment and Production Technology Division, International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington DC.
69. Scherr, S.J. and Yadav, S. (1996) Land degradation in the developing world: Implications for food, agriculture and environment to the year 2020. Food, Agriculture and the Environment Discussion Paper No. 14. International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington DC.
70. Sellers, S. (1988) The relationship between land tenure and agricultural production in Tucurrique, Costa Rica. In Whose Trees?: Proprietary Dimensions of Forestry, ed. L. Fortmann and J. Bruce, pp. 75-79. Westview Press, Boulder and London.
71. Smith, F., Daily, G. and Ehrlich, P. (1995) Human population dynamics and biodiversity loss. In The Economics and Ecology of Biodiversity Decline: The Forces Driving Global Change, ed. T. Swanson, pp. 125-141. Cambridge University Press, Great Britain.
72. Speece, M. and Wilkinson, M. (1982) Environmental degradation and development of arid lands. Desertification Control No. 7 (December), 2-9.
73. Stoler, A. (1978) Garden use and household economy in rural Java. Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies 14(2), 85-101.
74. Templeton, S. and Scherr, S.J. (1997) Population pressure and the microeconomy of land management in hills and mountains of developing countries. EPTD Discussion Paper No. 26, Environment and Production Technology Division, International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington DC.
75. Templeton, S. (1994) The effects of market factors on investments in land quality: Evidence from an econometric analysis of non-paddy terracing in the Philippines. Paper presented at the 69th Annual Conference of the Western Economic Association International, Vancouver, British Columbia, July 2.
76. Tiffen, M., Mortimore, M. and Gichuki, F. (1994) More People, Less Erosion: Environmental Recovery in Kenya. John Wiley and Sons, Chichester, UK.
77. Tiffen, M., Mortimore, M. and Ackello-Ogutu, A. (1993) From Agro-Pastoralism to Mixed Farming: The Evolution of Farming Systems in Machakos, Kenya, 1930-1990. Agricultural Administration Network Paper No. 45, Overseas Development Institute, London.
78. Turner II, B.L., Hanham, R. and Portararo, A. (1977) Population pressure and agricultural intensity. Annals of the Association of American Geographers 67(3), 384-396.
79. Turner, S. (1988) Land and trees in Lesotho. In Whose Trees?: Proprietary Dimensions of Forestry, ed. L. Fortmann and J. Bruce, pp. 199-203. Westview Press, Boulder and London.
80. Vogel, H. (1987) Terrace farming in Yemen. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 42(1), 18-21.
81. Warner, K. (1995) Patterns of tree growing by farmers in eastern Africa. In Tree Management in Farmer Strategies: Responses to Agricultural Intensification, ed. J. E. M. Arnold and P. A. Dewees, pp. 90-137. Oxford University Press, Oxford and New York.
82. White, T. and Runge, C. (1994) Common Property and collective action: Lessons from Cooperative Watershed Management in Haiti. Economic Development and Cultural Change 43(1), 1-41.
83. Wilson, E. (1992) The Diversity of Life. W.W. Norton and Co., New York and London.
84. World Bank (1992) World Development Report 1992: Development and the Environment. Oxford University Press, New York.
85. Zimmerer, K. (1993) Soil erosion and labor shortages in the Andes with special reference to Bolivia, 1953-91: Implications for 'Conservation-With-Development'. World Development 21(10), 1659-1675.