메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 15, Issue 18, 1999, Pages 1673-1683

Genetic analysis reveals ongoing HIV type 1 evolution in infected human placental trophoblast

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DNA; IMMUNOGLOBULIN; ZIDOVUDINE;

EID: 0032787512     PISSN: 08892229     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1089/088922299309711     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (28)

References (66)
  • 1
    • 2642618619 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Projection of AIDS and HIV incidence among children born infected with HIV
    • Byers RH Jr, Galdwell MB, Davis S, Gwinn M, and Lindegren ML: Projection of AIDS and HIV incidence among children born infected with HIV. Stat Med 1998;17:169-181.
    • (1998) Stat Med , vol.17 , pp. 169-181
    • Byers Jr., R.H.1    Galdwell, M.B.2    Davis, S.3    Gwinn, M.4    Lindegren, M.L.5
  • 3
    • 0026645958 scopus 로고
    • Maternal factors involved in mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1
    • Report of a Consensus Workshop, Siena, Italy, January 17-18, 1992
    • Report of a Consensus Workshop, Siena, Italy, January 17-18, 1992. Maternal factors involved in mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 1992;5:1019-1029.
    • (1992) J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr , vol.5 , pp. 1019-1029
  • 4
    • 0032579072 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Public Health Service Task Force recommendations for the use of antiretroviral drugs in pregnant women infected with HIV-1 for maternal health and for reducing perinatal HIV-1 transmission in the United States
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Public Health Service Task Force recommendations for the use of antiretroviral drugs in pregnant women infected with HIV-1 for maternal health and for reducing perinatal HIV-1 transmission in the United States. MMWR 1998;47:1-30.
    • (1998) MMWR , vol.47 , pp. 1-30
  • 5
    • 0030848206 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Progress in prevention of perinatal HIV-1
    • Fowler MG and Mofenson L: Progress in prevention of perinatal HIV-1. Acta Paediatr Suppl 1997;421:97-103.
    • (1997) Acta Paediatr Suppl , vol.421 , pp. 97-103
    • Fowler, M.G.1    Mofenson, L.2
  • 7
    • 0031828153 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Therapeutic and other interventions to reduce the risk of mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 in Europe
    • The European Collaborative Study: Therapeutic and other interventions to reduce the risk of mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 in Europe. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1998;105:704-709.
    • (1998) Br J Obstet Gynaecol , vol.105 , pp. 704-709
  • 9
    • 85085229305 scopus 로고
    • Children born to women with HIV-1 infection: Natural history and risk of transmission
    • European Collaborative Study: Children born to women with HIV-1 infection: Natural history and risk of transmission. Lancet 1991;337:253-260.
    • (1991) Lancet , vol.337 , pp. 253-260
  • 10
    • 0029558404 scopus 로고
    • Estimated timing of mother-to-child human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) transmission by use of a Markov model
    • The HIV Infection in Newborns French Collaborative Study Group
    • Rouzioux C, Costagliola D, Burgard M, Blanche S, Mayaux MJ, Griscelli C, and Valleron AJ: Estimated timing of mother-to-child human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) transmission by use of a Markov model. The HIV Infection in Newborns French Collaborative Study Group. Am J Epidemiol 1995;142:1330-1337.
    • (1995) Am J Epidemiol , vol.142 , pp. 1330-1337
    • Rouzioux, C.1    Costagliola, D.2    Burgard, M.3    Blanche, S.4    Mayaux, M.J.5    Griscelli, C.6    Valleron, A.J.7
  • 11
    • 0026488198 scopus 로고
    • Demonstration of HIV-1 infected cells in human placenta by in situ hybridisation and immunostaining
    • Backe E, Jimenez E, Unger M, Schafer A, Jauniaux E, and Vogel M: Demonstration of HIV-1 infected cells in human placenta by in situ hybridisation and immunostaining. J Clin Pathol 1992;45:871-874.
    • (1992) J Clin Pathol , vol.45 , pp. 871-874
    • Backe, E.1    Jimenez, E.2    Unger, M.3    Schafer, A.4    Jauniaux, E.5    Vogel, M.6
  • 12
    • 0028071421 scopus 로고
    • Vertical human immunodeficiency virus transmission: A study of placental pathology in relation to maternal risk factors
    • Backe E, Jimenez E, Unger M, Schafer A, Vocks-Hauck M, Grosch-Worner I, and Vogel M: Vertical human immunodeficiency virus transmission: A study of placental pathology in relation to maternal risk factors. Am J Perinatol 1994;11:326-330.
    • (1994) Am J Perinatol , vol.11 , pp. 326-330
    • Backe, E.1    Jimenez, E.2    Unger, M.3    Schafer, A.4    Vocks-Hauck, M.5    Grosch-Worner, I.6    Vogel, M.7
  • 13
    • 0025871741 scopus 로고
    • Pathology and human immunodeficiency virus expression in placentas of seropositive women
    • Chandwani S, Greco MA, Mittal K, Antoine C, Krasinski K, and Borkowsky W: Pathology and human immunodeficiency virus expression in placentas of seropositive women. J Infect Dis 1991;163:1134-1138.
    • (1991) J Infect Dis , vol.163 , pp. 1134-1138
    • Chandwani, S.1    Greco, M.A.2    Mittal, K.3    Antoine, C.4    Krasinski, K.5    Borkowsky, W.6
  • 14
    • 9344244701 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HIV-1 proviral DNA polymerase chain reaction detection in chorionic villi after exclusion of maternal contamination by variable number of tandem repeats analysis
    • De Andreis C, Simoni G, Rossella F, Castagna C, Pesenti E, Porta G, Colucci G, Giuntelli S, Pardi G, and Semprini AE: HIV-1 proviral DNA polymerase chain reaction detection in chorionic villi after exclusion of maternal contamination by variable number of tandem repeats analysis. AIDS 1996;10:711-715.
    • (1996) AIDS , vol.10 , pp. 711-715
    • De Andreis, C.1    Simoni, G.2    Rossella, F.3    Castagna, C.4    Pesenti, E.5    Porta, G.6    Colucci, G.7    Giuntelli, S.8    Pardi, G.9    Semprini, A.E.10
  • 15
  • 16
    • 0031091278 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship between human immunodeficiency virus-1 RNA identification in placenta and perinatal transmission
    • Katz JM, Fox CH, Eglinton GS, Meyers WA III, and Queenan JT: Relationship between human immunodeficiency virus-1 RNA identification in placenta and perinatal transmission. J Perinatol 1997;17:119-124.
    • (1997) J Perinatol , vol.17 , pp. 119-124
    • Katz, J.M.1    Fox, C.H.2    Eglinton, G.S.3    Meyers III, W.A.4    Queenan, J.T.5
  • 17
    • 0025318735 scopus 로고
    • HIV-1 in trophoblastic and villous Hofbauer cells, and haematological precursors in eight-week fetuses
    • Lewis SH, Reynolds-Kohler C, Fox HE, and Nelson JA: HIV-1 in trophoblastic and villous Hofbauer cells, and haematological precursors in eight-week fetuses. Lancet 1990;335:565-568.
    • (1990) Lancet , vol.335 , pp. 565-568
    • Lewis, S.H.1    Reynolds-Kohler, C.2    Fox, H.E.3    Nelson, J.A.4
  • 19
  • 21
    • 0028296870 scopus 로고
    • Vertical transmission of HIV: Detection of proviral DNA in placental trophoblast
    • Zachar V, Thomas RA, Jones T, and Goustin AS: Vertical transmission of HIV: Detection of proviral DNA in placental trophoblast. AIDS 1994;8:129-130.
    • (1994) AIDS , vol.8 , pp. 129-130
    • Zachar, V.1    Thomas, R.A.2    Jones, T.3    Goustin, A.S.4
  • 22
    • 0006336784 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In situ PCR discriminates between infected and uninfected human placental explants after in vitro exposure to HIV-1
    • Sheikh AU, Polliotti BM, and Miller RK: In situ PCR discriminates between infected and uninfected human placental explants after in vitro exposure to HIV-1. Trophoblast Res 1997;12:191-204.
    • (1997) Trophoblast Res , vol.12 , pp. 191-204
    • Sheikh, A.U.1    Polliotti, B.M.2    Miller, R.K.3
  • 24
    • 0025744131 scopus 로고
    • Induction of cytokines in normal placental cells by the human immunodeficiency virus
    • Reuben JM, Gonik B, Li S, Loo L, and Turpin J: Induction of cytokines in normal placental cells by the human immunodeficiency virus. Lymphokine Cytokine Res 1991;10:195-199.
    • (1991) Lymphokine Cytokine Res , vol.10 , pp. 195-199
    • Reuben, J.M.1    Gonik, B.2    Li, S.3    Loo, L.4    Turpin, J.5
  • 25
    • 0028277303 scopus 로고
    • Basal and Tat-transactivated expression from the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 long terminal repeat in human placental trophoblast rules out promoter-enhancer activation as the partial block to viral replication
    • Zachar V, Ebbesen P, Thomas RA, Zacharova V, and Goustin AS: Basal and Tat-transactivated expression from the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 long terminal repeat in human placental trophoblast rules out promoter-enhancer activation as the partial block to viral replication. J Gen Virol 1994;75:1461-1468.
    • (1994) J Gen Virol , vol.75 , pp. 1461-1468
    • Zachar, V.1    Ebbesen, P.2    Thomas, R.A.3    Zacharova, V.4    Goustin, A.S.5
  • 26
    • 0031019179 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elevated interferon-alpha in maternal and umbilical cord blood and in the placental trophoblast suggests natural protection against vertical transmission of HIV-1 in a Kenyan cohort
    • Zachar V, Hager H, Koppelhus U, Zacharova V, Liu X, Bambra C, Goustin AS, and Ebbesen P: Elevated interferon-alpha in maternal and umbilical cord blood and in the placental trophoblast suggests natural protection against vertical transmission of HIV-1 in a Kenyan cohort. AIDS 1997;11:383-385.
    • (1997) AIDS , vol.11 , pp. 383-385
    • Zachar, V.1    Hager, H.2    Koppelhus, U.3    Zacharova, V.4    Liu, X.5    Bambra, C.6    Goustin, A.S.7    Ebbesen, P.8
  • 27
    • 0024598209 scopus 로고
    • Isolation of pure villous cytotrophoblast from term human placenta using immunomagnetic microspheres
    • Douglas GC and King BF: Isolation of pure villous cytotrophoblast from term human placenta using immunomagnetic microspheres. J Immunol Methods 1989;119:259-268.
    • (1989) J Immunol Methods , vol.119 , pp. 259-268
    • Douglas, G.C.1    King, B.F.2
  • 28
    • 0025778405 scopus 로고
    • Susceptibility of cultured human trophoblasts to infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1
    • Zachar V, Norskov-Lauritsen N, Juhl C, Spire B, Chermann JC, and Ebbesen P: Susceptibility of cultured human trophoblasts to infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1. J Gen Virol 1991;72:1253-1260.
    • (1991) J Gen Virol , vol.72 , pp. 1253-1260
    • Zachar, V.1    Norskov-Lauritsen, N.2    Juhl, C.3    Spire, B.4    Chermann, J.C.5    Ebbesen, P.6
  • 30
    • 0026089412 scopus 로고
    • Human transformed trophoblast-derived cells lacking CD4 receptor exhibit restricted permissiveness for human immunodeficiency virus type 1
    • Zachar V, Spire B, Hirsch I, Chermann JC, and Ebbesen P: Human transformed trophoblast-derived cells lacking CD4 receptor exhibit restricted permissiveness for human immunodeficiency virus type 1. J Virol 1991;65:2102-2107.
    • (1991) J Virol , vol.65 , pp. 2102-2107
    • Zachar, V.1    Spire, B.2    Hirsch, I.3    Chermann, J.C.4    Ebbesen, P.5
  • 32
    • 0027968068 scopus 로고
    • CLUSTAL W: Improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position-specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice
    • Thompson JD, Higgins DG, and Gibson TJ: CLUSTAL W: Improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position-specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice. Nucleic Acids Res 1994;22:4673-4680.
    • (1994) Nucleic Acids Res , vol.22 , pp. 4673-4680
    • Thompson, J.D.1    Higgins, D.G.2    Gibson, T.J.3
  • 33
    • 0003437299 scopus 로고
    • Department of Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, [Distributed by the author]
    • Felsenstein J: PHYLIP (Phylogeny Inference Package), version 3.572c. Department of Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 1995. [Distributed by the author]
    • (1995) PHYLIP (Phylogeny Inference Package), Version 3.572c
    • Felsenstein, J.1
  • 34
    • 0024766957 scopus 로고
    • A new method that simultaneously aligns and reconstructs ancestral sequences for any number of homologous sequences, when the phylogeny is given
    • Hein J: A new method that simultaneously aligns and reconstructs ancestral sequences for any number of homologous sequences, when the phylogeny is given. Mol Biol Evol 1989;6:649-668.
    • (1989) Mol Biol Evol , vol.6 , pp. 649-668
    • Hein, J.1
  • 35
    • 3543113489 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global variation in the HIV-1 V3 region
    • (Korber BT, Hahn B, Foley B, Mellors JW, Leitner T, Myers G, McCutchan F, and Kuiken C, eds.). Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico
    • Dighe PK, Korber BT, and Foley BT: Global variation in the HIV-1 V3 region. In: HIV Sequence Database (Korber BT, Hahn B, Foley B, Mellors JW, Leitner T, Myers G, McCutchan F, and Kuiken C, eds.). Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, 1997.
    • (1997) HIV Sequence Database
    • Dighe, P.K.1    Korber, B.T.2    Foley, B.T.3
  • 37
    • 0026606727 scopus 로고
    • Phenotype-associated sequence variation in the third variable domain of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gp120 molecule
    • Fouchier RA, Groenink M, Kootstra NA, Tersmette M, Huisman HG, Miedema F, and Schuitemaker H: Phenotype-associated sequence variation in the third variable domain of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gp120 molecule. J Virol 1992;6: 3183-3187.
    • (1992) J Virol , vol.6 , pp. 3183-3187
    • Fouchier, R.A.1    Groenink, M.2    Kootstra, N.A.3    Tersmette, M.4    Huisman, H.G.5    Miedema, F.6    Schuitemaker, H.7
  • 38
    • 0027974785 scopus 로고
    • Studies on the placental transfer of cell-free human immunodeficiency virus and p24 antigen in an ex vivo human placental model
    • Bawdon RE, Gravell M, Hamilton R, Sever J, Miller R, and Gibbs CJ: Studies on the placental transfer of cell-free human immunodeficiency virus and p24 antigen in an ex vivo human placental model. J Soc Gynecol Invest 1994;1:45-48.
    • (1994) J Soc Gynecol Invest , vol.1 , pp. 45-48
    • Bawdon, R.E.1    Gravell, M.2    Hamilton, R.3    Sever, J.4    Miller, R.5    Gibbs, C.J.6
  • 39
    • 0030720834 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Update: Transmission of HIV-1 from mother to child
    • Fowler MG: Update: Transmission of HIV-1 from mother to child. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 1997;9:343-348.
    • (1997) Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol , vol.9 , pp. 343-348
    • Fowler, M.G.1
  • 40
    • 0027249760 scopus 로고
    • Genomic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RNA variation in mother and child following intra-uterine virus transmission
    • Mulder-Kampinga GA, Kuiken C, Dekker J, Scherpbier HJ, Boer K, and Goudsmit J: Genomic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RNA variation in mother and child following intra-uterine virus transmission. J Gen Virol 1993;74:1747-1756.
    • (1993) J Gen Virol , vol.74 , pp. 1747-1756
    • Mulder-Kampinga, G.A.1    Kuiken, C.2    Dekker, J.3    Scherpbier, H.J.4    Boer, K.5    Goudsmit, J.6
  • 41
    • 0028935432 scopus 로고
    • Similarity in env and gag genes between genomic RNAs of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) from mother and infant is unrelated to time of HIV-1 RNA positivity in the child
    • Mulder-Kampinga GA, Simonon A, Kuiken CL, Dekker J, Scherpbier HJ, van de Perre P, Boer K, and Goudsmit J: Similarity in env and gag genes between genomic RNAs of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) from mother and infant is unrelated to time of HIV-1 RNA positivity in the child. J Virol 1995;69: 2285-2296.
    • (1995) J Virol , vol.69 , pp. 2285-2296
    • Mulder-Kampinga, G.A.1    Simonon, A.2    Kuiken, C.L.3    Dekker, J.4    Scherpbier, H.J.5    Van De Perre, P.6    Boer, K.7    Goudsmit, J.8
  • 46
    • 0026100838 scopus 로고
    • Fetal human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection of different organs in the second trimester
    • Mano H and Chermann JC: Fetal human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection of different organs in the second trimester. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 1991;7:83-88.
    • (1991) AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses , vol.7 , pp. 83-88
    • Mano, H.1    Chermann, J.C.2
  • 47
    • 0026757689 scopus 로고
    • Maternofetal transmission of AIDS: Frequency of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 nucleic acid sequences in human fetal DNA
    • Soeiro R, Rubinstein A, Rashbaum WK, and Lyman WD: Maternofetal transmission of AIDS: Frequency of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 nucleic acid sequences in human fetal DNA. J Infect Dis 1992;166:699-703.
    • (1992) J Infect Dis , vol.166 , pp. 699-703
    • Soeiro, R.1    Rubinstein, A.2    Rashbaum, W.K.3    Lyman, W.D.4
  • 48
    • 0026271034 scopus 로고
    • The central nervous system of infants born to HIV-positive mothers - Neuropathology, immunohistochemistry in in situ hybridization
    • Stoltenburg G, Schmidt S, Marzheuser S, Herbst H, Spiegel H, and Unger M: The central nervous system of infants born to HIV-positive mothers - neuropathology, immunohistochemistry in in situ hybridization. Verh Dtsch Ges Pathol 1991;75:191-194.
    • (1991) Verh Dtsch Ges Pathol , vol.75 , pp. 191-194
    • Stoltenburg, G.1    Schmidt, S.2    Marzheuser, S.3    Herbst, H.4    Spiegel, H.5    Unger, M.6
  • 49
    • 0025861650 scopus 로고
    • Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection of human placenta: Potential route for fetal infection
    • Amirhessami-Aghili N and Spector SA: Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection of human placenta: Potential route for fetal infection. J Virol 1991;65:2231-2236.
    • (1991) J Virol , vol.65 , pp. 2231-2236
    • Amirhessami-Aghili, N.1    Spector, S.A.2
  • 52
    • 0030051099 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Uptake of human immunodeficiency virus envelope protein gp120 by human trophoblast in culture
    • Esterman AL, Finlay TH, Lee JD, and Dancis J: Uptake of human immunodeficiency virus envelope protein gp120 by human trophoblast in culture. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1996;174:49-54.
    • (1996) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.174 , pp. 49-54
    • Esterman, A.L.1    Finlay, T.H.2    Lee, J.D.3    Dancis, J.4
  • 53
    • 0029098679 scopus 로고
    • Kinetics of HIV infection of human placental syncytiotrophoblast cultures: An ultrastructural and immunocytochemical study
    • Fazely F, Fry GN, Thirkill TL, Hakim H, King BF, and Douglas GC: Kinetics of HIV infection of human placental syncytiotrophoblast cultures: An ultrastructural and immunocytochemical study. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 1995;11:1023-1030.
    • (1995) AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses , vol.11 , pp. 1023-1030
    • Fazely, F.1    Fry, G.N.2    Thirkill, T.L.3    Hakim, H.4    King, B.F.5    Douglas, G.C.6
  • 54
    • 0030841305 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Placental trophoblasts resist infection by multiple human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 variants even with cytomegalovirus coinfection but support HIV replication after provirus transfection
    • Kilani RT, Chang LJ, Garcia-Lloret MI, Hemmings D, Winkler-Lowen B, and Guilbert LJ: Placental trophoblasts resist infection by multiple human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 variants even with cytomegalovirus coinfection but support HIV replication after provirus transfection. J Virol 1997;71:6359-6372.
    • (1997) J Virol , vol.71 , pp. 6359-6372
    • Kilani, R.T.1    Chang, L.J.2    Garcia-Lloret, M.I.3    Hemmings, D.4    Winkler-Lowen, B.5    Guilbert, L.J.6
  • 56
    • 0032103120 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maternal cell-free viremia in the natural history of perinatal HIV-1 transmission: A meta-analysis
    • Contopoulos-Ioannidis DG and Ioannidis JP: Maternal cell-free viremia in the natural history of perinatal HIV-1 transmission: a meta-analysis. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol 1998;18:126-135.
    • (1998) J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol , vol.18 , pp. 126-135
    • Contopoulos-Ioannidis, D.G.1    Ioannidis, J.P.2
  • 59
    • 0031835673 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neutralizing antibodies and complement-mediated, antibody-dependent enhancement (C′-ADE) of human immunodeficiency virus infection in its vertical transmission
    • Gras G, Beyssen V, Tranchot-Diallo J, Parnet-Mathieu F, Lasfargues G, Courpotin C, and Dormont D: Neutralizing antibodies and complement-mediated, antibody-dependent enhancement (C′-ADE) of human immunodeficiency virus infection in its vertical transmission. Am J Reprod Immunol 1998;39:381-386.
    • (1998) Am J Reprod Immunol , vol.39 , pp. 381-386
    • Gras, G.1    Beyssen, V.2    Tranchot-Diallo, J.3    Parnet-Mathieu, F.4    Lasfargues, G.5    Courpotin, C.6    Dormont, D.7
  • 63
    • 0031802439 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apparent enhancement of perinatal transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 by high maternal anti-gp160 antibody titer
    • Pancino G, Leste-Lasserre T, Burgard M, Costagliola D, Ivanoff S, Blanche S, Rouzioux C, and Sonigo P: Apparent enhancement of perinatal transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 by high maternal anti-gp160 antibody titer. J Infect Dis 1998; 177:1737-1741.
    • (1998) J Infect Dis , vol.177 , pp. 1737-1741
    • Pancino, G.1    Leste-Lasserre, T.2    Burgard, M.3    Costagliola, D.4    Ivanoff, S.5    Blanche, S.6    Rouzioux, C.7    Sonigo, P.8
  • 66
    • 0031978550 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determinants of entry cofactor utilization and tropism in a dualtropic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 primary isolate
    • Smyth RJ, Yi Y, Singh A, and Collman RG: Determinants of entry cofactor utilization and tropism in a dualtropic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 primary isolate. J Virol 1998;72: 4478-4484.
    • (1998) J Virol , vol.72 , pp. 4478-4484
    • Smyth, R.J.1    Yi, Y.2    Singh, A.3    Collman, R.G.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.