Evaluation of the opioid addiction test in an out-patient drug dependency unit

British Journal of Psychiatry

Volumn 175, Issue AUG., 1999, Pages 158-162

  Ghodse, A Hamid ^a   Greaves, Jane L ^a   Lynch, Dette ^a  

^a ST GEORGE'S UNIVERSITY OF LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AMPHETAMINE; BARBITURIC ACID DERIVATIVE; BENZODIAZEPINE; CANNABIS; COCAINE; CODEINE; DEXTROPROPOXYPHENE; DIHYDROCODEINE; METHADONE; MORPHINE; NALOXONE; OPIATE;

ADULT; ANISOCORIA; ARTICLE; DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY; DIAGNOSTIC TEST; DIAGNOSTIC VALUE; DRUG DEPENDENCE; DRUG INSTILLATION; FEMALE; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MYDRIASIS; OUTPATIENT; PUPIL; PUPILLOMETRY; URINALYSIS;

EID: 0032786572     PISSN: 00071250     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1192/bjp.175.2.158     Document Type: Article

References (19)

1. Bellini, C., Boccuni, M., D'Egidlo, P., et al (1982) Naloxone anisocoria: a non-invasive, inexpensive test for opiate addiction. International Journal of Clinical Pharmacology Research, 2, 55-60.
2. Berkowitz, B. A. (1976) The relationship of pharmacokinetics to pharmacological activity: morphine, methadone and naloxone. Clinical Pharmacokinetics, 1, 219-230.
3. Calrnie, A. B., Kosterlitz, H. W. & Taylor, D. W. (1961) Effects of morphine on some sympathetically innervated effectors. British Journal of Pharmacology, 17, 539-551.
4. Creighton, F. J. & Ghodse, A. H. (1989) Naloxone applied to conjunctiva as a test for physical opiate dependence. Lancet, 333, 748-750.
5. Dean, G. (1994) Manual of Epi Info Version 6. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
6. Drago, F., Gorgone, G., Spina, F., et al (1980) Opiate receptors in the rabbit iris. Naunyn-Schmieddeberg's Archives of Pharmacology, 315, 1-4.
7. Fanciullacci, M., Boccuni, M., Pietrini, U., et al (1980) The naloxone conjunctival test in morphine addiction. European Journal of Pharmacology, 61, 319-320.
8. _, _, _, et al (1981) Search for opiate receptors in the human pupil. International Journal of Clinical Pharmacology Research 1, 139-143.
9. Fraunfelder, F. T. (1989) Drug Induced Ocular Side Effects and Drug Interactions (3rd edn) (ed. S. M. Meyer), pp. 82-155. Philadelphia, PA: Lea & Febiger.
10. Ghodse, A. H. (1989) Opiate Withdrawal Symptom Questionnaire. In Drugs and Addictive Behaviour-A Guide to Treatment, p. 319. Oxford: Blackwell.
11. _, Bewley, T. H., Kearney, M. K., et al (1986) Mydriatic response to topical naloxone in opiate abusers. British Journal of Psychiatry, 148, 44-46.
12. _, Taylor, D. R. S., Britten, A. J., et al (1995) The opiate addiction test: a clinical evaluation of a quick test for physical dependence on opiate drugs. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 39, 257-259.
13. Lee, H. K. & Wang, S. C. (1975) Mechanism of morphine induced miosis in the dog. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 192, 415-431.
14. Murray, R. B., Adler, M. W. & Korczyn, A. (1983) The pupillary effects of opioids. Life Sciences, 33, 495-509.
15. Nomof, N., Elliott, H. W. & Parker, K. D. (1968) The local effect of morphine, nalorphine and codeine on the diameter of the pupil of the eye. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 9, 358-364.
16. Sanchez-Ramos, J. R. & Senay, E. C. (1987) Ophthalmic naloxone elicits abstinence in opioid dependent subjects. British Journal of Addiction, 82, 313-315.
17. SAS Institute Inc. (1985) SAS User's Guide: Statistics (version 5). Cary, NC: SAS Institute.
18. Sharpe, L. G. & Pickworth, W. B. (1981) Pharmacologic evidence for a tonic muscarinic inhibitory input to the Edinger-Westphal Nucleus in the dog. Experimental Neurology, 71, 176-190.
19. Thompson, S. H. (1992) The pupil. In Adlers Physiology of the Eye-Clinical Application (9th edn) (ed. W. M. Hart, Jr). pp. 418-423. St Louis, MO: Mosby Year Book.