The Tourette syndrome diagnostic confidence index: Development and clinical associations

Neurology

Volumn 53, Issue 9, 1999, Pages 2108-2112

  Robertson, M M ^a   Banerjee, Sube ^b   Kurlan, R ^c   Cohen, D J ^d   Leckman, J F ^d   McMahon, W ^e   Pauls, D L ^d   Sandor, P ^f   Van De Watering, B J M ^g  

^a ROYAL FREE AND UNIVERSITY COLLEGE MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United Kingdom)

^b KING'S COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^c STRONG MEMORIAL HOSPITAL   (United States)

^d YALE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^e PRIMARY CHILDREN'S MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^f TORONTO WESTERN HOSPITAL   (Canada)

^g ERASMUS MEDICAL CENTER   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Consensus; Diagnosis; Diagnostic criteria; Rating scale; Tourette syndrome

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; CHILD; CLINICAL FEATURE; DIAGNOSTIC VALUE; FEMALE; GILLES DE LA TOURETTE SYNDROME; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PSYCHOLOGIC ASSESSMENT; PSYCHOLOGIC TEST; RATING SCALE;

EID: 0032778813     PISSN: 00283878     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1212/wnl.53.9.2108     Document Type: Article

References (30)

1. World Health Organization. International classification of diseases and health related problems, 10th revision. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1992.
2. Mason A, Banerjee S, Eapen V, Zeitlin H, Robertson MM. The prevalence of Tourette syndrome in a mainstream school population. Dev Med Child Neurol 1998;40:292-296.
3. Robertson MM. The Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome: the current status. Br J Psychiatry 1989;154:147-169.
4. Robertson MM. Annotation. Gilles de la Tourette syndrome - an update. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 1994;35:597-611.
5. Robertson MM. The relationship between Gilles de la Tourette syndrome and obsessive compulsive disorder. J Serotonin Res 1995;1(suppl 1):49-62.
6. Pauls DL, Pakstis AJ, Kurlan R, et al. Segregation and linkage analyses of Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome and related disorders. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1990;29:195-203.
7. Leckman JF, Dolnansky ES, Hardin MT. Perinatal factors in the expression of Tourette's syndrome: an exploratory study. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1990;29:220-226.
8. Kurlan R, Behr J, Medved L, et al. Familial Tourette's syndrome: report of a large pedigree and potential for linkage analysis. Neurology 1986;36:772-776.
9. Kurlan R. Future directions of research in Tourette syndrome. Adv Neurol 1997;15:451-456.
10. Bruun RD, Budman CL. The natural history of Tourette syndrome. Adv Neurol 1992;58:1-6.
11. Harcherick DF, Leckman JF, Detlor J, Cohen DJ. A new instrument for clinical studies of Tourette's syndrome. J Am Acad Child Psychiatry 1984;23:153-160.
12. Leckman JF, Zhang H, Vitale A, et al. Course of tic severity in Tourette syndrome: the first two decades. Pediatrics 1998;102: 14-19.
13. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 4th ed. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association, 1994.
14. Kurlan R. Difficulties in gene localisation for Tourette's syndrome: clinical aspects. Mol Chem Neuropathol 1989;10:21-26.
15. Robertson MM, Eapen V. The National Hospital Interview Schedule for the assessment of Gilles de la Tourette syndrome. Int J Methods Psychiatric Res 1996;6:203-226.
16. Leckman JF, Riddle MA, Hardin, MT et al. The Yale Global Tic Severity Scale: initial testing of a clinician rated scale of tic severity. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1989;28: 566-573.
17. Beck AT, Ward CH, Mendelson M, et al. An inventory for measuring depression. Arch Psychiatry 1961;4:561-571.
18. Birleson P. The validity of depressive disorder in childhood and the development of a rating scale: a research report. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 1981;22:73-88.
19. Snowdon J. A comparison of written and postbox forms of the Leyton Obsessional Inventory. Psych Med 1980;10:165-170.
20. Berg CJ, Rapoport JL, Flament M. The Leyton Obsessional Inventory-child version. J Am Acad Child Psychiatry 1986; 25:84-91.
21. Lombroso PJ, Scahill L, King RA, et al. Risperidone treatment of children and adolescents with chronic tic disorders: a preliminary report. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1995;34: 1147-1150.
22. Silva RR, Munoz DM, Barickman J, et al. Environmental factors and related fluctuation of symptoms in children and adolescents with Tourette's disorder. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 1995;36:305-312.
23. Erenberg G, Cruse RP, Rothner AD. The natural history of Tourette syndrome. A follow-up study. Ann Neurol 1987;22: 383-385.
24. Robertson MM, Banerjee S, Fox-Hiley PJ, Tannock C. Personality disorder and psychopathology in Tourette's syndrome: a controlled study. Br J Psychiatry 1997;171:283-286.
25. Robertson MM, Trimble MR, Lees AJ. The psychopathology of the Gilles de la Tourette syndrome: a phenomenological analysis. Br J Psychiatry 1988;152:383-390.
26. Wodrich DL, Benjamin E, Lachar D. Tourette's syndrome and psychopathology in a child psychiatry setting. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1997;36:1618-1624.
27. Robertson MM, Banerjee S, Eapen V, Fox-Hiley P. Psychopathology and phenomenology and a cohort of children with Tourette Syndrome. Br J Psychiatry 2000 (submitted).
28. Pauls DL, Leckman JF, Cohen DJ. Evidence against a genetic relationship between Tourette's syndrome and anxiety, depression, panic and phobic disorders. Br J Psychiatry 1994; 164:215-221.
29. Robertson MM, Gourdie A. Familial Tourette's syndrome in a large British pedigree: associated psychopathology, severity of Tourette Syndrome and potential for linkage analysis. Br J Psychiatry 1990;156:515-521.
30. Pauls DL, Towbin KE, Leckman JF, Zahner GEP, Cohen DJ. Gilles de la Tourette syndrome and obsessive compulsive disorder: evidence supporting an etiological relationship. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1986;43:1180-1182.