Spore transmittance (% St): A quantitative method for spore colour analysis

Organic Geochemistry

Volumn 30, Issue 7, 1999, Pages 567-581

  Yule, B ^a   Carr, A D ^b   Marshall, J E A ^a   Roberts, S ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON   (United Kingdom)

^b ADVANCED GEOCHEMICAL SYSTEMS LTD   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Spore colour; Spore transmittance; Thermal maturity; Vilrinite reflectance; Visible spectrum

Indexed keywords

POLYNORMORPH TYPE; SPECTRAL SCANNING MICROPHOTOMETER; SPORE COLOUR; SPORE COLOUR ANALYSIS; SPORE TRANSMITTANCE; THERMAL MATURITY; VISIBLE SPECTRUM; VITRINITE REFLECTANCE;

COLOR; HYDROCARBONS; LIGHT TRANSMISSION; OPTICAL DEVICES; PETROLEUM DEPOSITS; PETROLEUM RESERVOIRS; REFLECTION; STANDARDS; THERMAL EFFECTS;

PETROLEUM PROSPECTING;

BURIAL (GEOLOGY); COLOR; MATURATION; PETROLEUM; SPORE; TRANSMITTANCE;

EID: 0032776293     PISSN: 01466380     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0146-6380(99)00054-6     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. Barnard P.C., Collins A.E., Cooper B.S. Generation of hydrocarbons - time, temperature and source rock quality. Brooks J. Organic Maturation Studies and Fossil Fuel Exploration. 1981;337-342 Academic Press, London.
2. Brooks, J., 1980. Chemical studies on the thermal products from sporopollenin and their probable geochemical significance. In: IV International Palynol. Conference Lucknow (1976-77), vol. 2, pp. 513-528.
3. Collins A. The 1-10 Spore Colour Index (SCI) scale: a universally applicable colour maturation scale based on graded, picked palynomorphs. Mededelingen Rijks Geologische Dienst. 45:1991;39-47.
4. Colter V.S., Harvard D.J. The Wytch Farm oilfield. Illing L.V., Hobson G.D. Petroleum Geology of the Continental Shelf of NW Europe. 1981;493-503.
5. Correia M. Relations possible entre l'état de conservation des éléments figurés de la matiére organique et l'existence de gisements d'hydrocarbures. Rev. Inst. Fr. Petròle. 22:1967;1285-1306.
6. Correia M. Diagenesis of sporopollenin and other comparable organic substances: application to hydrocarbon research. Brooks J. Sporopollenin. 1971;569-620 Academic Press, London.
7. Cramer F.H., Diez M. del C.R. Palynological determination of organic maturity. Campos R., Goni T. Advances in Geochemistry 1975. 1977;891-899 Enadisma, Madrid.
8. Deaton R.C., Nestell M., Balsam W.L. Spectral reflectance of conodonts: a step toward quantitative colour alteration and thermal maturity indices. AAPG Bull. 80:1996;999-1007.
9. Ebukanson E.J., Kinghorn R.P.F. Maturity of organic matter in the Jurassic of Southern England and its relation to the burial history of the sediments. J. Petrol. Geol. 9:1986;259-280.
10. Fisher, M.J., Barnard, P.C., Cooper, B.S., 1981. Organic maturation and hydrocarbon generation in the Mesozoic sediments of the Severdrup Basin, Arctic Canada. In: Proc. 4th International Palynol. Conference, Lucknow, India (1976), vol. 2, pp. 581-588.
11. Grayson J.F. Relationship of palynomorph translucency to carbon and hydrocarbons in clastic sediments. Alpern B. Pétrographie de la Matière Organique des Sédiments, Relations avec la Paléotemperature et le Potential Pétrolier. 1975;261-273 Editions du Centre National de la Researche Scientifique, Anatole.
12. Green P.F., Duddy I.R., Bray R.J. Variation in thermal history styles around the Irish Sea and adjacent areas: implications for hydrocarbon occurrence and tectonic evolution. Meadows N., Trueblood S., Hardman S.P., Cowan M. Petroleum Geology of the Irish Sea and Adjacent Areas. Geol. Soc. Lond. Spec. Pub. 124:1997;73-93.
13. Gutjahr C.C.M. Carbonization measurements of pollen-grains and spores and their application. Leidse Geolog. Mededel. 38:1966;1-29.
14. Hillier S.J., Marshall J.E.A. A rapid technique to make polished thin sections of sedimentary organic matter concentrates. J. Sed. Petrol. 58:1988;754-755.
15. Hutton A.C., Kantsler A.J., Cook A.C., McKirdy D.M. Organic matter in oil shales. APEA Journal. 20:1980;44-67.
16. Jackson D.I., Jones S.M., Warrington G. The geological framework of the East Irish Sea Basin. Brooks J., Glennie K. Petroleum Geology of Northwest Europe. 1987;191-203 Graham and Trotman, London.
17. Kuyl O.S., Muller J., Waterbolk H.T. The application of palynology to oil geology with special reference to western Venezuela. Geol. en Mijnbow. 17:1995;49-75.
18. Lerche I., McKenna T.E. Pollen translucency as a thermal maturation indicator. J. Petrol. Geol. 14:1991;19-36.
19. Lo H.B. Photometric methods for measuring the thermal maturity on strewn slides. Org. Geochem. 12:1988;303-307.
20. Mackowsky M-Th. Rank determination by measurement of reflectance on vitrinites. Stach E., Mackowsky M.Th., Teichmüller M., Taylor G.H., Chandra D., Teichmüller R. Coal Petrology. 1982;319-329 Gebrüder Borntraeger, Berlin.
21. Marshall J.E.A. Quantitative spore colour. J. Geol. Soc. 148:1991;223-233.
22. McCulloh T.H., Naeser N.D. Thermal history of sedimentary basins: Introduction and overview. Naeser N.D., McCulloh T.H. Thermal History of Sedimentary Basins: Methods and Case Histories. 1988;1-11 Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
23. Michelsen J.K., Khorasani G.K. The kinetics of thermal degradation of individual oil-generating macerals: calibration with microscopical fluorescence spectrometry and bulk flow pyrolysis. Org. Geochem. 22:1995;179-189.
24. Milton, J.A., 1993. The application of quantitative spore colour measurement to thermal maturity studies. Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis, University of Southampton.
25. Peters K.E., Ishiwatari R., Kaplan J.R. Colour of kerogen as an index of organic maturity. AAPG Bull. 61:1977;504-510.
26. Quick J.C. Iso-rank variation of vitrinite reflectance and fluorescence intensity. Mukhopadhyay P.D., Dow W.G. Vitrinite Reflectance as a Maturity Parameter: Applications and Limitations. Amer. Chem. Soc. Symposium Series. 570:1994;64-75.
27. Robert P. Classification de matièes organiques en flourescence. Applications aux roches-mères petrolières. Bull. Centr. Rech. Explor. prod. Elf Aquitaine. 3:1979;223 - 263.
28. Rowan L.C., Poole F.G., Pawlewicz M.J. The use of visible and near-infrared reflectance spectra for estimating organic matter thermal maturity. AAPG Bull. 79:1995;1464-1480.
29. Sengupta S. The effects of temperature and pressure on Lycopodium clavatum spores. Tissot B., Bienner F. Advances in Organic Geochemistry 1973. 1974;305-306. , Editions Technip, Paris.
30. Smith P.M.R. Spectral correlation of spore colour standards. Brooks J. Petroleum Geochemistry and Exploration of Europe. Geol. Soc. Lond. Spec. Pub. 12:1983;289-294.
31. Stadnichenko T. Microthermal studies on some 'mother rocks' of petroleum from Alaska. AAPG Bull. 13:1929;823-848.
32. Staplin F.L. Interpretation of thermal history from colour of particulate organic matter - a review. Palynology. 1:1977;9-18.
33. Sweeney J.J., Burnham A.K. Evaluation of a simple model of vitrinite reflectance based on chemical kinetics. AAPG Bull. 74:1990;1559-1570.
34. Teichmüller M. Die Anwendung des polierten Dünnschiffes bei der Mikroskopie von Kohlen und versteinerten Torfen. Freund H. Handbuch der Mikroskopie in der Technik. vol. 2:1952;607-613 Freund. Umschau Verlag, Frankfurt.
35. Teichmüller M., Ottenjahn K. Art und Diagenese von Liptiniten und lipoiden Stoffen in einem Erdölmuttergestein auf Grund fluoreszenzmikroskopischer Untersuchungen. Erdöl und Kohle. 30:1977;387-398.
36. Ting F.T.C. Quantitative fluorescence microscopy and fluorescence characteristics of thermally altered liptinites. Palynology. 1:1977;27-32.
37. Tissot B.P., Welte D.H. Petroleum Formation and Occurrence. 1984;699 Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
38. van Gijzel P. Autofluorescence of fossil pollen and spores with special reference to age determination and coalification. Leidse Geol. Meded. 50:1967;263-317.
39. Wilkins R.W.T., Wilmshurst J.R., Russell N.J., Hladky G., Ellacott M.V., Buckingham C. Fluorescence alteration and suppression of vitrinite reflectance. Org. Geochem. 18:1992;629-640.
40. Wilkins R.W.T., Wilmshurst J.R., Russell N.J., Hladky G., Ellacott M.V., Buckingham C. The suppression of vitrinite reflectance in some North West Shelf wells: Barrow-1, Jupiter-1 and Flamingo-1. APEA Journal. 32:1992;300-312.
41. Yule B., Roberts S., Marshall J.E.A., Milton J.A. Quantitative spore colour measurement using colouring image analysis. Org. Geochem. 28:1998;139-149.