User initiated extension activity in Bangladesh: "Building slums" or area improvement?

Environment and Urbanization

Volumn 11, Issue 1, 1998, Pages 165-182

  Tipple, A Graham ^a,b   Ameen, Md Shahidul ^c  

^a CARDO   (United Kingdom)

^b NEWCASTLE UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^c BANGLADESH UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY   (Bangladesh)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BUILDING CONSTRUCTION; HOUSING PROVISION; URBAN PLANNING;

BANGLADESH;

EID: 0032774737     PISSN: 09562478     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/095624789901100125     Document Type: Article

References (27)

1. Government of Bangladesh and Asian Development Bank (1996), "Draft final report of the urban poverty reduction project".
2. Government of Bangladesh, CWFP and ICCDDR (1995), "The urban MCH-FP initiative: a partnership for urban health and family planning in Bangladesh", Dhaka.
3. In 1994 there were about 60 Taka in a Pound Sterling.
4. Government of Bangladesh (1995), "Summary report of household expenditure survey, 1991-92", Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics, Dhaka.
5. While this type of latrine may be "sanitary" in setting its users apart from the wastes they produce, the destination of such wastes may well be less than sanitary in the sense of rendering them harmless to others.
6. Government of Bangladesh (1993), "Bangladesh population census 1991, Zila: Dhaka", Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics, Dhaka.
7. See reference 1.
8. See reference 6.
9. Ameen, M.S., (1995), "Qualitative report on Bangladesh for transformation research project", Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka.
10. There were no plots but each dwelling is surrounded on three sides by space that represents a mean of about 66 square metres each.
11. This must be one of the weakest forms of tenure for which a relatively large sum of money is paid.
12. Seek, N.H. (1983), "Adjusting housing consumption: improve or move", Urban Studies No.20, pages 455-69.
13. Woodfield, A. (1989), Housing and Economic Adjustment, Taylor and Francis, New York for and on behalf of the UN.
14. See reference 4.
15. See reference 4.
16. On the grounds that they would be demonstrating an indiftefence to rental income.
17. With the conversion of 1,124 single roomed units into 662 larger dwellings, the number reduces to 3, 180, giving an expenditure of Tk 238.5 million. However, we sampled very few of the larger dwellings and the figure in the text is probably more nearly correct.
18. In this analysis, where there are non-habitable spaces (toilets, kitchens) in shared use, these are not allocated to the main household.
19. Tipple, A.G. (1991), "Self-help transformations of low-cost housing: an introductory study", Urban International Press, Newcastle upon Tyne for the Overseas Development Administration, London, page 77.
20. The latter is not much of a problem where a single household occupies the transformed house but it is unrealistic in houses with additional rented rooms. However, it does give some impression of the crowding which might have been dispersed throughout the rest of the housing stock had not extra space been generated through transformation.
21. Benjamin, S.J. (1985), "India: formal v. informal", The Architectural Review No. 1062, pages 32-36; also Dasgupta, A.S. (1990), "Negotiating for growth and change: a study of user initiated transformation of formal housing, Open House International Vol. 15, No.4, pages 34-40
22. Benjamin, S.J. (1985), "India: formal v. informal", The Architectural Review No. 1062, pages 32-36; also Dasgupta, A.S. (1990), "Negotiating for growth and change: a study of user initiated transformation of formal housing, Open House International Vol. 15, No.4, pages 34-40
23. See reference 6.
24. Rahman, M. (1995), "Integrated urban infrastructure development: Bangladesh experience in low-cost housing projects", Housing and Settlement Directo-rate, Dhaka.This is for non-commercial locations.
25. See reference 23.
26. Lall, V.D. (1994), Informal sector in Alwar: Status, Development and Action Plan, Society for Development Studies, New Delhi.
27. UNCHS (Habitat), (1990), The Global Strategy for Shelter to the Year 2000, Nairobi.